Observers' reports of self-regulation: Measurement invariance across sex, low-income status, and race/ethnicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Paula Daneri ◽  
Michael J. Sulik ◽  
C. Cybele Raver ◽  
Pamela A. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Developmental Trends in Self-regulation among Low-income Toddlers

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Abigail Raikes ◽  
JoAnn L. Robinson ◽  
Robert H. Bradley ◽  
Helen H. Raikes ◽  
Catherine C. Ayoub
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developmental Trends

scholarly journals Identifying Mobile Health Technology Experiences and Preferences of Low-Income Pregnant Women with Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682199317
Author(s):  
Karolina Leziak ◽  
Eleanor Birch ◽  
Jenise Jackson ◽  
Angelina Strohbach ◽  
Charlotte Niznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Design Elements

Background: Rapid expansion of mobile technology has resulted in the development of many mobile health (“mHealth”) platforms for health monitoring and support. However, applicability, desirability, and extent of tailoring of these platforms for pregnant women, particularly in populations who experience the greatest health inequities—such as women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or those with greater socioeconomic barriers—remains unknown. The objective is to understand low-income pregnant women’s experiences and preferences for mHealth tools to support DM health and improve DM self-management during pregnancy. Methods: Low-income pregnant and postpartum women were included in individual interviews or focus groups; women with type 2 DM, gestational DM, or no DM were included. Analysis was performed with the constant comparison method. Results: In this population of 45 ( N=37 with DM) low-income, largely minority, pregnant and postpartum women, 100% reported access to smartphones and prior experience with apps. Interest in mHealth to support health and engagement during pregnancy was high. Preferences for general mHealth features included education that reduces uncertainty, support communities, visualizing progress, convenient access to information, and support for better management of pregnancy-related tasks. Preferred design elements included personalization, interactive features, and integrated graphics. Women with DM expressed multiple additional DM-specific needs, including support tools for DM self-management and self-regulation tasks. Conclusion: Pregnant and postpartum women, especially those with DM, desire mHealth technology to support engagement and to adapt lifestyle guidelines and treatment requirements for a healthy pregnancy. Further work to develop mHealth interventions tailored for target populations remains a key step in reducing health inequities and promoting access to evidence-based perinatal health interventions.

scholarly journals The convergence of racial and income disparities in health insurance coverage in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Chih Lee ◽  
Hailun Liang ◽  
Leiyu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Vulnerability Measure

Abstract Objective This study applied the vulnerability framework and examined the combined effect of race and income on health insurance coverage in the US. Data source The household component of the US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS-HC) of 2017 was used for the study. Study design Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between insurance coverage status and vulnerability measure, comparing insured with uninsured or insured for part of the year, insured for part of the year only, and uninsured only, respectively. Data collection/extraction methods We constructed a vulnerability measure that reflects the convergence of predisposing (race/ethnicity), enabling (income), and need (self-perceived health status) attributes of risk. Principal findings While income was a significant predictor of health insurance coverage (a difference of 6.1–7.2% between high- and low-income Americans), race/ethnicity was independently associated with lack of insurance. The combined effect of income and race on insurance coverage was devastating as low-income minorities with bad health had 68% less odds of being insured than high-income Whites with good health. Conclusion Results of the study could assist policymakers in targeting limited resources on subpopulations likely most in need of assistance for insurance coverage. Policymakers should target insurance coverage for the most vulnerable subpopulation, i.e., those who have low income and poor health as well as are racial/ethnic minorities.

Comparing shopper characteristics by online grocery ordering use among households in low-income communities in Maine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Laura Y. Zatz ◽  
Alyssa J. Moran ◽  
Rebecca L. Franckle ◽  
Jason P. Block ◽  
Tao Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Online Shoppers ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Improve Access

Abstract Objective: Online grocery shopping could improve access to healthy food, but it may not be equally accessible to all populations—especially those at higher risk for food insecurity. This study aimed to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of families who ordered groceries online versus those who only shopped in-store. Design: We analyzed enrollment survey and 44 weeks of individually-linked grocery transaction data. We used univariate chi-square and t-tests and logistic regression to assess differences in sociodemographic characteristics between households that only shopped in-store and those that shopped online with curbside pick-up (online only or online and in-store). Setting: Two Maine supermarkets. Participants: 863 parents or caregivers of children under 18 years old enrolled in two fruit and vegetable incentive trials Results: Participants had a total of 32 757 transactions. In univariate assessments, online shoppers had higher incomes (P<0.0001), were less likely to participate in WIC or SNAP (P<0.0001), and were more likely to be female (P=0.04). Most online shoppers were 30–39 years old, and few were 50 years or older (P=0.003). After controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, number of children, number of adults, income, and SNAP participation, female primary shoppers (OR=2.75, P=0.003), number of children (OR=1.27, P=0.04), and income (OR=3.91 for 186–300% FPL and OR=6.92 for >300% FPL, P<0.0001) were significantly associated with likelihood of shopping online. Conclusions: In this study of Maine families, low-income shoppers were significantly less likely to utilize online grocery ordering with curbside pick-up. Future studies could focus on elucidating barriers and developing strategies to improve access.

scholarly journals Major disparities in COVID-19 test positivity for patients with non-English preferred language even after accounting for race and social factors in the United States in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Cohen-Cline ◽  
Hsin-Fang Li ◽  
Monique Gill ◽  
Fatima Rodriguez ◽  
Tina Hernandez-Boussard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Barriers To Health

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed inequities in our society, demonstrated by disproportionate COVID-19 infection rate and mortality in communities of color and low-income communities. One key area of inequity that has yet to be explored is disparities based on preferred language. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 164,368 adults tested for COVID-19 in a large healthcare system across Washington, Oregon, and California from March – July 2020. Using electronic health records, we constructed multi-level models that estimated the odds of testing positive for COVID-19 by preferred language, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and social factors. We further investigated interaction between preferred language and both race/ethnicity and state. Analysis was performed from October–December 2020. Results Those whose preferred language was not English had higher odds of having a COVID-19 positive test (OR 3.07, p < 0.001); this association remained significant after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and social factors. We found significant interaction between language and race/ethnicity and language and state, but the odds of COVID-19 test positivity remained greater for those whose preferred language was not English compared to those whose preferred language was English within each race/ethnicity and state. Conclusions People whose preferred language is not English are at greater risk of testing positive for COVID-19 regardless of age, race/ethnicity, geography, or social factors – demonstrating a significant inequity. Research demonstrates that our public health and healthcare systems are centered on English speakers, creating structural and systemic barriers to health. Addressing these barriers are long overdue and urgent for COVID-19 prevention.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Correlates of Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index Among Low-income Women in Hawaii WIC Participating in a Randomised Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Asinobi ◽  
Cristina Palacios ◽  
Yanyan Wu ◽  
Jinan Banna
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Low Income Women

Abstract Background: A healthy pre-pregnancy BMI fosters positive outcomes for both mother and infant both during and after pregnancy. To design interventions to promote a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI in low-income women, it is important to understand correlates. The purpose of this study was to identify the socio-demographic correlates of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) among low-income women.Methods: Participants were low-income pregnant women (n=83) in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program in Hawai‘i enrolled in a four-month text message-based nutrition intervention program. Participants reported pre-pregnancy weight and height and completed a demographics questionnaire on age, race/ethnicity, education, employment status and number of children. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation for continuous variables, and frequencies and proportions for categorical variables) were used to summarize the sample. Simply linear regression analyses were performed to examine if independent variables were associated with BMI before pregnancy. Results: Among the 83 women, 33 (39.8%) were 18-24 years old, 22 (26.5%) were between 25 and 29, 19 (22.9%) were 30-34 and 9 (10.8%) were 35-41. A total of 18 (21.7%) were Asian. Age and race/ethnicity were marginally associated with BMI before pregnancy. The age group 30-34 had the highest BMI before pregnancy (p=0.06) and Asian had lower BMI before pregnancy than the other races/ethnicities (p=0.01). Conclusions: Being classified as Asian was associated with lower BMI before pregnancy, while those who were 30-34 years old had the highest pre-pregnancy BMI compared to other age groups. These socio-demographic factors should be taken into account when designing interventions to promote healthy weight in women of childbearing age. Trial registration: The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04330976). Date of registration April 2, 2020 (restrospectively registered). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04330976

scholarly journals What are the expectations of parents from preschool education institutions: Why do they choose? What are they waiting for?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123
Author(s):  
Sibel Yoleri
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Significant Difference

The goal of this study was to investigate the expectations of the parents with a child enrolled at a preschool education institution from preschool education institutions. This research was designed as a survey study. The sample of this study consisted of 326 children, enrolled at preschool education institutions in the center of Usak province, and their parents. "Parents' Expectations from Preschool Institutions Questionnaire" developed by Simsek and Ivrendi (2014), and "Demographics Information Form" were used as data collection tools to determine the expectations of parents from preschool education institutions. It was concluded as a result of the study that the parents had a "low level" expectation related to the sub-scales of (teacher, education-family, school policy, informing) of the Parents' Expectations from Preschool Institutions Questionnaire. A significant difference in favor of males was found out in the informing sub-scale according to the t-test results carried out related to parents' expectations in line with the gender of children. The expectations of parents from preschool institutions showed a significant difference according to income status. It was found out that the expectations of families with low income level from preschool institutions were higher compared to the expectations of families with middle- and high-income levels regarding the sub-scales of teacher and education-family.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document