Covariation between entheseal changes and cross-sectional properties of reindeer long bones – Considering bone functional adaptation as partial contributing factor

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in pregnant and postpartum women. During pregnancy, the maternal heart rapidly adapts to the increasing physiological and metabolic demands of the growing fetus. This adaptation often takes the form of a physiological hypertrophy in which the maternal heart grows to increase cardiac output; however, the molecular processes underlying pregnancy-induced hypertrophy (PIH) are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to examine the transcriptomic and metabolic signatures associated with the structural and functional adaptations of the heart to pregnancy. Therefore, we performed timed pregnancy studies in 12-week-old female FVB/NJ mice, which were distributed into the following groups: non-pregnant control (NP; n = 14), mid-pregnancy (MP, 6d pregnant; n = 11), late-pregnancy (LP, 16d pregnant; n = 13), and 1-wk post birth (PB; n = 8). Heart weight to tibia length were higher in MP (7.77±1.02 mg/mm; p <0.05), LP (7.84±0.87 mg/mm; p <0.05), and PB mice (9.86±1.14 mg/mm; p <0.05) compared with NP mice (6.54±0.74 mg/mm). The sustained increase in PB heart weight was associated with increased myocyte cross sectional area, consistent with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Compared with NP hearts, echocardiographic measurements suggest significant increases in both end diastolic (36.0±5.1 vs 61.2±5.9 μl; p <0.05) and systolic LV volume (9.4±3.8 vs 21.0±1.4 μl; p <0.05) in PB hearts. These changes in PB hearts were associated with a significant increase in LV mass and a decline in ejection fraction. In LP and PB hearts, we also found higher expression of markers of hypertrophy ( Nppa, Nppb, Myh7 ). Subsequent RNA-seq analyses revealed enrichment in genes involved in cell proliferation, cytokinesis, and transcription in MP hearts; in metabolism genes in LP hearts; and in fibrotic and extracellular matrix genes in PB hearts. Together, these findings reveal the key molecular signature underlying the structural and functional adaptation of the heart during pregnancy and parturition, and may shed light on the molecular processes underlying PIH.

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Sinonasal Chondrosarcoma, an Unusual Location

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine ◽

10.12890/2020_001933 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oumniya Abouhanine ◽

Aicha Merzem ◽

Vianney Ndayishimiye ◽

Omar Amriss ◽

Hasnaa Belgadir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hard Palate ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Long Bones ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extension Work ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Left Maxillary Sinus ◽

Work Up

Introduction: Chondrosarcoma is a tumour with a cartilaginous matrix frequently encountered in long bones and the pelvis with rare sinonasal location. Patient and methods: We report the case of a 25-year-old patient who was referred to us for an extension work-up for sinonasal chondrosarcoma confirmed by anatomopathological examination. Results: Facial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed by a CT scan showed an osteolytic tumour process of the hard palate and walls of the left maxillary sinus that was locally advanced. Conclusion: The sinonasal location of a chondrosarcoma is rare. Characterized by cross-sectional imaging, confirmation was provided by histological assessment.

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Morphometric Maps of Bilateral Asymmetry in the Human Humerus: An Implementation in the R Package Morphomap

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13091711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1711

Author(s):

Antonio Profico ◽

Carlotta Zeppilli ◽

Ileana Micarelli ◽

Alessandro Mondanaro ◽

Pasquale Raia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

R Package ◽

Long Bone ◽

Biological Anthropology ◽

Long Bones ◽

Loading History ◽

Biological Profile ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Males And Females ◽

Major Factors

In biological anthropology, parameters relating to cross-sectional geometry are calculated in paired long bones to evaluate the degree of lateralization of anatomy and, by inference, function. Here, we describe a novel approach, newly added to the morphomap R package, to assess the lateralization of the distribution of cortical bone along the entire diaphysis. The sample comprises paired long bones belonging to 51 individuals (10 females and 41 males) from The New Mexico Decedent Image Database with known biological profile, occupational and loading histories. Both males and females show a pattern of right lateralization. In addition, males are more lateralized than females, whereas there is not a significant association between lateralization with occupation and loading history. Body weight, height and long-bone length are the major factors driving the emergence of asymmetry in the humerus, while interestingly, the degree of lateralization decreases in the oldest individuals.

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Intensive terrestrial or marine locomotor strategies are associated with inter- and intra-limb bone functional adaptation in living female athletes

American Journal of Physical Anthropology ◽

10.1002/ajpa.23773 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 168 (3) ◽

pp. 566-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alison A. Macintosh ◽

Jay T. Stock

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Functional Adaptation ◽

Limb Bone ◽

Bone Functional Adaptation

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General practice registrars’ clinical uncertainty, and in-consultation information- and assistance-seeking

Health Education in Practice: Journal of Research for Professional Learning ◽

10.33966/hepj.4.1.14765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Parker Magin ◽

Georga Cooke ◽

Amanda Tapley ◽

Susan Wearne ◽

Elizabeth Holliday ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Seeking ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Functional Adaptation ◽

Hard Copy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Supervisors ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Clinical Uncertainty ◽

Clinical Encounters

Purpose: To explore the association of Australian general practitioner (GP) registrars’ responses to uncertainty with their in-consultation information-, advice- and assistance-seeking.Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) cohort study in four Australian states. In ReCEnT, GP registrars record details of 60 consecutive consultations, six-monthly, three times during training.Outcome factors in logistic regression models included whether the registrar sought in-consultation information or assistance from (i) their supervisor or (ii) an electronic or paper-based source. Independent variables were the four independent subscales of the Physicians’ Reaction to Uncertainty (PRU) instrument, as well as registrar, practice and consultation variables.Findings: 589 registrars contributed details of 70,412 consultations.On multivariable analysis, scores on the two ‘affective’ PRU subscales ‘anxiety regarding diagnosis/management’ (OR 1.03; 95% confidence intervals [CIs] [1.01, 1.05], p = 0.003) and ‘concern about a bad outcome’ (OR 1.03; 95% CIs [1.01, 1.06], p = 0.008) were significantly associated with seeking supervisor assistance. There was no association with ‘behavioural’ subscales ‘reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients’ and ‘reluctance to disclose mistakes to physicians’.None of the PRU subscales were significantly associated with information-seeking from electronic or hard copy sources.Research implications: Further research is required to explore the role of uncertainty within registrar–supervisor interactions and to define the role of supervisors in registrars’ functional adaptation to clinical uncertainty (including how best to support and train supervisors in this role).Practical implications: GP registrars’ ‘affective’ responses to clinical uncertainty are associated with assistance-seeking from clinical supervisors. While in-consultation assistance-seeking may promote registrars’ tolerance of uncertainty, it may also contribute to supervisor workload.Originality/value: This is the first study to examine trainees’ levels of uncertainty and their seeking of information and assistance.Limitations: We have not investigated whether registrars’ seeking assistance resolved or attenuated, for the index problem, their anxiety or concern.

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