Evaluating the efficiency of different recording protocols for entheseal changes in regards to expressing activity patterns using archival data and cross-sectional geometric properties

Background: No specific physical activity guidelines are available for women in multiple pregnancy. Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and experience of women regarding physical activity during their latest twin pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study including women after a twin delivery was conducted in Poland. A questionnaire was distributed in 2018 via web pages and Facebook groups designed for pregnant women. Results: 652 women filled out the questionnaire completely. Only 25% of women performed any physical exercises during twin gestation. The frequency of preterm delivery was similar in physically active and non-active participants. 35% of the respondents claimed to have gained information on proper activity from obstetricians during antenatal counselling while 11% claimed to be unable to identify the reliable sources of information. 7% of women admitted to feel discriminated by social opinion on exercising during a twin pregnancy. Conclusions: The population of women with a twin gestation is not sufficiently physically active and is often discouraged from performing exercises during gestation. Therefore, it is crucial to inform obstetricians to recommend active lifestyle during a twin gestation and to provide reliable information on physical activity to pregnant women. Further research on this topic is necessary in order for obstetric providers to counsel women on appropriate exercise with a twin pregnancy.

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086 Sleep midpoint after job loss predicts breakfast skipping patterns

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A36-A36

Author(s):

Leah Callovini ◽

Gaby Gubka ◽

Candace Mayer ◽

Darlynn Rojo-Wissar ◽

David Glickenstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Loss ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Circadian Phase ◽

Breakfast Skipping ◽

Occupational Transitions ◽

The Relationship ◽

Significant Covariates

Abstract Introduction Few studies have examined circadian phase after job loss, an event that upends daily routine. It is common that a daily routine begins with the consumption of breakfast, and breakfast behavior may contribute to health status in adults. Therefore, we sought to examine whether a later midpoint of sleep was associated with breakfast skipping among adults whose schedules were no longer dictated by employment. Methods Data were obtained from the Assessing Daily Activity Patterns Through Occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study. The sample of 155 participants had involuntarily lost their jobs in the last 90 days. Both cross-sectional and 18-month longitudinal analyses assessed the relationship between sleep midpoint after job loss and current and later breakfast skipping. Assessment periods were 14 days. Sleep was measured via actigraphy, and breakfast skipping was measured via daily diary (1 = had breakfast; 0 = did not have breakfast). The midpoint of sleep was calculated as the circular center based on actigraphy sleep onset and offset times. Results The midpoint of sleep at baseline was negatively associated with breakfast consumption at baseline (B = -.09, SE = .02, p = .000). Also, a later midpoint was associated with breakfast skipping over the next 18 months (estimate = -.08; SE = .02; p = .000). Prospective findings remained significant when adjusting for gender, ethnicity, age, perceived stress, body mass index (BMI), education, and reemployment over time. Education (estimate = 14.26, SE = 6.23, p < .05) and BMI (estimate = -.51, SE = .25, p < .05) were the only significant covariates. No other sleep indices predicted breakfast behavior cross-sectionally or prospectively. Conclusion Consistent with research in adolescents, unemployed adults with a later circadian phase are more likely to skip breakfast more often. Breakfast skipping was also associated with higher BMI. Taken together, these findings provide support for the future testing of sleep/wake scheduling interventions to modify breakfast skipping and potentially mitigate weight gain after job loss. Support (if any) #1R01HL117995-01A1

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The organization and activity patterns of the anterior and posterior heads of the guinea pig digastric muscle

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1987.58.3.496 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 496-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Lev-Tov ◽

M. Tal

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Motor Nucleus ◽

Digastric Muscle ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Jaw Movements ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Trigeminal Motor Nucleus ◽

Facial Motor Nucleus ◽

Early Activity

The structure and activity patterns of the anterior and posterior heads of the guinea pig digastric muscle (DG) were studied in ketamine-anesthetized guinea pigs. Collagen staining of longitudinal and transverse sections of the muscle revealed that the guinea pig DG is comprised of a unicompartmental anterior head (ADG) and a multicompartmental posterior head (PDG). The two heads are separated by a thin tendinous inscription that, unlike the intermediate tendon of the DG in humans, is not attached to the hyoid bone. The motor nuclei of the guinea pig DG were reconstructed using retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. The motoneurons of the ADG were clustered in a longitudinal column within the trigeminal motor nucleus. The motoneurons of the PDG were segregated into two clusters within the facial motor nucleus. The cross-sectional areas of the ADG and PDG motoneuron somata exhibited unimodal frequency distributions and the average soma area was larger for ADG than PDG motoneurons. Histochemical characterization of ADG and PDG revealed that the two muscle heads contained the three main histochemical types of muscle fibers identified in limb muscles. The frequency distribution of fiber types in ADG and PDG were not significantly different. Both muscle heads were predominantly fast with slow oxidative fibers accounting for only 1.1 and 0.3% of the fibers in narrow dorsal regions of ADG and PDG, respectively, and 13.6 and 12.9% in the more ventral regions of ADG and PDG, respectively. Simultaneous recordings of EMGs from the ADG and PDG were carried out during spontaneously occurring rhythmical jaw movements. These recordings revealed a high degree of synchrony between the activities of the two heads, although differences were observed in the onset and duration of the EMG bursts. Activity in the PDG preceded activity in the ADG in most of the rhythmical cycles and persisted longer. The differences in latencies of time-locked EMGs evoked in the ADG and PDG by four-pulse cortical stimulation were much smaller than those observed between the activity bursts of the two heads during rhythmical jaw movements. It is suggested that the early activity in the PDG is accounted for by shorter central conduction times in the pathways onto it and/or by higher recruitability of its motor units. The early activity in PDG may serve to optimize the location of ADG on its length-tension curve prior to and during the active state.

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Tuning the Mechanical and Geometric Properties of Electrochemically Aligned Collagen Threads Towards Applications in Biohybrid Robotics

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4049956 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wenhuan Sun ◽

Jason Paulovich ◽

Victoria Webster-Wood

Keyword(s):

Tensile Modulus ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Geometric Properties ◽

Wide Range ◽

Crosslinker Concentration ◽

High Degree ◽

The Impact ◽

Fabrication Parameters ◽

Manufacturing Parameters

Abstract Electrochemically Aligned Collagen (ELAC) threads fabricated by the isoelectric focusing (IF) of collagen have previously shown potential in tissue engineering and more recently in the fabrication of biohybrid robot structures. For applications in biohybrid robotics, ELAC structures are needed that are both robust and compliant enough to facilitate muscle actuation. However, studies on the effects of IF parameters, and the interactions of such fabrication parameters, on the mechanical and geometric properties of resulting ELAC threads have not been previously found in literature. Understanding the impact of these manufacturing parameters on the material properties is critical to facilitate biohybrid robot design. In this study, the effects of IF duration, IF voltage, and collagen solution concentration were investigated and showed statistically significant effects on adjusting ELAC properties via single-factor experiments. The interactions between parameters exhibited significant joint effects on ELAC property tuning through two-factor experiments. Scanning electron microscopy and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic assays revealed the correlation between high mechanical properties and a combination of low porosity and high degree of crosslinking. By simply tuning IF parameters without changing other fabrication steps, such as crosslinker concentration, ELAC threads with a wide range of mechanical and geometric properties were fabricated. The average tensile modulus of the resulting ELAC threads ranged from 198±90 to 758±138 MPa. The average cross-sectional area ranged from 7756±1000 to 1775±457 µm2. The resultant mapping between IF parameters and ELAC thread properties enabled the production of strong and flexible threads with customizable properties.

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Radiographic estimation of long bone cross-sectional geometric properties

American Journal of Physical Anthropology ◽

10.1002/ajpa.1330900207 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 207-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Jacqueline A. Runestad ◽

Christopher B. Ruff ◽

James C. Nieh ◽

Richard W. Thorington ◽

Mark F. Teaford

Keyword(s):

Long Bone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Geometric Properties

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Objectively measured physical activity in four-year-old British children: a cross-sectional analysis of activity patterns segmented across the day

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/1479-5868-11-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Kathryn R Hesketh ◽

Alison M McMinn ◽

Ulf Ekelund ◽

Stephen J Sharp ◽

Paul J Collings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Objectively Measured Physical Activity ◽

British Children

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Physical activity assessments in obese and non-obese adolescents using the Bouchard diary

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi54.3.2014.137-43 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Fitri Primacakti ◽

Damayanti R. Sjarif ◽

Najib Advani

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Screen Time ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Energy Output ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obese Adolescent ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Physical Activity Duration

Background Obesity is now a global epidemic problem. Increasedprevalence of obesity is associated with increased sedentarybeh avior and low physical activity.Objective To assess the physical activity patterns of adolescentsaged 10-15 years and to compare mean energy output, intensityof physical activity, duration of moderate-vigorously intensity ofphysical activity, and length of screen time in obese and non-obeseadolescents.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 7th and3th grade students aged 12-15 years at 216 junior high schools inWest Jakarta. Physical activity was assessed using th e Boucharddiary for 2 school days and 1 holiday.Results There was no significant differen ce in mean energyoutput between th e obese and non-obese adolescent s. Th emedian intensity of physical activity of obese adolescents waslower than that of non-obese adolescents [1.5 (range 0.8 to 1.8)vs. 2 (range 1.6 to 2.8) METs, respectively; P <0.00 1] . The meanduration of moderate-vigorous intensity of physical activity inobese adolescents was shorter than that of non-obese adolescents[19.3 (SD 6.9) vs. 26.4 (SD3.4) minutes, respectively; P= 0.000].Median length of screen time was longer for obese adolescentsthan for non -obese adolescents [2.8 (range 1 to 6.6) vs. 1.8(range 0.3 to 6.1) hours, respectively; P < 0.001]. There was noadolescent who met the recommended physical activity intensityand duration criteria.Conclusion Physical activity varies among adolescents aged10- 15 years. Obese adolescents have signific antly less physicalactivity duration and intensity than n on-obese adolescents, butsignificantly longer screen time. All adolescents' physical activityis less than the recommended intensity and duration.

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Parental and self-reported dietary and physical activity habits in pre-school children and their socio-economic determinants

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014000330 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 275-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽

Gloria Santos-Beneit ◽

Stuart Pocock ◽

Juliana Redondo ◽

Valentín Fuster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Fast Food ◽

Economic Status ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Economic Determinants ◽

Main Determinants ◽

Cluster Randomized ◽

Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the agreement between self-reported and parent-reported dietary and physical activity habits in children; and to evaluate the socio-economic determinants of healthier habits (Mediterranean diet and physical activity) among children.DesignCross-sectional analysis of children recruited to a cluster-randomized controlled trial (Program SI!). Information about children’s and parents’ dietary and physical activity habits was obtained through validated questionnaires (Program SI! questionnaires, Kidmed, Krece Plus and Predimed scores).SettingTwenty-four schools in Madrid, Spain.SubjectsChildren (n 2062) aged 3–5 years and their parents (n 1949).ResultsThere was positive agreement between parental- and self-reporting for three of the six children’s habits examined. Parents’ dietary and physical activity patterns were associated with those of their children. The main determinants of higher scores in children were higher parental age, the mother’s scores, Spanish origin and higher awareness of human health (P<0·005). Children from parents with a low educational level had lower odds for scoring positively on items such as using olive oil (OR=0·23; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·41) and not skipping breakfast (OR=0·36; 95 % CI 0·23, 0·55), but higher odds for meeting the recommendations for consuming pulses (OR=1·71; 95 % CI 1·14, 2·55). Other habits being influenced by parental socio-economic status included the consumption of vegetables, fish, nuts, avoidance of fast food, and consumption of bakery products for breakfast.ConclusionsChildren’s habits may be influenced by their parents’ health awareness and other socio-economic characteristics. These findings suggest that intervention strategies, even in very young children, should also target parents in order to achieve maximum success.

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