Prosthetic heart valves’ mechanical loading of red blood cells in patients with hereditary membrane defects

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1557-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Grigioni ◽  
Patrizia Caprari ◽  
Anna Tarzia ◽  
Giuseppe D’Avenio
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Membrane Defects

scholarly journals A Flow Induced Autoimmune Response and Accelerated Senescence of Red Blood Cells in Cardiovascular Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Buerck ◽  
Dustin K. Burke ◽  
David W. Schmidtke ◽  
Trevor A. Snyder ◽  
Dimitrios Papavassiliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Cardiovascular Devices ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) passing through heart pumps, prosthetic heart valves and other cardiovascular devices undergo early senescence attributed to non-physiologic forces. We hypothesized that mechanical trauma accelerates aging by deformation of membrane proteins to cause binding of naturally occurring IgG. RBCs isolated from blood of healthy volunteers were exposed to high shear stress in a viscometer or microfluidics channel to mimic mechanical trauma and then incubated with autologous plasma. Increased binding of IgG was observed indicating forces caused conformational changes in a membrane protein exposing an epitope(s), probably the senescent cell antigen of band 3. The binding of immunoglobulin suggests it plays a role in the premature sequestration and phagocytosis of RBCs in the spleen. Measurement of IgG holds promise as a marker foreshadowing complications in cardiovascular patients and as a means to improve the design of medical devices in which RBCs are susceptible to sublethal trauma.

scholarly journals Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Analyze Blood Flow, Hemolysis and Sublethal Damage to Red Blood Cells in a Bileaflet Artificial Heart Valve

Fluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison James ◽  
Dimitrios Papavassiliou ◽  
Edgar O’Rear
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Artificial Heart ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Artificial Heart Valve ◽  
Artificial Heart Valves

Artificial heart valves may expose blood to flow conditions that lead to unnaturally high stress and damage to blood cells as well as issues with thrombosis. The purpose of this research was to predict the trauma caused to red blood cells (RBCs), including hemolysis, from the stresses applied to them and their exposure time as determined by analysis of simulation results for blood flow through both a functioning and malfunctioning bileaflet artificial heart valve. The calculations provided the spatial distribution of the Kolmogorov length scales that were used to estimate the spatial and size distributions of the smallest turbulent flow eddies in the flow field. The number and surface area of these eddies in the blood were utilized to predict the amount of hemolysis experienced by RBCs. Results indicated that hemolysis levels are low while suggesting stresses at the leading edge of the leaflet may contribute to subhemolytic damage characterized by shortened circulatory lifetimes and reduced RBC deformability.

Mechanical Loading of Suspended Cells in Laminar and Turbulent Blood Flow

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic N. Dooley ◽  
Nathan J. Quinlan
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Blood Damage ◽  
Viscous Shear Stress ◽  
Viscous Shear

Prosthetic heart valves (PHVs) and other cardiovascular devices induce flow features such as turbulence, stagnation and high shear which do not occur in the native flow, and can lead to hemolysis and thrombosis due to mechanical loading of cells. As an aid to the development of cardiovascular implants, many researchers have attempted to correlate blood damage with macroscopic flow parameters through in vitro testing. The parameters most widely used are the macroscopic viscous shear stress (e.g. Paul et al. [1]) and the macroscopic Reynolds stresses in turbulent flow (e.g. Sallam and Hwang [2]). Although these quantities are valuable predictors of flow induced blood damage, they are not equivalent to the true stresses on a blood cell. In particular, Reynolds stress characterises velocity fluctuations at all length scales; therefore, it cannot completely describe the complex structure of turbulent flow on the cellular scale at which blood damage is initiated.

Hemoglobin crystals of the red blood cells in the human renal cortex: electron microscopic observations of the renal lithiasis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ueda ◽  
Hiroto Washida ◽  
Nakazo Watari
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

IntroductionHemoglobin crystals in the red blood cells were electronmicroscopically reported by Fawcett in the cat myocardium. In the human, Lessin revealed crystal-containing cells in the periphral blood of hemoglobin C disease patients. We found the hemoglobin crystals and its agglutination in the erythrocytes in the renal cortex of the human renal lithiasis, and these patients had no hematological abnormalities or other diseases out of the renal lithiasis. Hemoglobin crystals in the human erythrocytes were confirmed to be the first case in the kidney.Material and MethodsTen cases of the human renal biopsies were performed on the operations of the seven pyelolithotomies and three ureterolithotomies. The each specimens were primarily fixed in cacodylate buffered 3. 0% glutaraldehyde and post fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethanol, and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, cut on LKB microtome, were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

Scanning electron microscopy of erythrophagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Victor Tsutsumi ◽  
Adolfo Martinez-Palomo ◽  
Kyuichi Tanikawa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis in man. The trophozoite or motile form is a highly dynamic and pleomorphic cell with a great capacity to destroy tissues. Moreover, the parasite has the singular ability to phagocytize a variety of different live or death cells. Phagocytosis of red blood cells by E. histolytica trophozoites is a complex phenomenon related with amebic pathogenicity and nutrition.

Ultrastructural observations on the in vitro cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
D.J.P. Ferguson ◽  
A.R. Berendt ◽  
J. Tansey ◽  
K. Marsh ◽  
C.I. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Process ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In human malaria, the most serious clinical manifestation is cerebral malaria (CM) due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of CM is thought to relate to the fact that red blood cells containing mature forms of the parasite (PRBC) cytoadhere or sequester to post capillary venules of various tissues including the brain. This in vivo phenomenon has been studied in vitro by examining the cytoadherence of PRBCs to various cell types and purified proteins. To date, three Ijiost receptor molecules have been identified; CD36, ICAM-1 and thrombospondin. The specific changes in the PRBC membrane which mediate cytoadherence are less well understood, but they include the sub-membranous deposition of electron-dense material resulting in surface deformations called knobs. Knobs were thought to be essential for cytoadherence, lput recent work has shown that certain knob-negative (K-) lines can cytoadhere. In the present study, we have used electron microscopy to re-examine the interactions between K+ PRBCs and both C32 amelanotic melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).We confirm previous data demonstrating that C32 cells possess numerous microvilli which adhere to the PRBC, mainly via the knobs (Fig. 1). In contrast, the HUVEC were relatively smooth and the PRBCs appeared partially flattened onto the cell surface (Fig. 2). Furthermore, many of the PRBCs exhibited an invagination of the limiting membrane in the attachment zone, often containing a cytoplasmic process from the endothelial cell (Fig. 2).

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