scholarly journals Role of reflex dynamics in spinal stability: Intrinsic muscle stiffness alone is insufficient for stability

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Moorhouse ◽  
Kevin P. Granata
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Spinal Stability ◽  
Intrinsic Muscle

scholarly journals Can Muscle Stiffness Alone Stabilize Upright Standing?

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 1622-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro G. Morasso ◽  
Marco Schieppati
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ankle Muscles ◽  
Upright Standing ◽  
Stiffness Control ◽  
Control Patterns ◽  
Physiological Values

A stiffness control model for the stabilization of sway has been proposed recently. This paper discusses two inadequacies of the model: modeling and empiric consistency. First, we show that the in-phase relation between the trajectories of the center of pressure and the center of mass is determined by physics, not by control patterns. Second, we show that physiological values of stiffness of the ankle muscles are insufficient to stabilize the body “inverted pendulum.” The evidence of active mechanisms of sway stabilization is reviewed, pointing out the potentially crucial role of foot skin and muscle receptors.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography in physiotherapy and rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Barassi Giovanni ◽  
Guerri Sergio ◽  
Tavani Roberta ◽  
Ricucci Giampiero ◽  
De Luca Giorgia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Tendon Tissue ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Know How ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Load Transmission ◽  
Intensity Information

There is an interrelation with ultrasound / physiotherapist and the duty of the physiotherapist to know how to perform ultrasound examinations alone, not for diagnostic purposes, to follow the evolution of the therapeutic cycle of physiotherapy. For this reason, ultrasound image analysis (US) is a promising non-invasive approach that uses load-dependent changes in the intensity of the echo to characterize the rigidity of muscle and tendon tissue. The purpose of this contribution is to improve the use of ultrasound images (US) and the role of the physiotherapist, who are able to detect localized changes, in particular in stiffness of the tendon due to partial and full-thickness tendon tears. Image intensity information is less sensitive for identifying load transmission variations resulting from partial thickness cuts initiated on the joint side. Ultrasound images can be useful for quantitatively assessing the variations dependent on the tendon load and muscle stiffness in physiotherapy and that the interruption of the behavior of the acousto-elastic ultrasound images can be indicative of substantial damage to the muscle or tendon.

Quantitative Analysis of Intrinsic Muscle Stiffness in Biceps Brachii of Post-stroke Patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
Silvana Galvão ◽  
Denise Xerez ◽  
Renato de Lima ◽  
Alexandre V. Pino ◽  
Liliam Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Intrinsic Muscle ◽  
Post Stroke

The Role of the Lumbar Facet Joints in Spinal Stability

Spine ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 2667-2670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Haher ◽  
Michael OʼBrien ◽  
Joseph W. Dryer ◽  
Robert Nucci ◽  
Richard Zipnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Stability ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Lumbar Facet ◽  
Lumbar Facet Joints

scholarly journals The role of the facet capsular ligament in providing spinal stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 712-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Bermel ◽  
Victor H. Barocas ◽  
Arin M. Ellingson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Stability ◽  
Capsular Ligament

scholarly journals Third-Order Muscle Models: The Role of Oscillatory Behavior in Force Control

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Piovesan ◽  
Alberto Pierobon ◽  
Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Infinite Region ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Muscle Models ◽  
Critical Damping

This paper presents the analysis of a third-order linear differential equation representing a muscle-tendon system, including the identification of critical damping conditions. We analytically verified that this model is required for a faithful representation of muscle-skeletal muscles and provided numerical examples using the biomechanical properties of muscles and tendon reported in the literature. We proved the existence of a theoretical threshold for the ratio between tendon and muscle stiffness above which critical damping can never be achieved, thus resulting in an oscillatory free response of the system, independently of the value of the damping. Oscillation of the limb can be compensated only by active control, which requires creating an internal model of the limb mechanics. We demonstrated that, when admissible, over-damping of the muscle-tendon system occurs for damping values included within a finite interval between two separate critical limits. The same interval is a semi-infinite region in second-order models. Moreover, an increase in damping beyond the second critical point rapidly brings the system to mechanical instability.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological substantiation of the complex approach to rehabilitation of patients with myofascial pain syndrome of the neck region

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
O. V. Shimarova ◽  
V. V. Malakhovskiy ◽  
V. G. Zilov
Keyword(s):  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Myofascial Pain Syndromes ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Complex Approach

Myofascial pain syndromes are a widespread pathology, which is a condition that is characterized by local muscle stiffness and the formation of trigger points in them. The pathophysiology of myofascial pain syndromes is not fully understood. Studies indicate the role of dysfunction of the end plate of the muscle, impaired proprioreception and sensomotor control, central sensitization. The review presents a modern view of approaches to the treatment of myofasial pain syndrome of the neck region, based on an understanding of its pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Tone Impairment under Conditions of Real and Simulated Space Flight

Acta Naturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Boris S. Shenkman ◽  
Andrey K. Tsaturyan ◽  
Ivan M. Vihlyantsev ◽  
Inessa B. Kozlovskaya ◽  
Anatoliy I. Grigoriev
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Gravitational Unloading ◽  
Muscle Stretch ◽  
Intrinsic Muscle ◽  
Intrinsic Stiffness

Kozlovskaya et al. [1] and Grigoriev et al. [2] showed that enormous loss of muscle stiffness (atonia) develops in humans under true (space flight) and simulated microgravity conditions as early as after the first days of exposure. This phenomenon is attributed to the inactivation of slow motor units and called reflectory atonia. However, a lot of evidence indicating that even isolated muscle or a single fiber possesses substantial stiffness was published at the end of the 20th century. This intrinsic stiffness is determined by the active component, i.e. the ability to form actin-myosin cross-bridges during muscle stretch and contraction, as well as by cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins, capable of resisting muscle stretch. The main facts on intrinsic muscle stiffness under conditions of gravitational unloading are considered in this review. The data obtained in studies of humans under dry immersion and rodent hindlimb suspension is analyzed. The results and hypotheses regarding reduced probability of cross-bridge formation in an atrophying muscle due to increased interfilament spacing are described. The evidence of cytoskeletal protein (titin, nebulin, etc.) degradation during gravitational unloading is also discussed. The possible mechanisms underlying structural changes in skeletal muscle collagen and its role in reducing intrinsic muscle stiffness are presented. The molecular mechanisms of changes in intrinsic stiffness during space flight and simulated microgravity are reviewed.

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