scholarly journals Psychological flexibility and ostracism: Experiential avoidance rather than cognitive fusion moderates distress from perceived ostracism over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Tyndall ◽  
Daniel Waldeck ◽  
Paolo Riva ◽  
Eric D. Wesselmann ◽  
Luca Pancani
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE IN A SAMPLE OF DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S489-S489
Author(s):  
Amy M Houston ◽  
Elisabeth Harfmann ◽  
Amy Olzmann ◽  
Glenna Brewster ◽  
Hannah Ottmar
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Dementia Caregiver ◽  
Male Caregivers ◽  
Changing Demographics ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Given the rapidly changing demographics, there will be an increasing number of individuals with dementia who will need significant support from informal caregivers. Providing care for an individual with dementia has been associated with negative outcomes in a number of domains including physical health, mental health, financial status and social functioning. There is a small but growing base of literature suggesting that fostering psychological flexibility, including acceptance, with dementia caregivers may be a helpful intervention. Experiential avoidance, which is the less adaptive alternative to acceptance, is the aversion from negative internal experiences including thoughts, feeling and physical sensations. Experiential avoidance has been found to be significantly related to depression and negative affect. The present study utilized online dementia caregiver support group samples (n = 158) to evaluate the relationship between experiential avoidance and general demographics, other aspects of psychological flexibility, and caregiver distress. Experiential avoidance was positively correlated with cognitive fusion (r(134) = .231, p < .01), caregiver burden (r(127) = .258, p < .01), and distress associated with dementia related behaviors (r(140) = .225, p < .01). Experiential avoidance was negatively correlated with engaged living (r(133) = -.244, p < .01), mindfulness (r(123) = -.187, p < .05), and self-rated health (r(138) = -.193, p < .05). Additionally, experiential avoidance was significantly higher for male caregivers (t(136)=2.462, p=.015) and those age 65 and over (t(134)=-2.421, p=.017). These findings support previous research that suggests experiential avoidance may be an important construct to target in future interventions with dementia caregivers.

How are Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Fusion Associated with Alexithymia?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekiye Celikbas ◽  
Sedat Batmaz ◽  
Kaasim Fatih Yavuz ◽  
Esma Akpinar Aslan ◽  
Nurgul Yesilyaprak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Cognitive Fusion

Changes in Mind-Wandering and Cognitive Fusion Through Mindfulness Group Therapy for Depression and Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-176
Author(s):  
Toru Takahashi ◽  
Tomoki Kikai ◽  
Fukiko Sugiyama ◽  
Issaku Kawashima ◽  
Ayaka Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Moderate Effect

The mechanisms of efficacy in mindfulness-based interventions for depression and anxiety are not fully understood. To clarify these mechanisms, we tested the hypotheses that mind-wandering, daydreaming, cognitive fusion, and experiential avoidance will decrease through mindfulness group therapy, and this decrease will correlate with improvements in depression and anxiety. Participants self-reported depression and/or anxiety (N = 28) took part in an 8-week mindfulness group therapy program. They were assessed using self-report scales at pre- and post-intervention, and at 2-month follow-up. Results indicated that depression and trait-anxiety decreased between pre- and post-intervention with moderate effect sizes, which were maintained at follow-up. Mind-wandering and cognitive fusion also decreased between pre- and post-intervention with small to moderate effect sizes, and maintained at follow-up. The decreases in mind-wandering and cognitive fusion moderately correlated with improvements in depression and anxiety, suggesting that decreases in mind-wandering and cognitive fusion might underlie efficacious mechanisms of mindfulness group therapy.

The Role of Maladaptive Psychological Strategies in the Association between Shame and Psychological Quality of Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S86-S86 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ferreira ◽  
A.L. Mendes ◽  
J. Marta-Simões
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
External Shame ◽  
Model Fit Indices ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Psychological Quality Of Life

Shame experiences have been highly associated with the engagement in maladaptive strategies (such as experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion) to cope with unwanted thoughts and feelings. Furthermore, these maladaptive processes have been linked to different psychopathological conditions.The current study aimed to test the mediational effect of two different emotional regulation processes, cognitive fusion (i.e., the entanglement with unwanted inner events) and experiential avoidance (i.e., the unwillingness to be in contact with these inner experiences and the tendency to avoid and control them), on the association between external shame and psychological quality of life.Participants were 421 (131 males and 290 females), aged between 18 and 34 years old.The tested path model explained 40% of the variance of psychological quality of life and showed excellent model fit indices. Results demonstrated that external shame presented a significant direct effect on psychological quality of life and, in turn, an indirect effect, through the mechanisms of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. In fact, these findings seem to suggest that higher levels of external shame are linked to a higher tendency to engage in cognitive fusion and to lower acceptance abilities, which appear to explain decreased levels of psychological quality of life.The present findings seem to offer significant clinical implications, emphasizing the importance of targeting maladaptive emotion strategies through the development of acceptance and decentering abilities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Valuing Questionnaire in a Spaniard sample and factorial equivalence with a Colombian sample

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12670
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Ruiz ◽  
Paula Odriozola-González ◽  
Juan C. Suárez-Falcón ◽  
Miguel A. Segura-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
And Gender

Background The Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) is considered as one of the most psychometrically robust instruments to measure valued living according to the acceptance and commitment therapy model. It consists of 10 items that are responded to on a 7-point Likert-type scale and has two factors: Progression and Obstruction. The Spanish version of the VQ showed good psychometric properties in Colombian samples. However, there is no evidence of the psychometric properties of the VQ in Spaniard samples. This study aims to analyze the validity of the VQ in a large Spaniard sample and analyze the measurement invariance with a similar Colombian sample. Method The VQ was administered to a Spaniard sample of 846 adult participants from general online population. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were computed to analyze the internal consistency of the VQ. The fit of the VQ’s two-factor model was tested through a confirmatory factor analysis with a robust maximum likelihood (MLR) estimation method. Afterward, we analyzed the measurement invariance across countries and gender. Convergent construct validity was analyzed with a package of questionnaires that evaluated experiential avoidance (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, AAQ-II), emotional symptoms (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, DASS-21), life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), and cognitive fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, CFQ). Results The internal consistency across samples was adequate (alphas and omegas were .85 for VQ-Progress and .84 for VQ-Obstruction). The two-factor model obtained a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.073, 90% CI [0.063, 0.083], CFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.97, and SRMR = 0.053). The VQ showed strict invariance across countries and gender and showed theoretically coherent correlations with emotional symptoms, life satisfaction, experiential avoidance, and cognitive fusion. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the VQ demonstrated good psychometric properties in a large Spaniard sample.

scholarly journals Cognitive Fusion Mediates the Relationship between Dispositional Mindfulness and Anxiety and Other Negative Emotions: A Study in a Sample of Spanish Primary-School Students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María García-Gómez ◽  
Joan Guerra ◽  
Victor M. López-Ramos ◽  
José M. Mestre
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cognitive Defusion

Nowadays, mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have experimented a remarkable development of studies among childhood and adolescent interventions. For this reason, dispositional mindfulness (DM) measures for children and adolescents have been developed to determine the effectiveness of MBI at this age stage. However, little is known about how key elements of DM (f. e., cognitive de/fusion or experiential avoidance that both conform psychological inflexibility) are involved in the mechanisms of the children and adolescents’ mental health outcomes. This research examined the mediating effect of cognitive fusion between DM and anxiety and other negative emotional states in a sample of 318 Spanish primary-school students (aged between 8 and 16 years, M=11.24, SD=2.19, 50.8% males). Participants completed the AFQ-Y, which is a measure of psychological inflexibility that encompasses cognitive defusion and experiential avoidance; CAMM (DM for children and adolescents), PANAS-N (positive and negative affect measure for children, the Spanish version of PANASC), and STAIC (an anxiety measure for children). The study accomplished ethical standards. As MBI relevant literature has suggested, cognitive defusion was a significant mediator between DM and symptoms of both negative emotions and anxiety in children and adolescents. However, experiential avoidance did not show any significant mediating relationship. Probably, it is needed improvement of the assessment of experiential avoidance. MBI programs for children and adolescents may include more activities for reducing the effects of the cognitive defusion on their emotional distress.

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