Given the increasing attention to environmental and health problems caused by machining, the development of an environmentally friendly grinding fluid has become an urgent task. In this study, seven typical vegetable oils (i.e., soybean, peanut, maize, rapeseed, palm, castor, and sunflower oil) were used as the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) base oil to conduct an experimental evaluation of the friction properties of the grinding wheel/workpiece interface. With nickel-based alloy GH4169 as workpiece material, the flood grinding and MQL grinding were selected. Experimental results indicated that castor oil MQL grinding had a friction coefficient and specific grinding energy of 0.30 and 73.47 J/mm3, which decreased by 50.1% and 49.4%, respectively, compared with flood grinding. Moreover, maize oil had the highest G-ratio of 29.15. Peanut, sunflower, and soybean oil with more saturated fatty acids, castor oil with more castor acids, and palm oil with numerous palmitic acids were suitable as lubricating fluids.