Comparison of alternative interpretive criteria for the HIV-1 Western blot and results of the Multispot HIV-1/HIV-2 Rapid Test for classifying HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections

ABSTRACT The rapid confirmatory Bio-Rad Geenius HIV 1/2 assay was evaluated as an alternative to the HIV-1 Western blot (WB) confirmatory assay. A total of 370 retrospective samples collected from 356 patients were tested. Sensitivity of the Geenius assay to detect HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections was 100% and 97%, respectively, and that of the WB assay was 86% and 39%, respectively. Geenius reduced the number of indeterminate results by 85% and exhibited a differentiation capacity for HIV-1 and HIV-2 of 100% and 89%, respectively. Three of 10 patients presenting with an early HIV infection (1 to 2 weeks before seroconversion by WB) were positive using Geenius. None of the HIV-negative samples were positive using Geenius or WB. However, 7% and 10% of them were indeterminate with Geenius and WB, respectively, leading to a specificity rate of 93% for Geenius and 90% for WB. Ninety cadaveric samples (54 negative, 23 HIV-1 positive, and 3 HIV-1 indeterminate) were tested with Geenius, leading to a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 96%, and an indeterminate rate of 4%. Our results indicate that the Bio-Rad Geenius HIV 1/2 rapid test exhibits better sensitivity to detect HIV-1 infections and better performance than WB to confirm and differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. The performance of this new confirmatory assay to detect early infections, to reduce the rate of indeterminate status, and to confirm HIV-1 infection in cadaveric blood samples makes Geenius a potent reliable alternative to the WB.

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Evaluation of the Bio-Rad Multispot HIV-1/HIV-2 Rapid Test as an alternative to Western blot for confirmation of HIV infection

Journal of Clinical Virology ◽

10.1016/j.jcv.2013.08.021 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. e97-e103 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ana María Cárdenas ◽

Eleonore Baughan ◽

Richard L. Hodinka

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Western Blot ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Hiv 1

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Potential for false-positive HIV test results using rapid HIV testing algorithms

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.4102/ajlm.v4i1.178 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosemary A. Audu ◽

Rosemary N. Okoye ◽

Chika K. Onwuamah ◽

Fehintola A. Ige ◽

Adesola Z. Musa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Blot ◽

False Positive ◽

Scale Up ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Rapid Testing ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Hiv Counselling And Testing ◽

Testing Algorithm ◽

Hiv 1

Background: In order to scale up access to HIV counselling and testing in Nigeria, an HIV diagnostic algorithm based on rapid testing was adopted. However, there was the need to further evaluate the testing strategy in order to better assess its performance, because of the potential for false positivity.Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare positive HIV test results obtained from the approved rapid testing algorithm with results from western blot tests performed on samples from the same patient.Methodology: A retrospective review was conducted of HIV screening and confirmatory results for patients seen between 2007 and 2008. Rapid test and western blot results were extracted and compared for concordance. Discordant results were further reviewed using a combination of HIV-1 RNA viral load and CD4+ cell count test results and clinical presentation from medical records.Results: Analysis of 2228 western blot results showed that 98.3% (n = 2191) were positive for HIV-1, 0.4% (n = 8) were positive for HIV-2 and 0.3% (n = 7) were dual infections (positive for both HIV-1 and HIV-2); 0.6% (n = 13) were indeterminate and 0.4% (n = 9) were negative. Further investigation of the 13 indeterminate results showed nine to be HIV-1 positive and four to be HIV-negative, for a total of 13 negative results. The positive predictive value of the HIV counselling and testing algorithm was 99.4%.Conclusion: Using the rapid testing algorithm alone, false positives were detected. Therefore, effective measures such as training and retraining of staff should be prioritised in order to minimise false-positive diagnoses and the associated potential for long-term psychological and financial impact on the patients.

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Rapid Test and Treat Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine Study in Newly Diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Infected Adults

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03945981 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Test And Treat ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

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SHCS und die Labordiagnostik der HIV-Infektion – von der Entwicklung des HIV Western Blot über die Virusquantifizierung zur klinisch relevanten individuellen Viruscharakterisierung

Therapeutische Umschau ◽

10.1024/0040-5930.61.10.603 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (10) ◽

pp. 603-607

Author(s):

Schüpbach

Keyword(s):

Western Blot ◽

Hiv 1

Die diagnostischen Instrumente für die Beantwortung der primären Frage der HIV-Labordiagnostik – ist jemand mit HIV infiziert? – wurden vor 20 Jahren mit Hilfe von Seren der ersten PatientInnen mit AIDS in der Schweiz geschaffen: Western Blot und ELISA. Der heutigen HIV-Diagnostik in der Schweiz stehen für das Screening in den klinischen Labors die vierte ELISA-Generation (Combo-Tests für Antikörper und Antigen) und in den Arztpraxen ein Schnelltest zur Verfügung. Für die Bestätigungslaboratorien steht eine Auswahl von Minimalkombinationen positiver Testresultate aus der ersten und zweiten Blutprobe zur Verfügung, welche die Diagnose einer HIV-Infektion klar bestätigen. Bei PatientInnen mit bestätigter HIV-Infektion stellen sich sofort zwei weitere zentrale Fragen, nämlich nach der Viruslast und nach klinisch relevanten spezifischen Viruseigenschaften (HIV-1 oder HIV-2, HIV-1 Subtyp, Resistenz gegen antiretrovirale Medikamente). Der Beitrag enthält einen kurzen persönlichen Rückblick auf die ersten Tage der HIV-Diagnostik und nennt die Testsysteme, die heute für die Beantwortung der drei Kardinalfragen standardmäßig eingesetzt werden. Erwähnt sind auch Alternativmethoden, die bei Versagen der Standardmethoden benützt werden können.

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Detection of Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) Antibodies among HIV-Infected Individuals and Sexually-active Attendees of Two Health Facilities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

International STD Research & Reviews ◽

10.9734/isrr/2020/v9i230110 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Iheanyi O. Okonko ◽

Tochi I. Cookey ◽

Sofiat Adewuyi-Oseni ◽

Amaka M. Awanye

Keyword(s):

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Test Strip ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Serological Reactivity ◽

Hiv Antibodies ◽

Hiv 1

Aim: This study reports on the detection of Treponema pallidum (syphilis) antibodies in HIV infected patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Screening for syphilis was carried out to determine the prevalence levels of these infections, as biological markers of risk, modes, and time functions of their transmission. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and O.B. Lulu Briggs Medical Centre, University of Port Harcourt, both in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between August 2012 and July 2015. Methods: A total of 100 HIV-infected individuals and 100 sexually-active attendees were recruited for this study. Samples of blood were collected and re-screened for the presence of HIV antibodies using the Determine HIV-1/2 (Alere), HIV ½ Stat-Pak (Chembio), and HIV-1/2/P24/O ELISA kit (Dia.Pro). The same set of samples were screened for Treponema pallidum specific antibodies using the syphilis Ultra Rapid Test Strip (ACON(R), USA) and syphilis rapid strips (Global, USA) following the respective manufacturer's instructions. Results: Among the 200 samples, serological reactivity was detected for syphilis in 3(1.5%). The incidence of syphilis was higher in males (2.0%) than in females (1.0%). Age, sex, and locality did not significantly (P>0.05) influence the rate of syphilis. Conclusion: This study further confirms the presence of syphilis among the population studied. Routine screening of Syphilis among patients is therefore advocated.

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Diminuição do risco de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH) em pacientes em hemodiálise no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651990000600006 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 419-427

Author(s):

José Hermógenes Rocco Suassuna ◽

Pedro Paulo Rongel Rocha ◽

Dumara Rodrigues de Paiva ◽

Virgílio Pinho da Cruz

Keyword(s):

Western Blot ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Hiv 1

Os estudos iniciais sobre a soroprevalência de anticorpos anti-VIH-1 (Ac-VIH) em unidades de hemodiálise no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) foram feitos em 1985. Os números alarmantes, próximos a 14%, foram atribuídos à má qualidade do sangue obtido de "doadores profissionais" em troca de comida ou dinheiro. Recentemente uma série de medidas foram adotadas na tentativa de reduzir o tráfico de sangue. Nossa investigação objetivou avaliar o impacto destas na soroprevalência de Ac-VIH em duas unidades satélites no RJ. A Clínica Segumed foi uma das unidades estudadas em 1985. Em 1987 realizamos um segundo levantamento no mesmo grupo estudado previamente. A Casa de Saúde Grajaú, inaugurada em 1986 com a maioria dos pacientes novos em diálise, foi estudada em 1988. O teste ELISA HIV-1 foi utilizado como rastreamento. Os resultados positivos foram confirmados com Western blot. Os resultados na Segumed mostraram uma grande diferença entre os dois levantamentos (14,4% vs 3,6%). Os dois casos positivos em 1987 estavam entre os identificados em 1985. Nenhum paciente se infectou entre os dois levantamentos apesar de não se utilizarem medidas de isolamento para os portadores de VIH e do uso de transfusões ter aumentado no período. Na CS Grajaú apenas dois casos foram encontrados (soroprevalência 2,4%) embora um já fosse conhecido desde 1985 quando vivia com um transplante. Uma revisão de estudos semelhantes no RJ e São Paulo parece revelar uma tendência à diminuição das taxas nos últimos anos. Nós concluímos que a chance de contaminação com VIH é atualmente reduzida nos centros estudados e pode estar caindo globalmente no RJ. É possível que a maior vigilância, e até fechamento de bancos de sangue, tenha resultado na melhora da qualidade do sangue no RJ.

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