Long-term nitrate response in shallow groundwater to agricultural N regulations in Denmark

Abstract. High-frequency, long-term and multisolute measurements are required to assess the impact of human pressures on water quality due to (i) the high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity and (ii) the fact that chemical solutes combine short- and long-term dynamics. Such data series are scarce. This study, based on an original and unpublished time series from the Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment (Brittany, France), aims to determine solute transfer processes and dynamics that characterise this strongly human-impacted catchment. The Kervidy-Naizin catchment is a temperate, intensive agricultural catchment, hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Over 10 yr, five solutes (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) were monitored daily at the catchment outlet and roughly every four months in the shallow groundwater. The concentrations of all five solutes showed seasonal variations but the patterns of the variations differed from one solute to another. Nitrate and chloride exhibit rather smooth variations. In contrast, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon is dominated by flood flushes. The observed nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of an intensive agricultural catchment hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Nitrate and chloride originating mainly from organic fertilisers accumulated over several years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally exported when upland groundwater connects with the stream during the wet season. Conversely, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon patterns are not specific to agricultural catchments. These solutes do not come from fertilisers and do not accumulate in soil or shallow groundwater; instead, they are biogeochemically produced in the catchment. The results allowed development of a generic classification system based on the specific temporal patterns and source locations of each solute. It also considers the stocking period and the dominant process that limits transport to the stream, i.e. the connectivity of the stocking compartment. This mechanistic classification can be applied to any chemical solute to help assess its origin, storage or production location and transfer mechanism in similar catchments.

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The chemical signature of a livestock farming catchment: synthesis from a high-frequency multi-element long term monitoring

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-9-9715-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 9715-9741 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. H. Aubert ◽

C. Gascuel-Odoux ◽

G. Gruau ◽

J. Molénat ◽

M. Faucheux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Inorganic Carbon ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Wet Season ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Agricultural Catchments ◽

Organic And Inorganic Carbon ◽

Five Elements ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Assessing the impact of human pressures on water quality is difficult. First, there is a high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity. Second, chemical elements have their own characteristics mixing short and long term dynamics. High frequency, long-term and multi-element measurements are required. But, such data series are scarce. This paper aims at determining what the hydro-chemical particularities of a livestock farming catchment are in a temperate climatic context. It is based on an original and never published time series, from Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment. Stream chemistry was monitored daily and shallow groundwater roughly every four month, for 10 yr and five elements (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon). The five elements present strong but different seasonal patterns. Nitrate and chloride present a seasonal flush, all along or at the beginning of the wet season, respectively. Sulphate, organic and inorganic carbon present storm flushes, with constant or decreasing peaks throughout the wet season. These depicted nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of a livestock farming catchment. There, nitrate and chloride coming from organic fertilisation have been accumulating over years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally flushed when the groundwater connects to the stream. Sulphate, organic and inorganic carbon patterns do not seem specific to agricultural catchments. These elements are produced each year and flushed by storms. Finally, a generic classification of temporal patterns and elements is established for agricultural catchments. It is based on the distance of the source component to the stream and the dominant controlling process (accumulation versus production). This classification could be applied to any chemical element and help assessing the level of water disturbances.

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Long-term effect of thj.age and rainfall on herbicide leaching to shallow groundwater

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/0045-6535(94)00433-u ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 671-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Allan R. Isensee ◽

Ali M. Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Effect

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Impact of Long-Term Reclaimed Water Irrigation on the Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil: An In-Situ Experiment Study in the North China Plain

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16040649 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 649 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaomin Gu ◽

Yong Xiao ◽

Shiyang Yin ◽

Honglu Liu ◽

Baohui Men ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxic Elements ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

In Situ Experiment ◽

The North ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation

The widespread use of reclaimed water has alleviated the water resource crisis worldwide, but long-term use of reclaimed water for irrigation, especially in agricultural countries, might threaten the soil environment and further affect groundwater quality. An in-situ experiment had been carried out in the North China Plain, which aimed to reveal the impact of long-term reclaimed water irrigation on soil properties and distribution of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Zn and Pb) in the soil profile as well as shallow groundwater. Four land plots were irrigated with different quantity of reclaimed water to represent 0, 13, 22 and 35 years’ irrigation duration. Pollution Load Index (PLI) values of each soil layer were calculated to further assess the pollution status of irrigated soils by potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Results showed that long-term reclaimed water irrigation caused appreciable increase of organic matter content, and might improve the soil quality. High soil organic matter concentrations conduced to high adsorption and retention capacity of the soils toward PTEs, which could reduce the risk of PTEs leaching into deep layers or shallow groundwater. Highest levels of Cr, Pb and Zn were observed at 200–240 cm and 460–500 cm horizons in plots. Longer irrigation time (35 years and 22 years) resulted in a decreasing trend of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn in lower part of soil profiles (>540 cm) compared with that with 13-years’ irrigation years. Long-term reclaimed water irrigation still brought about increases in concentrations of some elements in deep soil layer although their content in soils and shallow groundwater was below the national standard. Totally speaking, proper management for reclaimed water irrigation, such as reduction of irrigation volume and rate of reclaimed water, was still needed when a very long irrigation period was performed.

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Study on the Influence of Shallow Groundwater Source Heat Pumps on Groundwater Quality in Weifang, China

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.97 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 97-100

Author(s):

Qiang Huang ◽

Wei Ping Wang ◽

Hai Yan Deng

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Heat Pump ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Project Area ◽

Research Objects ◽

Groundwater Source ◽

Change Curve

Selecting 4 shallow groundwater source heat pump (GSHP) projects as research objects in Weifang city of Shandong province, China, the groundwater quality in the project area was, observed and analyzed by sampling continuously. The results show that the concentrations of chloride and the total hardness are relatively stable, and there are no apparent changes; In the change curve of TDS in different kind of shallow GSHPs, the worse the sealing condition of the project, the more obvious the rising trend of TDS; The concentration of nitrate is generally on the rise, and the concentration of ammonia appears in the trend of first increased then decreased. Therefore, in the region, the shallow GSHPs are not completely free from contamination in the current technology conditions and the application should be controlled and managed strictly. The observation of shallow GSHPs still need be conducted in a long term.

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Residue detections in soil and shallow groundwater after long-term herbicide applications in southern Alberta

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss95-050 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 349-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. J. Miller ◽

B. D. Hill ◽

C. Chang ◽

C. W. Lindwall

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Key Words ◽

Level Set ◽

Water Samples ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Herbicide Residues ◽

Southern Alberta

After herbicide applications for 1–24 yr, there were no detectable residues of glyphosate, dicamba, 2,4-D, bromoxynil or methylchlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in soil at two long-term tillage sites and one long-term manured site. The only detectable residues in soil were of diclofop and triallate. Residues of bromoxynil, diclofop and MCPA but not dicamba, 2,4-D or triallate, were detected in the groundwater at the manured site. Diclofop was detected in 6% and bromoxynil and MCPA in 2% of 84 water samples collected at the manured site. Maximum concentrations of bromoxynil (6.5 μg L−1) and diclofop (47 μg L−1) in the groundwater at the manured site exceeded levels set by the Canadian drinking water guidelines. Long-term application of herbicides has not caused accumulation of harmful residues in southern Alberta soils, but the presence of certain herbicides in the groundwater at concentrations above the level set by the drinking water guidelines is cause for concern. Key words: Herbicide residues, tillage, manure, soil, groundwater

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Effect of Wastewater Treated by EM Reused for Irrigation on Shallow Groundwater Quality

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.318 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 409-410 ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chao Yin ◽

Xiao Hou Shao ◽

Xiao Wei Zhang ◽

Liang Ren ◽

Ting Ting Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Groundwater Pollution ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Wastewater Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Amount

In allusion to environmental pollution brought about by wastewater irrigation, EM technology was introduced to study the feasibility of EM application in wastewater irrigation. The results show that EC, NO3--N and TN value of EM treatment in shallow groundwater are all less than those of WW treatment as a whole. In all samples, 59.3% NO3--N values are in the alert status, and when irrigation amount reaches 360mm, treatment WW has caused shallow groundwater pollution. TN concentration in treatment WW-3 on June 27 and July 9 is more than 110 mg/L. It suggests that NO3--N can easily penetrate into shallow groundwater with wastewater irrigation and there is insurance of groundwater pollution in the long-term wastewater irrigation. It also indicates that application of wastewater treated by EM reused for irrigation is feasible. TP values are all very low and suggest the pollution of P does not happen.

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Transformation of the groundwater composition in coastal zone of the Ivankovo reservoir during 20 years

Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology ◽

10.52321/igh.35.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

Elena Lapina ◽

Larisa Lapina ◽

Vera Kudryashova

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Winter Period ◽

Ivankovo Reservoir ◽

Water Quality Status ◽

The City ◽

Term Monitoring

The Ivankovo reservoir is an important source of drinking water for the city of Moscow. The water quality status of aquifers around the reservoir is important for its safety, as groundwater inflow into the reservoir is considerable. The chemical composition of the shallow groundwater around the Ivankovo reservoir is studied. The study is based on long-term monitoring (1999–2019) of both surface and groundwater quality. The aim of the paper is to identify changes in groundwater quality over this period and to determine their causes. The results show that over this 20 year-period, the groundwater quality in the study area shifted from HCO3–Ca to HCO3–Ca-Mg type, proven by statistical methods. The median values of the total dissolved solids (TDS) decreased by 13% in summer and by 17% in winter. It is shown that the ongoing processes of transformation of the groundwater chemical composition are mainly due to climate change, and atmospheric precipitation in the spring-winter period is a possible source of the Mg2+ ion entering the groundwater table. Among other components, concentrations of chlorides and sulfates underwent the largest change, the median values of which have decreased by two or more times, which is caused by both the dilution of the groundwater by melt water and a decrease in the anthropogenic load.

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Formation and In Situ Treatment of High Fluoride Concentrations in Shallow Groundwater of a Semi-Arid Region: Jiaolai Basin, China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17218075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 8075

Author(s):

Zongjun Gao ◽

Mengjie Shi ◽

Hongying Zhang ◽

Jianguo Feng ◽

Shaoyan Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Field Investigation ◽

River Outflow ◽

High Fluoride ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

And Migration ◽

Soil Fluoride

Fluorine is an essential nutrient, and excessive or deficient fluoride contents in water can be harmful to human health. The shallow groundwater of the Jiaolai Basin, China has a high fluoride content. This study aimed to (1) investigate the processes responsible for the formation of shallow high-fluoride groundwater (SHFGW); (2) identify appropriate methods for in situ treatment of SHFGW. A field investigation into the formation of SHFGW was conducted, and the results of experiments using soils from high-fluoride areas were examined to investigate the leaching and migration of fluoride. The results showed that the formation of SHFGW in the Jiaolai Basin is due to long-term geological and evaporation processes in the region. Stratums around and inside the basin act as the source of fluoride whereas the terrain promotes groundwater convergence. The hydrodynamic and hydrochemical conditions resulting from slow groundwater flow along with high evaporation and low rainfall all contribute to the enrichment of fluoride in groundwater. In situ treatment of SHFGW may be an effective approach to manage high SHFGW in the Jiaolai Basin. Since soil fluoride in high-fluoride areas can leach into groundwater and migrate with runoff, the construction of ditches can shorten the runoff of shallow groundwater and accelerate groundwater loss, resulting in the loss of SHFGW from high-fluoride areas through river outflow. The groundwater level will be reduced, thereby lowering the influence of evaporation on fluoride enrichment in shallow groundwater. The results of this study can act a reference for further research on in situ treatment for high-fluoride groundwater.

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