Biochar mitigates the N2O emissions from acidic soil by increasing the nosZ and nirK gene abundance and soil pH

2020 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 109891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamer ◽  
Muhammad Shaaban ◽  
Muhammad Umair Hassan ◽  
Huang Guoqin ◽  
Liu Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gene Abundance ◽  
Nirk Gene

scholarly journals Liming Effects of Sawdust Ash and Lime on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Yield in Acidic Soil of Southeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. V. Ogbenna ◽  
V. E. Osodeke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Head Weight

Aim: A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of sawdust ash and lime (Ca(OH)2) on soil characteristics and yield of sunflower in acidic soil of southeastern Nigeria. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design, using sawdust ash (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 t ha-1) as the sub plot and lime (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 t ha-1) as the main plot. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted outdoors at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria, during the 2010 planting season. Materials and Methods: Treatment combinations were applied to the 60 buckets containing soil, mixed thoroughly and watered adequately. After 1 week of treatment application, two sunflower seeds were planted and later thinned to one seedling per bucket. Plant growth and yield data were collected. Pre planting and post-harvest soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil properties. Results: Results showed that with the exception of organic carbon there was significant effect of treatments on all soil chemical properties. Lime and sawdust ash (SDA) as single and combined treatments significantly increased total nitrogen (P=0.05), available phosphorus (P<0.010), and base saturation (P<0.012). The interaction between SDA and lime significantly (P=0.05) increased total exchangeable bases and effective cation exchange capacity, while soil pH was significantly increased (P=0.05) by single applications. The increases in soil chemical properties led to significant positive response of the sunflower. With the exception of number of leaves, other plant parameters (Plant height, stem diameter, head weight, 50 seed weight, head diameter) had significant increases for sawdust ash alone at P=0.05. Correlation studies showed positive significant relationship between soil pH and sunflower yield. Conclusion: The study showed that sunflower performed best at the combination of 3 tha-1 SDA and 1.5 t ha-1 lime producing a mean head weight of 45.4 g.

scholarly journals Root architecture, rooting profiles and physiological responses of potential slope plants grown on acidic soil

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9595
Author(s):  
Deivaseeno Dorairaj ◽  
Muhammad Fahmi Suradi ◽  
Nursyamimi Syafiqah Mansor ◽  
Normaniza Osman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Root Anchorage ◽  
Healthy Growth

Globally, there has been an increase in the frequency of landslides which is the result of slope failures. The combination of high intensity rainfall and high temperature resulted in the formation of acidic soil which is detrimental to the healthy growth of plants. Proper plant coverage on slopes is a prerequisite to mitigate and rehabilitate the soil. However, not all plant species are able to grow in marginal land. Thus, this study was undertaken to find a suitable slope plant species. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different soil pH on root profiles and growth of three different potential slope plant species namely, Melastoma malabathricum, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Syzygium campanulatum. M. malabathricum showed the highest tolerance to acidic soil as it recorded the highest plant height and photosynthetic rate. The root systems of M. malabathricum, H. rosa-sinensis and S. campanulatum were identified as M, VH- and R-types, respectively. The study proposed M. malabathricum which possessed dense and shallow roots to be planted at the toe or top of the slope while H. rosa-sinensis and S. campanulatum to be planted in the middle of a slope. S. campanulatum consistently recorded high root length and root length density across all three types of soil pH while M. malabathricum showed progressive increase in length as the soil pH increased. The root average diameter and root volume of M. malabathricum outperformed the other two plant species irrespective of soil pH. In terms of biomass, M. malabathricum exhibited the highest root and shoot dry weights followed by S. campanulatum. Thus, we propose M. malabathricum to be planted on slopes as a form of soil rehabilitation. The plant species displayed denser rooting, hence a stronger root anchorage that can hold the soil particles together which will be beneficial for slope stabilization.

Nutrient and microbial dynamics of soils amended with sewage sludge stabilized with clay minerals and biochar; a preliminary study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Giannopoulos ◽  
Anastasia-Garyfallia Karagianni ◽  
Athanasios Balidakis ◽  
Ioannis Ipsilantis ◽  
Theodora Matsi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Organic C

&lt;p&gt;Sewage sludge production from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) progressively exceeds 60 Million m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; p.a. in the EU. Although it is rich in organic matter (OM) and essential nutrients for crop production, sewage sludge is mainly disposed in landfills. Under the framework of Cyclic Economy and EU Green Deal, sewage sludge represents an ideal soil amendment and fertilizer with a potential to increase soil OM, provide nutrients and reduce chemical fertilization. Nonetheless, its agronomic use comes with limitations due to the presence of heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms. Several stabilization technologies, including composting, thermal treatment and liming, aim to produce safe sewage sludge products suitable for agronomic use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This incubation study investigated the effects of municipal sewage sludge (stabilized by alternative and common methods) on nutrient and microbial dynamics in two soils; an acidic (pH 5) and an alkaline (pH 8). Stabilized sewage sludge (Thessaloniki WWTP, Greece) with clay minerals (bentonite and vermiculite), biochar (pine residues), Ca(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and air-drying, was applied at 1% and 3% dw, in soil mesocosms (300 g). Non-amended soils were also included as control. Soils were incubated (15 days; 25&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C) and equilibrated with periodic wetting and air-drying. Then, chemical soil properties, heavy metal concentrations and microbial abundance were determined using standard methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Treated sewage sludge addition in the acidic soil, noticeably increased soil pH (pH 5.2 &amp;#8211; 8.5), compared to the control treatment (pH 5.0). In the alkaline soil, pH remained at similar levels (pH 8.1 &amp;#8211; 8.6). Interestingly, EC increased from 0.42 up to 4.10 and 0.80 up to 3.08 dS m-1 for the acidic and alkaline soils, respectively. The C/N ratio was approx. 10 for all treatments, except biochar (C/N=16). Higher NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#160;concentrations were observed for (CaOH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, biochar and vermiculite stabilized sewage sludge treatments, and higher NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; concentrations were observed for air-dried, bentonite and vermiculite stabilized sewage sludge treatments, in both soils, when compared to the control. Heavy metal concentration increased in all treatments, yet, it remained below legislative critical levels. Sewage sludge amendment increased total heterotroph abundance in all treatments (5.4 &amp;#8211; 7.5 log&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; CFU g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) compared to the control. Antibiotic resistant prokaryote abundance ranged between 3.9 &amp;#8211; 7.0 log&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; CFU g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and no persistent pattern was found. Pathogens remained below legislative critical levels in all treatments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our preliminary results show that stabilized sewage sludge has the potential to be a safe soil conditioner and fertilizer under the framework of Cyclic Economy and EU Green Deal. A desirable increase in soil fertility and organic C was observed for both soils, and an advantageous pH increase for acidic soil. Though, care should be taken not to exceed EC&gt;2 dS m&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; when amending agricultural soils with sewage sludge products. Also, further experimentation is required to understand the effects of soil amendments on plant nutrition and productivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Funding Acknowledgement: The research work was supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the &amp;#8220;First Call for H.F.R.I. Research Projects to support Faculty members and Researchers and the procurement of high-cost research equipment grant&amp;#8221; (Project Number: HFRI-FM17-1907).&lt;/p&gt;

The ameliorative effects of low-grade palygorskite on acidic soil

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Jin-Hua Yuan ◽  
Sheng-Zhe E ◽  
Zong-Xian Che
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Acid Neutralisation

Mineral composition and alkaline properties of palygorskite (Pal), and its ameliorative effects on chemical properties of acid soil were investigated. Dolomite was the main form of alkali in Pal and the acid neutralisation capacity of Pal was 215 cmol kg–1. Incubation experiments indicated that Pal incorporation increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturation and exchangeable K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents, and decreased the levels of exchangeable H+, Al3+ and acidity, over a 1-year period. The ameliorative mechanisms were the dissolution of major alkaline matter in Pal (i.e. dolomite), and the exchange between released Ca2+ and Mg2+ with H+ in acidic soil. Hence, Pal can be used as a moderate acidic soil amendment.

Decreased N2O reduction by low soil pH causes high N2O emissions in a riparian ecosystem

Geobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. VAN DEN HEUVEL ◽  
S. E. BAKKER ◽  
M. S. M. JETTEN ◽  
M. M. HEFTING
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N2o Reduction ◽  
Riparian Ecosystem

scholarly journals Effect of Soil pH on Sclerotial Germination and Pathogenicity of Sclerotium rolfsii1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M-Y. Shim ◽  
J. L. Starr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Sclerotial Germination ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Abstract The effect of soil pH on sclerotial germination and pathogenicity of two isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii on peanut was examined. Sclerotial germination for both isolates was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in acidic soil than at alkaline pHs. Similarly, percentage of peanut stems infected by S. rolfsii in greenhouse tests was greater at soil pH 5.6 than at alkaline soil pHs (P ≤ 0.05), but disease did develop at soil pH 8.7 and 9.8. In contrast to a previous in vitro study, these data confirm that sclerotia of S. rolfsii will germinate and initiate disease at soil pH &gt; 7.0.

scholarly journals Effects of fertilization and stand age on N<sub>2</sub>O and NO emissions from tea plantations: A site-scale study in a subtropical region using a modified biogeochemical model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Zhisheng Yao ◽  
Xunhua Zheng ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Ph Reduction ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
No Emissions

Abstract. To meet increasing demands, tea plantations are rapidly expanding in China. Although the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) from tea plantations may be substantially influenced by soil pH reduction and intensive nitrogen fertilization, process model-based studies on this issue are still rare. In this study, the process-oriented biogeochemical model, Catchment Nutrient Management Model – DeNitrification-DeComposition (CNMM-DNDC), was modified by adding tea growth-related processes that may induce a soil pH reduction. Using a dataset for intensively managed tea plantations at a subtropical site, the performances of the original and modified models for simulating the emissions of both gases subject to different fertilization alternatives and stand ages were evaluated. Compared with the observations in early stage of a tea plantation, the original and modified models showed comparable performances for simulating the daily gas fluxes (with Nash-Sutcliffe index (NSI) of 0.10 versus 0.18 for N2O and 0.32 versus 0.33 for NO), annual emissions (with NSI of 0.81 versus 0.94 for N2O and 0.92 versus 0.94 for NO) and annual direct emission factors (EFds). The observations and simulations consistently demonstrated that short-term replacement of urea with oilcake stimulated N2O emissions by ~ 62 % and ~ 36 % and mitigated NO emissions by ~ 25 % and ~ 14 %, respectively. The model simulations resulted in a positive dependence of EFd of either gas against nitrogen doses, implicating the importance of model-based quantification of this key parameter for inventory. In addition, the modified model with pH-related scientific processes showed overall inhibitory effects on the gases emissions in the mid to later stages during a full tea lifetime. In conclusion, the modified CNMM-DNDC exhibits the potential for quantifying N2O and NO emissions from tea plantations under various conditions. Nevertheless, wider validation is still required for simulation of long-term soil pH variations and emissions of both gases from tea plantations.

scholarly journals Restoring effect of soil acidity and Cu on N2O emissions from an acidic soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 109535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shaaban ◽  
Qi-an Peng ◽  
Saqib Bashir ◽  
Yupeng Wu ◽  
Aneela Younas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
N2o Emissions

N2O Emissions Mitigation in Acidic Soil Following Biochar Application Under Different Moisture Regimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 2454-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamer ◽  
Muhammad Shaaban ◽  
Muhammad Umair Hassan ◽  
Liu Ying ◽  
Tang Haiying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Soil ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Moisture Regimes
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