China Sponge City database development and urban runoff source control facility configuration comparison between China and the US

2022 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 114241
Author(s):  
Changqing Xu ◽  
Xinmei Shi ◽  
Mingyi Jia ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Rongrong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Database Development ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control Facility

A study on the effects of urban runoff controls in the sandsli research catchment, Bergen, Norway

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Sveinn T. Thorolfsson
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Urban Stormwater Management ◽  
Water Conditions

This paper describes a case study on a new alternative drainage system for urban stormwater management, the so-called “Sandsli-system”. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Sandsli system and the effects of the solution on ground water conditions. The study is carried out in the Sandsli research catchment in Bergen, Norway. The idea behind the “Sandsli-system is not to mix the polluted and the clean stormwater combined with a source control for both stormwater quantity and quality. The clean stormwater is percolated as quickly as possible, while the polluted stormwater is collected and conducted to an appropriate site for disposal or treatment. The Sandsli-system was developed as an alternative drainage system to the conventional drainage system. The system has been functioning satisfactorily since 1981 to date. The advantages of the use of the Sandsli-system is highlighted i.e. recharging the stormwater to the ground water. The Sandsli-system is appropriate to locations with climate and geology similar to that found in the coastal part of Norway

Greywater reuse through a bioretention system prototype in the arid region

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2201-2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezaul K. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Bioretention System ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Vegetative System

The concept of a greywater-fed bioretention system in arid regions was investigated in this study. Bioretention systems are conventionally used as a source control mechanism for urban runoff. Nevertheless, in arid regions, where rain and urban runoff are not an abundant water resource, their application is limited. Greywater (residential wastewater without toilet and kitchen sources) is comparatively less polluted and has the potential for reuse in irrigation and non-potable water uses. However, selection of an appropriate treatment is a challenge. A prototype bioretention system was made and its ability to improve greywater quality was monitored for more than 10 consecutive days. A vegetative and non-vegetative system were monitored separately. After 24 hours of retention in both systems, greywater quality was improved significantly. Both systems performed almost equally well; however, the vegetative system (with canary reed grass, Phalaris arundinacea) was found to be more effective in reducing the sodium and chemical oxygen demand contents. The study revealed that the concept of the greywater-fed bioretention system has the potential to add multi-functional benefits (greywater treatment, water conservation, landscape aesthetic and biodiversity) to the arid regions’ urban environment.

A new direction in the urban runoff and pollution management in the city of Bergen, Norway

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Sveinn T. Thorolfsson
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Surface Water Management ◽  
Design Values

This paper deals with the new direction in the urban runoff and water environment master planning for the Municipality of Bergen, Norway. The goal is to manage the runoff (wastewater and storm water) in a way that environmental damages are avoided at lowest possible costs. The plan is partly based on the findings in the research program carried out in the Birkeland basin and the subcatchment Sandsli in Bergen since 1981. The solution to the surface water management requires the use of a source control of the water quantity and quality combined with the green trends in the urban storm water management to utilise the capabilities of the urban nature to take up the storm water and to reduce the pollution content in the water. The interaction between the research and the master plan is outlined. In the planning process brooks, rivers and lakes were kept as natural as possible. In evaluating alternative solutions for the urban runoff in the Birkeland basin, the need for better design values and experiences became apparent. Therefore, a research program was started in Birkeland basin and in Sandsli urban hydrological research catchment. The findings in Birkeland and Sandsli have provided valuable data and experiences to the master plan.

A gauss-function based approach for flood control capacity assessment of integrated green and grey infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Chao Mei
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Capacity Assessment ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Gauss Function

<p>Under the background of climate change and rapid urbanization，the risk of urban flood is increasing across the globe. To alleviate the urban flooding problems, the sponge city strategy has been proposed in China. The urban flood control system based on sponge city is gradually formed, which is an integrated system composed of green and grey infrastructure. However, mechanism of the corresponding flood control function and corresponding quantitative assessment of flood control capacity of the integrated green and grey infrastructure is relatively lacking. Based on polit sponge cities in China, this study summarized and put forward the construction mode of urban inundation control system of sponge city, including source control system, stormwater pipe network system, over-standard stormwater storage and drainage system, etc., identified the mechanism of urban flood control functions of urban flood control system, including detaining, releasing, peak rate cutting, peak rate delaying and discharging the stormwater runoff. Furthermore, a gauss-function based approach for quantitative flood control capacity assessment of integrated green and grey infrastructure was established. This study builds the relationship between the gauss function and mechanism of urban flood control capacity, according to the mathematical meaning of parameters of the gauss function. It provides a new method for urban flood control capacity assessment of the integrated green and grey infrastructure.</p>

Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures of City Stormwater Runoff and Facility Size

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2056-2060
Author(s):  
Yi Luo ◽  
Xue Min Dai ◽  
Hong Juan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Flow Reduction ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Facility Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Pools

This paper analyzes the urban runoff reduction measures facilities scale. Analyze and conclude the relationship data between existing-pipeline-controlled rainfall return period and runoff coefficient, by using source control. Calculate and conclude the design scale of ecological measures and storage pools, draw the corresponding generalized model, by using peak flow reduction, volume reduction and flow reduction measures.

The Eleventh Circuit Holds that Agreements in which Pharmaceutical Companies Pay Generic Companies Not to Compete May be Valid

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Amy Garrigues
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Appeals Court ◽  
Two Sides

On September 15, 2003, the US. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that agreements between pharmaceutical and generic companies not to compete are not per se unlawful if these agreements do not expand the existing exclusionary right of a patent. The Valley DrugCo.v.Geneva Pharmaceuticals decision emphasizes that the nature of a patent gives the patent holder exclusive rights, and if an agreement merely confirms that exclusivity, then it is not per se unlawful. With this holding, the appeals court reversed the decision of the trial court, which held that agreements under which competitors are paid to stay out of the market are per se violations of the antitrust laws. An examination of the Valley Drugtrial and appeals court decisions sheds light on the two sides of an emerging legal debate concerning the validity of pay-not-to-compete agreements, and more broadly, on the appropriate balance between the seemingly competing interests of patent and antitrust laws.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

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