A comprehensive techno-economic analysis of income-generating sources on the conversion of real sheep slaughterhouse waste stream into valorized by-products

2022 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 114464
Author(s):  
Kaan Yetilmezsoy ◽  
Fatih Ilhan ◽  
Emel Kiyan ◽  
Majid Bahramian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Bioethanol Plant By-Product Valorization: Exploring Market Opportunities with Protein-Rich Fungal Biomass Production

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Gülru Bulkan ◽  
Jorge A. Ferreira ◽  
Karthik Rajendran ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
By Products

The feasibility of dry-grind bioethanol plants is extremely dependent on selling prices of ethanol and by-products, known as Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and sold as animal feed. Increasing the amount and quality of the by-products can widen potential feed and food markets and improve the process economy and robustness to price fluctuations of ethanol and grain. In this study, the techno-economic analysis of a bioethanol plant was investigated. Integration of edible filamentous fungi into the process leading to the conversion of sidestreams into ethanol and protein-rich fungal biomass for food and feed applications was considered, and its impact was investigated. Sensitivity analysis considered variations on process capacity, on the price of grain and ethanol, and on the price of fungal biomass considering its use for various animal feed (e.g., pig and fish) and human food markets. Selling the fungal biomass in the human food market resulted in 5.56 times higher NPV (net present value) than the base case bioethanol plant after 20 years. Integration of a low-performing strain towards ethanol, followed by the usage of the fungal biomass in the food sector, was found to be the most resistant scenario to the low ethanol selling price and increasing grain price. This study showed that the competitiveness of ethanol plants in the fuel market could be reinforced while meeting the increasing demand for protein sources.

scholarly journals Importance of the quality of pig carcass sides for economical efficiency in production and processing of pork

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Dj. Okanovic ◽  
Lj. Petrovic ◽  
V. Zekic ◽  
B. Zivkovic ◽  
N. Dzinic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Cost Distribution ◽  
By Products

Intensive, market oriented pork and pork meat production requires detailed view of production prices, besides required quality and production parameters. This is required for meat-by products production to be economic in later phases. Previous results show that production price of fatteners does not vary during the year (around 1 ?/kg) because feed price does not very significantly. During the year supply and demand may change, so the price of fatteners changes. In conclusion, the position of live stock and meat producers is insecure and slaughterhouses supply with livestock and market with meat is unstable. The paper presents results of sides' quantitative parameters testing, economic analysis of profitability of supply of carcass sides according to quality and meat yield. Meat yield, basic parts and tissues in carcass sides was determined using partial dissection method. For economic analysis, divisional calculation was used. Base for cost distribution were relations between market prices of different meat categories and slaughter and pork meat processing costs in second phase of calculation. Carcass sides' weight was around 83kg. Average meat percentage was 47,96%, and it ranged from 42,5% (class O) to 52,2% (class U). Knowing that same production requirements are needed for both bad and good quality pigs, it is essential to stimulate fatteners' producers by paying for meat percentage using and classifying carcass sides on the pig slaughter line. Livestock producers can achieve greater price and adequate compensation for quality work on selection, choice of food, optimal fattening ending... At the same time producers of meat and meat by products, although they pay more for raw materials, they get better quality, more meat, and better economic effect. Customers are rewarded with better quality.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

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