Saluran Distribusi Pemasaran Asuransi

Product distribution is one of the marketing process's activities. Many product manufacturers do not sell to end users directly. This is due to the fact that cost distribution is typically the primary reason corporations do not sell items to end customers. The marketing channel is in charge of getting the product from the manufacturer (the insurance company) to the consumer/customer. This can overcome the owner of a product or service's isolation from the people who require it in terms of time, location, and property. This marketing channel, in reality, necessitates product marketing channel management in compliance with OJK standards. In addition, any rivalry that emerges in the marketing channel while selling insurance goods. As a result, the goal of this article is to go into detail about the marketing channels for insurance products in public marketing. Keywords: Marketing Channels, Distribution, Insurance

KERAGAAN AGROINDUSTRI BACANG AYAM EL SHADDAI FOOD MELALUI PEMASARAN KONVENSIONAL DAN ONLINE DI KECAMATAN PENJARINGAN, KOTA JAKARTA UTARA

This study aims to analyze the raw materials procurement based on six right components, standard cost, distribution channels, marketing margins, and the role of supporting services. This research uses a case study method at El Shaddai Food Agroindustry, Penjaringan District, North Jakarta City. The research data were collected in December 2019 to February 2020 and the data analyses method used were qualitative and quantitative descriptive analyses. The results showed that the six components of raw material procurement process had been done precisely. The standard cost of chicken bacang was less than the selling price so the business was profitable and the marketing channels consisted of two channels. Support services that have been utilized to the fullest were market and transportation.Key words: agroindustry, bacang, marketing, online, performance

Climate Change Policies and the Carbon Tax Effect on Meat and Dairy Industries in Brazil

This study analyzes the impacts of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the meat and dairy industries. To achieve this goal, the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database was used in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) setting, which allows for the inclusion of carbon taxes and the definition of four alternative environmental policies scenarios using both Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Global Temperature Potential (GTP) as GHG emissions measures. All scenarios analyze the main effects of carbon-based tax economic instruments on the industry and national production, trade, and emissions, comparing the results for different measures of GHG, GWP, and GTP from the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation System (SEEG) sectoral Brazilian emissions database. In contrast with other industries, relatively lower taxes on the meat and dairy industries seem to be the most adequate in terms of cost distribution in the Brazilian economic structure when only the GWP measure is considered. Urban activities and less-methane-intensive industries benefit from climate change policies designed using GWP-based rather than GTP-based carbon taxes. The article also highlights the importance of a gradual introduction of carbon taxes, allowing the most vulnerable industries a transition moment to adopt clean technologies and/or redirect economic activity to less-GHG-emitting segments.

Delving Into Thermoeconomics: A Brief Theoretical Comparison of Thermoeconomic Approaches for Simple Cooling Systems

Thermoeconomics combines the concepts of economics and thermodynamics to assess the cost formation process of thermal systems. It has great applicability in the allocation, optimization and diagnosis of product costs. However, some aspects need to be gathered and solved, to have common criteria for its implementation. That is precisely what happens with dissipative components, which are part of cooling systems being so that different criteria are given to evaluate their impact in the cost distribution. In this paper, the state of art regarding the application of thermoeconomics in simple cooling systems is briefly evaluated, by giving the main characteristic of each approach, resolving that there is no a common criterion on the subject of the treatment of dissipative equipment and, therefore, neither on the costs accounting. Therefore, this work compiles and compares the different thermoeconomics methodologies. Consequently, it aims to serve as a tool for the appropriate selection of the thermoeconomics methodology for the analysis of real cooling systems.

Why Economic Valuation Does Not Value the Environment: Climate Policy as Collective Endeavour

Economics takes an individualistic approach to human behaviour. This is reflected in the use of ‘contingent valuation’ surveys to conduct cost benefit analysis for economic policy evaluation. An individual’s valuation of a policy is assumed to be unaffected by the burdens it places on others. We report a survey experiment to test this supposition in the context of climate change policy. Willingness to pay for climate change mitigation was higher when richer individuals were to bear higher costs than when, as is usual, no explicit information was provided about cost distribution. This result is inconsistent with the usual interpretation of contingent valuation data. It also suggests that the data may be biased indicators of policy acceptance. Additional survey questions suggest that a collective mode of reasoning is common.

Determining the optimum medium voltage level by analysis of different voltage levels

Electric energy, which is the main input of the growing world economy, depending on the consumption of the rapidly increasing world population and the devices fed with this energy, have become more indispensable in our lives with each passing day. In the consumption of electrical energy, determining the voltage level plays an important role in planning distribution systems that will directly affect consumers. Distribution systems in our country have been established at different levels for technical and financial reasons. Incorrect choices that can be made during the determination of the voltage level in distribution systems may increase energy unit costs and network losses, and may cause insulation and reliability problems. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum voltage level in distribution systems. A pilot region was determined for a local electricity distribution network in our country, and modeling and analysis were carried out at different voltage levels in the region with the help of a numerical analysis program. According to the results achieved, Insulation and reliability problems at low voltages are few and economic in terms of investment costs, but it has been observed that the operating load and cost are high due to high network losses. In high voltages, although the operating burden and cost are relatively low, it has been observed that the investment costs are high and the isolation and reliability problems are high. Keywords: cost; distribution; investment; operating ;Voltage