238Pu/(239+240)Pu activity ratio as an indicator of Pu originating from the FDNPP accident in the terrestrial environment of Fukushima Prefecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kierepko ◽  
S.K. Sahoo ◽  
M. Hosoda ◽  
S. Tokonami ◽  
A. Sorimachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
Fdnpp Accident

scholarly journals Impact of typhoons on particulate and dissolved <sup>137</sup>Cs activities in seawater off the Fukushima Prefecture: results from the SOSO 5 Rivers cruise (October 2014)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Aoyama ◽  
Sabine Charmasson ◽  
Yasunori Hamajima ◽  
Celine Duffa
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
137Cs Activity ◽  
137Cs Activity Concentration ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Dissolved Form ◽  
134Cs Activity

Abstract. Cruise SoSo 5 Rivers took place during October 2014 off the coast of Fukushima Prefecture shortly after the passage of two typhoons. Detection of dissolved 134Cs and 137Cs in all samples reflected contamination caused by accidental releases of radiocaesium from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear power plant (FNPP1) accident. The dissolved activities were generally higher at coastal sites and decreased with distance from shore, and they were higher in the surface than in the bottom water. The tendency of 137Cs activities to decrease with distance from the coast reflected mixing of coastal water and open-ocean water of which 137Cs activity concentration was ~1.5 Bq m−3. At stations very close to the coast, we observed high particulate 137Cs activity concentration that exceeded dissolved 137Cs activity concentration. 137Cs activities were generally 1–2 orders of magnitudes lower in organic particles than in dissolved form, and the ratios of 137Cs activity concentration in organic particles to 137Cs activity concentration in dissolved form ranged from 0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.12 ± 0.01. The ratio of 137Cs to 134Cs activity concentrations in organic particles did not change with distance from shore or with 137Cs activity concentration and generally remained around 1, even in samples collected far from the coast. This pattern indicated that the organic particles had come from rivers or a source very close to the coast. The 137Cs / 134Cs activity ratio in dissolved form north of FNPP1 region was estimated to be 1.074 ± 0.015, a ratio that is in good agreement with the 137Cs / 134Cs activity ratio in the core of Unit 1 of the FNPP1 while the 137Cs / 134Cs activity ratio at Tomioka port which located south of FNPP1 was 0.998 ± 0.017. Therefore we can conclude the source of radiocaesium in seawater in the coastal region north of FNPP1 was deposited radiocaesium released from the core of Unit 1 of FNPP1, while the source of radiocaesium observed in the coastal region south of FNPP1 was a mixture of deposited radiocaesium released from the core of Unit 2 and the core of Unit 1 of FNPP1. During September–October of each year, the typhoon season in Japan, the 137Cs activity concentration generally increased at Ukedo port, Tomioka port, FNPP1, and Iwasawa beach, and showed a good relationship with the 7-day modified antecedent precipitation index (API) while there is less correlation between the modified API and 137Cs activity concentration near the outlet of canal from unit 5 and 6 of FNPP1 to the sea.

scholarly journals First isolation and analysis of caesium-bearing microparticles from marine samples in the Pacific coastal area near Fukushima Prefecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikaru Miura ◽  
Takashi Ishimaru ◽  
Yukari Ito ◽  
Yuichi Kurihara ◽  
Shigeyoshi Otosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Contaminated Area

AbstractA part of the radiocaesium from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident was emitted as glassy, water-resistant caesium-bearing microparticles (CsMPs). Here, we isolated and investigated seven CsMPs from marine particulate matter and sediment. From the elemental composition, the 134Cs/137Cs activity ratio, and the 137Cs activity per unit volume results, we inferred that the five CsMPs collected from particulate matter were emitted from Unit 2 of the FDNPP, whereas the two CsMPs collected from marine sediment were possibly emitted from Unit 3, as suggested by (i) the presence of calcium and absence of zinc and (ii) the direction of the atmospheric plume during the radionuclide emission event from Unit 3. The presence of CsMPs can cause overestimation of the solid–water distribution coefficient of Cs in marine sediments and particulate matter and a high apparent radiocaesium concentration factor for marine biota. CsMPs emitted from Unit 2, which were collected from the estuary of a river that flowed through a highly contaminated area, may have been deposited on land and then transported by the river. By contrast, CsMPs emitted from Unit 3 were possibly transported eastward by the wind and deposited directly onto the ocean surface.

scholarly journals The Knowledge and Awareness for Radiocesium Food Monitoring after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident in Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Kunii ◽  
Maya Fujimura ◽  
Yukako Komasa ◽  
Akiko Kitamura ◽  
Hitoshi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
Edible Wild Plants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Food Monitoring ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
The Government

On 11 March 2011, Japan experienced a massive earthquake and tsunami that triggered the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, resulting in the release of large amounts of cesium-134 and -137 into the atmosphere. In addition to the food radioactivity control in the markets throughout the country, radiocesium concentrations in locally grown foods were voluntarily inspected and the results were shown to the residents by the local government to raise their awareness of the internal radiation contamination risk from low knowledge in Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture. In this longitudinal study, local food products for in-home consumption were evaluated by seven different food radioactivity measuring devices in Nihonmatsu City from 2011–2017. Radiocesium was detected in local foods in Nihonmatsu City even six years after the FDNPP accident. The highest number of products tested was in 2012, with the number steadily decreasing thereafter. Most foods had contamination levels that were within the provisional regulation limits. As edible wild plants and mushrooms continue to possess high radiocesium concentrations, new trends in radioactivity in foods like seeds were discovered. This study highlights that the increased risk of radiation exposure could possibly be due to declining radiation awareness among citizens and food distributors. We recommend the continuation of food monitoring procedures at various points in the food processing line under the responsibility of the government to raise awareness for the reduction of future risks of internal exposure.

The impact and fate of fallout radionuclides by Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident in hydrological systems and post-accident environmental recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Onda ◽  
Keisuke Taniguchi ◽  
Kazuya Yoshimura ◽  
Yoshifumi Wakiyama
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident released the largest quantity of radiocaesium into the terrestrial environment since the Chernobyl nuclear accident. The surrounding land received 2.7 PBq of radiocaesium to forests, agricultural lands, grasslands, and urban areas, from which the radionuclides migrated through soil and waterways. In this presentation, the deposition and distribution of radionuclides, especially radiocaesium, in the terrestrial environment as a result of the FDNPP accident are discussed based on the past 10 years' intensive dataset. Anthropogenic activities such as rice and vegetable cultivation and residential activities in the upstream area have led to a rapid decline in the activity concertation of 137Cs of suspended sediment (SS) transport in the river network, and these declines directly control the dissolved 137Cs concentration in the river water. We outline the environmental and anthropogenic factors that influenced the subsequent transport and impacts of radionuclides through the environment. The environmental aftermath of the accident at Fukushima is compared to Chernobyl, and the relatively rapid remediation of the Fukushima region relative to the region surrounding Chernobyl will be explained.&lt;/p&gt;

Freezing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Cellular Dehydration ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Cell Cytosol ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Freezing is a widespread ecological challenge, affecting organisms in over half the terrestrial environment as well as both polar seas. With very few exceptions, if a cell freezes internally, it dies. Polar teleost fish in shallow waters avoid freezing by synthesising a range of protein or glycoprotein antifreezes. Terrestrial organisms are faced with a far greater thermal challenge, and exhibit a more complex array of responses. Unicellular organisms survive freezing temperatures by preventing ice nucleating within the cytosol, and tolerating the cellular dehydration and membrane disruption that follows from ice forming in the external environment. Multicellular organisms survive freezing temperatures by manipulating the composition of the extracellular body fluids. Terrestrial organisms may freeze at high subzero temperatures, often promoted by ice nucleating proteins, and small molecular mass cryoprotectants (often sugars and polyols) moderate the osmotic stress on cells. A range of chaperone proteins (dehydrins, LEA proteins) help maintain the integrity of membranes and macromolecules. Thermal hysteresis (antifreeze) proteins prevent damaging recrystallisation of ice. In some cases arthropods and higher plants prevent freezing in their extracellular fluids and survive by supercooling. Vitrification of extracellular water, or of the cell cytosol, may be a more widespread response to very cold temperatures than recognised to date.

scholarly journals Extraneous E-Cadherin Engages the Deterministic Process of Somatic Reprogramming through Modulating STAT3 and Erk1/2 Activity

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Yu-Hao Liu ◽  
Chien-Chang Chen ◽  
Yi-Jen Hsueh ◽  
Li-Man Hung ◽  
David Hui-Kang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Deterministic Process ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
E Cadherin

Although several modes of reprogramming have been reported in different cell types during iPSC induction, the molecular mechanism regarding the selection of different modes of action is still mostly unknown. The present study examined the molecular events that participate in the selection of such processes at the onset of somatic reprogramming. The activity of STAT3 versus that of Erk1/2 reversibly determines the reprogramming mode entered; a lower activity ratio favors the deterministic process and vice versa. Additionally, extraneous E-cadherin facilitates the early events of somatic reprogramming, potentially by stabilizing the LIF/gp130 and EGFR/ErbB2 complexes to promote entry into the deterministic process. Our current findings demonstrated that manipulating the pSTAT3/pErk1/2 activity ratio in the surrounding milieu can drive different modes of action toward either the deterministic or the stochastic process in the context of OSKM-mediated somatic reprogramming.

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