Nitrogenous and carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 and TSP during pre-monsoon: Characteristics and sources in the highly polluted mountain valley

To investigate the impact of burning postharvest crop residues in home stoves, PM2.5 samples (particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm) were collected every 3 h at a rural site in Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season in 2014. A high concentration of levoglucosan was observed with a peak value of 3.8 µg/m3 during the sampling period. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.18) at the rural site during a severe BB episode (levoglucosan > 1 μg/m3) was similar to burnings of pepper stems (0.19) and bean stems (0.18) whereas the average OC/levoglucosan ratio (9.9) was similar to burning of pepper stems (10.0), implying that the severe BB episode was mainly attributed to burning of pepper stems. A very strong correlation was observed between levoglucosan and organic carbon (OC) (R2 = 0.81) during the entire sampling period, suggesting that the emission of organic aerosols at the rural site was strongly associated with the burning of crop residues in home stoves. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.17 ± 0.06) in the rural area was similar to that in a nearby urban area in Daejeon (0.16 ± 0.04). It was concluded that crop residue burning in a home stove for space heating is one of the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols not only in a rural area but also in the urban area of Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season.

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Seasonal Abundance and Source Attribution of Carbonaceous Aerosols at Different Altitude of Mountainous Locations in Uttarakhand Himalaya

Aerosol Science and Engineering ◽

10.1007/s41810-021-00098-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amit Kumar ◽

Sachchidanand Singh ◽

Niraj Kumar ◽

Narendra Singh ◽

Krishan Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

Source Attribution ◽

Uttarakhand Himalaya

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Vertical Structures of Meteorological Elements and Black Carbon at Mt. Tianshan Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13071267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1267

Author(s):

Honglei Wang ◽

Ankang Liu ◽

Zhongxiu Zhen ◽

Yan Yin ◽

Bin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Carbon ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽

Vertical Structure ◽

Mountain Valley ◽

Vehicle System ◽

Aerial Vehicle ◽

Aerosol Number Concentration ◽

Vertical Changes ◽

Meteorological Elements ◽

East West

As the largest independent east–west-trending mountain in the world, Mt. Tianshan exerts crucial impacts on climate and pollutant distributions in central Asia. Here, the vertical structures of meteorological elements and black carbon (BC) were first derived at Mt. Tianshan using an unmanned aerial vehicle system (UAVS). Vertical changes in meteorological elements can directly affect the structure of the planet boundary layer (PBL). As such, the influences of topography and meteorological elements’ vertical structure on aerosol distributions were explored from observations and model simulations. The mass concentrations of BC changed slightly with the increasing height below 2300 m above sea level (a.s.l.), which significantly increased with the height between 2300–3500 m a.s.l. and contrarily decreased with ascending altitude higher than 3500 m. Topography and mountain–valley winds were found to play important roles in the distributions of aerosols and BC. The prevailing valley winds in the daytime were conducive to pollutant transport from surrounding cities to Mt. Tianshan, where the aerosol number concentration and BC mass concentration increased rapidly, whereas the opposite transport pattern dominated during nighttime.

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Substantial decreases of light absorption, concentrations and relative contributions of fossil fuel to light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols attributed to the COVID-19 lockdown in east China

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 116615

Author(s):

Yu-Chi Lin ◽

Yan-Lin Zhang ◽

Feng Xie ◽

Mei-Yi Fan ◽

Xiaoyan Liu

Keyword(s):

Light Absorption ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

East China ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols

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Six-year source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols from near-continuous measurements at SIRTA (Paris area, France)

10.5194/acp-2019-515 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yunjiang Zhang ◽

Olivier Favez ◽

Jean-Eudes Petit ◽

Francesco Canonaco ◽

Francois Truong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Source Apportionment ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Pronounced Increase ◽

Paris Area ◽

Multi Wavelength ◽

High Concentrations

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) particles are recognized as key factors influencing air quality and climate change. However, highly-time resolved year-round characterizations of their composition and sources in ambient air are still very limited due to challenging continuous observations. Here, we present an analysis of long-term variability of submicron OA using the combination of Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and multi-wavelength aethalometer from November 2011 to March 2018 at a background site of the Paris region (France). Source apportionment of OA was achieved via partially constrained positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine (ME-2). Two primary OA (POA) and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors were identified and quantified over the entire studied period. POA factors were designated as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). The latter factor presented a significant seasonality with higher concentrations in winter with significant monthly contributions to OA (18–33 %) due to enhanced residential wood burning emissions. HOA mainly originated from traffic emissions but was also influenced by biomass burning in cold periods. OOA factors were distinguished between their less- and more-oxidized fractions (LO-OOA and MO-OOA, respectively). These factors presented distinct seasonal patterns, associated with different atmospheric formation pathways. A pronounced increase of LO-OOA concentrations and contributions (50–66 %) was observed in summer, which may be mainly explained by secondary OA (SOA) formation processes involving biogenic gaseous precursors. Conversely high concentrations and OA contributions (32–62 %) of MO-OOA during winter and spring seasons were partly associated with anthropogenic emissions and/or long-range transport from northeastern Europe. The contribution of the different OA factors as a function of OA mass loading highlighted the dominant roles of POA during pollution episodes in fall and winter, and of SOA for highest springtime and summertime OA concentrations. Finally, long-term trend analyses indicated a decreasing feature (of about 200 ng m−3 yr−1) for MO-OOA, very limited or insignificant decreasing trends for primary anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols (BBOA and HOA, along with the fossil fuel and biomass burning black carbon components), and no trend for LO-OOA over the 6+-year investigated period.

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Environmental and toxicological assessment of nanodiamond-like materials derived from carbonaceous aerosols

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.446 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 679 ◽

pp. 209-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nazrul Islam ◽

Anjum Dihingia ◽

Prasenjit Manna ◽

Tonkeswar Das ◽

Jatin Kalita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

Toxicological Assessment

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Comparison of different analyzers for carbonaceous aerosols and application to field experiments.

Journal of Aerosol Science ◽

10.1016/s0021-8502(01)00141-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 1007-1016

Author(s):

Fabien Aulagnier ◽

Roland Sarda-Esteve ◽

Hélène Cachier ◽

Patrick Chazette

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols

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The effects of energy paths and emission controls and standards on future trends in China's emissions of primary air pollutants

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-14-8849-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 8849-8868 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Y. Zhao ◽

J. Zhang ◽

C. P. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Emission Control ◽

Pollution Prevention ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

Emission Controls ◽

Control Devices ◽

Anthropogenic Pollutant

Abstract. To examine the efficacy of China's actions to control atmospheric pollution, three levels of growth of energy consumption and three levels of implementation of emission controls are estimated, generating a total of nine combined activity-emission control scenarios that are then used to estimate trends of national emissions of primary air pollutants through 2030. The emission control strategies are expected to have more effects than the energy paths on the future emission trends for all the concerned pollutants. As recently promulgated national action plans of air pollution prevention and control (NAPAPPC) are implemented, China's anthropogenic pollutant emissions should decline. For example, the emissions of SO2, NOx, total suspended particles (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 are estimated to decline 7, 20, 41, 34, and 31% from 2010 to 2030, respectively, in the "best guess" scenario that includes national commitment of energy saving policy and implementation of NAPAPPC. Should the issued/proposed emission standards be fully achieved, a less likely scenario, annual emissions would be further reduced, ranging from 17 (for primary PM2.5) to 29% (for NOx) declines in 2015, and the analogue numbers would be 12 and 24% in 2030. The uncertainties of emission projections result mainly from the uncertain operational conditions of swiftly proliferating air pollutant control devices and lack of detailed information about emission control plans by region. The predicted emission trends by sector and chemical species raise concerns about current pollution control strategies: the potential for emissions abatement in key sectors may be declining due to the near saturation of emission control devices use; risks of ecosystem acidification could rise because emissions of alkaline base cations may be declining faster than those of SO2; and radiative forcing could rise because emissions of positive-forcing carbonaceous aerosols may decline more slowly than those of SO2 emissions and thereby concentrations of negative-forcing sulfate particles. Expanded control of emissions of fine particles and carbonaceous aerosols from small industrial and residential sources is recommended, and a more comprehensive emission control strategy targeting a wider range of pollutants (volatile organic compounds, NH3 and CO, etc.) and taking account of more diverse environmental impacts is also urgently needed.

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