scholarly journals The Judgment Bias Task: A flexible method for assessing individual differences in social judgment biases

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 337-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Axt ◽  
Helen Nguyen ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Judgment Biases

scholarly journals The Judgment Bias Task: A flexible method for assessing individual differences in social judgment biases

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Axt ◽  
Helen Nguyen ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Single Response ◽  
Social Biases

Many areas of social psychological research investigate how social information may bias judgment. However, most measures of social judgment biases are [1] low in reliability because they use a single response, [2] not indicative of individual differences in bias because they use between-subjects designs, [3] inflexible because they are designed for a particular domain, and [4] ambiguous about magnitude of bias because there is no objectively correct answer. We developed a measure of social judgment bias, the Judgment Bias Task, in which participants judge profiles varying in quality for a certain outcome based on objective criteria. The presence of ostensibly irrelevant social information provides opportunity to assess the extent to which social biases undermine the use of objective criteria in judgment. The JBT facilitates measurement of social judgment biases by [1] using multiple responses, [2] indicating individual differences by using within-subject designs, [3] being adaptable for assessing a variety of judgments, [4] identifying an objective magnitude of bias, and [5] taking six minutes to complete on average. In nine pre-registered studies (N> 9,000) we use the JBT to reveal two prominent social judgment biases: favoritism towards more physically attractive people and towards members of one’s ingroup. We observe that the JBT can reveal social biases, and that these sometimes occur even when the participant did not intend or believe they showed biased judgment. A flexible, objective, efficient assessment of social judgment biases will accelerate theoretical and empirical progress.

Is there a bias in spatial maze judgment bias tests? Individual differences in subjects’ novelty response can affect test results

2021 ◽  
pp. 113262
Author(s):  
Veridiana Jardim ◽  
Aurélie Verjat ◽  
Christophe Féron ◽  
Nicolas Châline ◽  
Heiko G. Rödel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Novelty Response

scholarly journals Reducing Social Judgment Biases May Require Identifying the Potential Source of Bias

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1232-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Axt ◽  
Grace Casola ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Social Judgment ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Social Bias ◽  
Total N ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Social Biases

Social judgment is shaped by multiple biases operating simultaneously, but most bias-reduction interventions target only a single social category. In seven preregistered studies (total N > 7,000), we investigated whether asking participants to avoid one social bias affected that and other social biases. Participants selected honor society applicants based on academic credentials. Applicants also differed on social categories irrelevant for selection: attractiveness and ingroup status. Participants asked to avoid potential bias in one social category showed small but reliable reductions in bias for that category ( r = .095), but showed near-zero bias reduction on the unmentioned social category ( r = .006). Asking participants to avoid many possible social biases or alerting them to bias without specifically identifying a category did not consistently reduce bias. The effectiveness of interventions for reducing social biases may be highly specific, perhaps even contingent on explicitly and narrowly identifying the potential source of bias.

scholarly journals Reducing social judgment biases may require identifying the potential source of bias

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Axt ◽  
Grace Casola ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Social Judgment ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Social Bias ◽  
Total N ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Social Biases

Social judgment is shaped by multiple biases operating simultaneously, but most bias-reduction interventions target only a single social category. In seven pre-registered studies (Total N > 7,000), we investigated whether asking participants to avoid one social bias impacted that and other social biases. Participants selected honor society applicants based on academic credentials. Applicants also differed on social categories irrelevant for selection: attractiveness and ingroup status. Participants asked to avoid potential bias in one social category showed small but reliable reductions in bias for that category (r = .095), but showed near zero bias reduction on the unmentioned social category (r = .006). Asking participants to avoid many possible social biases or alerting them to bias without specifically identifying a category did not consistently reduce bias. The effectiveness of interventions for reducing social biases may be highly specific, perhaps even contingent on explicitly and narrowly identifying the potential source of bias.

Self-control today, indulgence tomorrow? How judgment bias and temporal distance influence self-control decisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Wagner Junior Ladeira ◽  
Fernando Oliveira Santini ◽  
Diego Costa Pinto ◽  
Clécio Falcao Araujo ◽  
Fernando A. Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Short And Long Term

Purpose This paper aims to analyze how judgment bias (optimism vs pessimism) and temporal distance influence self-control decisions. This research also analyzes the mediating role of perceived control on judgment bias and temporal distance. Design/methodology/approach Three studies (one laboratory and two online experiments) analyze how judgment bias and temporal distance influence self-control decisions on consumers’ willingness to pay. Findings The findings uncover an important boundary condition of temporal distance on self-control decisions. In contrast to previous research, the findings indicate that individuals exposed to optimism (vs pessimism) bias display more self-control in the future and make choices that are more indulgent in the present. The findings also reveal that perceived control mediates the effects of judgment bias and temporal distance. Practical implications The findings help managers to adapt short- and long-term marketing efforts, based on consumers’ momentary judgment biases and on their chronic judgment bias orientation. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature on self-control and temporal distance, showing that judgment bias reverses previous research findings on self-control decisions.

scholarly journals Judgement Bias During Pregnancy In Domestic Pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily V Bushby ◽  
Sheena Cotter ◽  
Anna Wilkinson ◽  
Mary Friel ◽  
Lisa Collins
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Judgement Bias

In humans and rats, changes in mood and affect are known to occur during pregnancy, however it is unknown how gestation may influence mood in other non-human mammals. This study assessed changes in pigs’ judgment bias as a measure of affective state throughout gestation. Pigs were trained to complete a spatial judgement bias task with reference to positive and negative locations. We tested gilts before mating, and during early and late pregnancy, by assessing their responses to ambiguous probe locations. Pigs responded increasingly negatively to ambiguous probes as pregnancy progressed and there were consistent inter-individual differences in baseline optimism. This suggests that the pigs’ affective state may be altered during gestation, although as a non-pregnant control group was not tested, an effect of learning cannot be ruled out. These results suggest that judgement bias is altered during pregnancy in domestic pigs, consequently raising novel welfare considerations for captive multiparous species.

RACISM AND THE SOCIAL JUDGMENT PROCESS: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE USE OF STEREOTYPES

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Christiansen ◽  
Martin F. Kaplan ◽  
Chris Jones
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Negative Stereotype ◽  
Information Integration Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Judgment Process

Based on a framework suggested by information integration theory, this study examined how prejudice affects the use of stereotypes when forming social judgments. Participants reviewed applications for a minority scholarship and rated their liking for each applicant. Embedded in the applications were trait descriptions that varied in the amount, stereotypicality, and valence of the information provided. Evaluations by high-prejudice participants were more negative than those of low-prejudice participants only when the applicant was described by a single negative stereotype; when descriptions contained more information that was negative and stereotypic racism was not a factor. In addition, responses of both groups became more extreme when more traits were provided, especially when traits were positive. Taken together, the results suggest similarly negative predispositions toward minorities, with those of more prejudiced individuals requiring less negative stereotypical information to be activated. Future applications of methodology suggested by information integration theory in the study of racism are discussed.

The Effects of Immediate Context on Auditors' Judgments of Loan Quality

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. O'Reilly ◽  
Robert A. Leitch ◽  
Douglas H. Wedell
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Effect ◽  
Frequency Theory ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Assimilation Effect ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Commercial Loans ◽  
Loan Quality ◽  
Task Experience

This study examines whether auditors, when making a series of similar, independent judgments are non-normatively influenced by their earlier judgments. Two judgment biases are considered: contrast effect and assimilation effect. We conducted an experiment where experienced auditors classified a number of commercial loans based on collection risk. The auditors' judgments displayed a significant contrast effect, and range-frequency theory explains a significant portion of the variance in their judgments (Parducci 1965). The results suggest that auditors tended to use the range principle more than the frequency principle to classify loans. This bias has potential implications for audit practice. By comparing auditors to graduate accounting students we find evidence that task experience moderates the magnitude of the judgment bias.

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