Apparent digestibility, fecal particle size, and mean retention time of reduced lignin alfalfa hay fed to horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Grev ◽  
M.R. Hathaway ◽  
A.S. Reiter ◽  
C.C. Sheaffer ◽  
M.S. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Apparent digestibility, fecal particle size, and mean retention time of reduced lignin alfalfa hay fed to horses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M Grev ◽  
Marcia R Hathaway ◽  
Craig C Sheaffer ◽  
M Scott Wells ◽  
Amanda S Reiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Collection Phase ◽  
Fecal Collection

Abstract Reduced lignin alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has the potential to provide a higher quality forage source for livestock by improving forage digestibility. This study was conducted to evaluate apparent digestibility when feeding reduced lignin and non-reduced lignin alfalfa hay to adult horses, and to examine mean fecal particle size (MFPS) and mean retention time (MRT) between alfalfa forage types. In 2017, reduced lignin (‘54HVX41’) and non-reduced lignin (‘WL355.RR’) alfalfa hay was harvested in Minnesota at the late-bud stage. Alfalfa hays were similar in crude protein (CP; 199 g kg -1), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 433 g kg -1), and digestible energy (DE; 2.4 Mcal kg -1). Acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations were lower for reduced lignin alfalfa hay (74 g kg -1) compared to non-reduced lignin alfalfa hay (81 g kg -1). Dietary treatments were fed to six adult, stock-type horses in a crossover study. Experimental periods consisted of a 9-d dietary adaptation phase followed by a 5-d total fecal collection phase, during which horses were housed in individual boxstalls and manure was removed on a continuous 24-h basis. At 12-h intervals, feces were thoroughly mixed, subsampled in duplicate, and used for apparent digestibility and MFPS analysis. On day 2 of the fecal collection phase, horses were fed two indigestible markers, cobalt (Co) and ytterbium (Yb), which were fed as Co-EDTA and Yb-labelled NDF residue, respectively. Additional fecal samples were taken at 2-h intervals following marker dosing until 96-h post-dosing to evaluate digesta MRT. Data was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Dietary treatment (i.e., alfalfa hay type) was included as a fixed effect, while experimental period and horse were considered random effects. Dietary treatments were similar in dry matter intake (DMI; 1.6% BW) and time to consumption (TTC; 7.6 h). Apparent dry matter digestibility (DMD) was greater for reduced lignin alfalfa (64.4%) compared to non-reduced lignin alfalfa (61.7%). Apparent CP and NDF digestibility did not differ between dietary treatments, averaging 78% and 45%, respectively. Dietary treatments were similar in MFPS (0.89 mm) and MRT for both liquid (23.7 h) and solid (27.4 h) phase material. These results indicate an improvement in DMD for reduced lignin alfalfa hay when fed to adult horses, with no change in forage consumption, fecal particle size, or digesta retention time.

Effects of particle size on digestion of hay by sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fadlalla ◽  
R. N. B. Kay ◽  
E. D. Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryThe digestion and retention times of milled hay diets were first studied in three sheep fitted with rumen and abomasal cannulae. The hay was milled through 5, 20 or 40 mm screens. Solubility of dry matter (D.M.) in water and rate of loss of D.M. from hay in nylon bags suspended in the rumen increased with fineness of grinding. Apparent digestibility of D.M. within the gut tended to fall with fineness of grinding, as did mean retention time (MRT) of a particulate marker, [103Ru]phenanthroline ([103Ru]phen), within the gut and of [103Ru]phen and a liquid marker, [51Cr]EDTA, within the rumen. Dry-sieved abomasal particles were much smaller than particles of any of the hay preparations, most passing through a 0·6 mm screen.A second experiment was made on four other sheep, fitted with rumen cannulae and given a similar hay, chopped to 50 mm or milled through 2, 5 or 20 mm screens. Apparent digestibility of D.M. within the gut fell significantly with fineness of grinding, from 55% with the chopped hay to 46% with the 2 mm hay, as did MRT, from 45 to 40 h respectively. Rumen pH at 1 h after feeding decreased with fineness of grinding.In a third experiment, using the four sheep given chopped or 2 mm hay, retention times of particulate matter and of fluid in the reticulo-rumen and in the caecum-colon were measured. [103Ru]phen and [51Cr]EDTA were dosed together into either the rumen or the terminal ileum, and the rates of decline of marker concentration in rumen samples or faeces respectively were used to calculate the appropriate half times(t½). In the rumen particulate and fluid markers showed significantly shorter t½ values with the 2 mm hay (20·8 and 12·4 h, respectively) than with the chopped hay (25·9 and 15·6 h, respectively) without a significant difference in rumen outflow (0·437 and 0·492 l/h, respectively). In the caecum-colon the corresponding t½ values were 6·4 and 6·3 h, and 7·1 and 6·6 h, there being no significant difference either between markers or between diets.Samples of chopped hay and of 20, 5 and 2 mm hays were suspended in bags in the rumen of sheep given either chopped or 2 mm hay to eat. The fine hays lost D.M. more rapidly than the coarse hays but D.M. loss was slower when the sheep's diet was 2 mm hay that when it was chopped hay.It is concluded that three factors accounted for the effect of milling on digestibility: retention time in the reticulo-rumen, D.M. degradation rate in the rumen, and the potential digestibility of the hay preparation (asymptotic D.M. loss as measured in the rumen bag studies). It appeared that fine grinding reduced the digestibility of the hay because the effects of shortened MRT in reducing duration of digestion and of lowered rumen pH in depressing cellulolysis outweighed the effects of grinding in accelerating digestion and increasing potential digestibility within the rumen.

scholarly journals Mathematical modelling of digesta passage rate, mean retention time and in vivo apparent digestibility of two different lengths of hay and big-bale grass silage in ponies

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
H. J. Morrow ◽  
A. C. Longland
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Grass Hay

Welsh-cross pony geldings (about 300kg live weight) were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to determine the rate of passage and apparent digestibility of unchopped big-bale grass silage (BBL), chopped big-bale grass silage (BBS), unchopped grass hay (HL) and chopped grass hay (HS) offered at approximately 15g/kg live weight per d. On day 1 of collection weeks, ponies were fed 85g ytterbium chloride hexahydrate-marked feed 1·5h after the morning meal. Total faecal collections commenced 8h later and continued for 168h. Apparent digestibilities of feed DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP, N×6·25), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were also determined. Faecal excretion data were subjected to the models of Pond et al. (1988) and digesta mean retention time (MRT) calculated from these models and using the algebraic method of Thielmans et al. (1978). Silage had significantly (P<0·05) higher digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, ADF and NDF than hay; however, chop length had no effect. All the models of Pond et al. (1988) accurately described (R2>0·8) the pattern of faecal marker excretion. MRT of BBL (29·0h)>BBS(27h)>HS and HL (26h). Compartmental analysis using the G3 model of Pond et al. (1988) showed BBL and HS diets had longer MRT in the time-dependent compartment, whereas BBS and HL had longer MRT in the time-independent compartment. Results from this experiment indicate that BBL and BBS are readily accepted and digested by ponies. While Yb is a successful external marker for determining total tract MRT and for modelling faecal excretion curves in horses, the results did not allow any definite conclusions to be drawn on digesta MRT within the different compartments of the equid gut.

scholarly journals Rumen fermentation and retention time ofthe digesta in growing cattle ofthe breeds Black-White Dairy Cattle, Galloway, and Highland

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Voigt ◽  
W. Jentsch ◽  
S. Kuhla ◽  
H.-D. Matthes ◽  
M. Derno
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Digestive Process ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Growing Cattle

Abstract. The objectives of this study were to describe ruminal fermentation, mean retention time (MRT) ofthe particulate digesta in the whole gastrointestinal tract and the apparent digestibility of nutrients in growing cattle of the genotypes Black-White Dairy Cattle (B), Galloway (G), and Highland (H). Two experiments were carried out in bulls aged 11–12 months (mean weight 260 kg) or 9–10 months (mean weight 210 kg) at the beginning and fed diets varying in the nutrient composition and nutrition level. B bulls had a higher rumenoreticular volume, a higher MRT when fed a low nutrition level, a higher ruminal pH and a lower acetate/propionate ratio in the rumen than G bulls (P<0.05). In comparison with H bulls, rumen pH and MRT were higher (P<0.05) and the acetate/propionate proportion, NH,sub>3 level, and the protozoa number in the rumen were smaller in B bulls. The differences between genotypes in apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM) and crude cellulose were small. In some cases digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in B bulls as compared to G and H bulls. In B bulls, the digestibility of OM at 30 °C environmental temperature was 2 units lower than at 3 °C or 18 °C (P<0.05). The results show that B bulls implement a more efficient ruminal digestive process than do G or H bulls.

Effect of level of feeding a mixed ration of whole wheat grain and hay on the digestion of wheat grain by steers

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Toland
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
The Mean

The apparent digestibility of whole grain, proportion of grain voided in the faeces, retention time of whole grain and the rate of ingestion of the ration was measured for a mixed ration of 2/3 $whole wheat and 1/3 hay fed at 1 1/2 per cent and 3 per cent of mean liveweight to eight yearling steers in a cross-over design. Halving the level of intake of 3 per cent of the liveweight was accompanied by an increase in digestibility of grain dry matter from 53.8 to 68.3 per cent, a decrease in the proportion of grain voided from 31.6 to 19.6 per cent, a lengthening of the mean retention time from 31.9 to 52.3 hours and a reduction in the ingestion rate of the ration from 0.24 to 0.21 kg minute-1.

scholarly journals Influence of particle size and density on mean retention time in the rumen of dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 3010-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dufreneix ◽  
P. Faverdin ◽  
J.-L. Peyraud
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Mean Retention Time

scholarly journals Chewing Activity, Particle Size Distribution of Feces and Total Tract Mean Retention Time of Digesta in Horses Fed Timothy Hay or Silage

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto MIYAJI ◽  
Koichiro UEDA ◽  
Fumihiro YAMADA ◽  
Yasuo KOBAYASHI ◽  
Hiroshi HATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Chewing Activity

scholarly journals The effect of size and density on mean retention time of particles in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaske ◽  
W. V. Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
The Mean

The selective retention of particles in the reticulo-rumen and in the gastrointestinal tract distal to the reticulo-rumen was studied in fistulated sheep maintained on a roughage diet. Polyethylene glycol and plastic particles of different lengths (1 and 10 mm) and densities (092, 1.03, 1.22 and 1.44 g/ml) were either fed or were introduced into the omasum. The mean retention time in the reticulo-rumen (MRTRR) of 1 mm long particles with a density of approximately 1.0 g/ml was about 67 h, that is eight times longer than the MRTRR of fluid; the heavier particles were retained only three times longer than fluid. Particles with a length of 10 mm were retained in the reticulo-rumen 19–28 h longer than 1 mm long particles of the same density. Particles with a length of 10 mm were reduced to smaller particles (0.5–4 mm) due to rumination. Multiple regression analysis indicated that particle density and particle size accounted for 59 and 28% of the total variation of MRTRR respectively. The mean retention time distal to the reticulo- rumen (MRTGut) of 1 and 10 mm long particles with a density near 1.0 g/ml was 18–19 h, similar to that of fluid (16 h). The heavier particles were retained about 3–8 h longer.

Effect of forage to concentrate ratio on comparative digestion in sheep, goats and fallow deer

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramanzin ◽  
L. Bailoni ◽  
S. Schiavon
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractThree ewes, three female goats and three male fallow deer, aged between 7 and 12 months and weighing 24·0 to 32·2 kg, were used in this experiment to outline the main differences in digestion among the three species. Dietary treatments were three diets with three forage: concentrate ratios of 10: 90, 50: 50, and 90:10 and two different feeding levels (45 and 90 g/kg M0·75 per day). The three diets were given to the three animals of each species in a Latin-square design; the two levels of feeding were compared ivithin diet in each period of the Latin square. The diet selected, apparent digestibility, and rumen retention time of Cr-mordanted neutral-detergent fibre were significantly different among species and dietary treatments. Interactions between species and dietary treatments were also significant for all the above variables. Sheep showed the highest intakes and apparent digestibilities of the forage-rich diets, and the longest rumen mean retention times. Goats tended to select diet components, despite allowance of diets being limited, and had lower food intakes than sheep. Apparent digestibility of forage-rich diet was also lower. Rumen mean retention times were shorter and less influenced by dietary treatments. Fallow deer had an apparent digestibility of forage-rich diets which was even lower than that of goats. Food intake was similar to that of sheep, with no evidence of selection. Rumen mean retention time was shorter than that of goats.

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