scholarly journals The effect of size and density on mean retention time of particles in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaske ◽  
W. V. Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
The Mean

The selective retention of particles in the reticulo-rumen and in the gastrointestinal tract distal to the reticulo-rumen was studied in fistulated sheep maintained on a roughage diet. Polyethylene glycol and plastic particles of different lengths (1 and 10 mm) and densities (092, 1.03, 1.22 and 1.44 g/ml) were either fed or were introduced into the omasum. The mean retention time in the reticulo-rumen (MRTRR) of 1 mm long particles with a density of approximately 1.0 g/ml was about 67 h, that is eight times longer than the MRTRR of fluid; the heavier particles were retained only three times longer than fluid. Particles with a length of 10 mm were retained in the reticulo-rumen 19–28 h longer than 1 mm long particles of the same density. Particles with a length of 10 mm were reduced to smaller particles (0.5–4 mm) due to rumination. Multiple regression analysis indicated that particle density and particle size accounted for 59 and 28% of the total variation of MRTRR respectively. The mean retention time distal to the reticulo- rumen (MRTGut) of 1 and 10 mm long particles with a density near 1.0 g/ml was 18–19 h, similar to that of fluid (16 h). The heavier particles were retained about 3–8 h longer.

Coprophagy and Selective Retention of Fluid Digesta: Their Role in the Nutrition of the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus Peregrinus.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Chilcott ◽  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Nitrogen Requirement ◽  
Pseudocheirus Peregrinus ◽  
51Cr Edta ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ringtail Possum

In ringtail possums, Pseudocheirus peregrinus, fed a sole diet of Eucalyptus andrewsii foliage the mean retention time of the fluid marker 51Cr-EDTA in the gut (63 � 2 h) was longer (P< 0.002) than that of the particulate marker 103Ru-phenanthroline (35 � 2 h), indicating selective retention of fluid digesta in the caecum. In addition, the ringtail was observed to be coprophagic. The form of coprophagy was determined to be caecotrophy; hard faeces produced during the dark (foraging) phase were not eaten, but soft faeces produced during the light (resting) phase were taken directly from the cloaca. Soft faeces, collected when coprophagy was prevented by a plastic collar, were high in water and nitrogen content, and low in fibre relative to hard faeces. Coprophagy contributed 254 kJ.kg-0.75.d-� to total energy intake (equivalent to 58% of digestible energy intake), and 570 mg nitrogen per kg-0.75per day, twice the main- tenance nitrogen requirement. It was concluded that coprophagy was an important factor in explaining the ringtail possum's low requirement for nitrogen and its ability to subsist on a sole diet of Eucalyptus foliage.

scholarly journals Rumen parameters and passage rate in cattle fed diets based on sugarcane hydrolyzed with calcium oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2783
Author(s):  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
Mariana Magalhães Campos ◽  
Ana Luiza Da Costa Cruz Borges ◽  
Carlos Giovani Pancoti ◽  
Ricardo Reis e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Matter Basis

Nine non-lactating Holstein x Gyr cattle were fed with rations based on chopped sugarcane supplied in natura (control) or hydrolyzed (fresh matter basis) for 24 h with 1% or 2% calcium oxide (CaO), which corresponds to 3.1% or 6.2% CaO on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. Ruminal parameters (pH and ammonia N, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations) as well as the kinetics of fluid and particulate passage in the gastrointestinal tract from cattle were evaluated. A design using three 3 x 3 contemporaneous Latin Squares (LS) was adopted. The studies of kinetics of fluid and particulate passage were performed using the external markers cobalt-EDTA and chromium-mordanted-NDF, respectively. The ruminal parameters were analyzed according to a 3 x 3 LS replicated three times with repeated measures in time using mixed models that included the fixed effects of treatment (level of CaO), time of sampling and their interaction and the following random effects: LS, animal(LS), period of LS and period*animal (LS). The kinetic parameters of fluid and particulate passage were analyzed using mixed models with treatment as a fixed effect and period of LS, animal(LS) and LS as random effects. The linear and quadratic effects of the treatments were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts. Significant differences were declared at P ? 0.05. No treatment*time interaction was observed (P > 0.05) for any ruminal parameter. A linear effect (P = 0.0279) of CaO inclusion on ruminal pH was observed, but there were no effects (P > 0.05) of the treatments on the ammonia N, acetate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acid ruminal concentrations. There was a quadratic effect (P = 0.05) of the addition of CaO on the ruminal propionate concentration. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the treatments on the particulate rate of passage in the rumen as well as on the mean retention time in this compartment and in the total gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand, the addition of CaO to sugarcane promoted a linear increase (P = 0.0258) in the particulate post-ruminal passage rate and, consequently, a linear reduction (P = 0.0363) of the mean retention time in the cecum-proximal colon. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the sugarcane hydrolysis with CaO on the ruminal parameters of the kinetics of fluid passage (dilution rate, retention time and turnover rate). The addition of 3.1% or 6.2% CaO on a DM basis (1% or 2% CaO on a fresh matter basis, respectively) of sugarcane does not improve ruminal fermentation, nor does it increase the fluid or particulate passage in the rumen of non-lactating Holstein x Gyr cattle.

Assessment of the heterogeneous ruminal fiber pool and development of a mathematical approach for predicting the mean retention time of feeds in goats1

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. L. Regadas Filho ◽  
L. O. Tedeschi ◽  
R. A. M. Vieira ◽  
M. T. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Proposing an Endotracheal Tube Selection Tool Based on Multivariate Analysis of Airway Imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556131990039
Author(s):  
Yousef Aljathlany ◽  
Abdullah Aljasser ◽  
Abdullah Alhelali ◽  
Manal Bukhari ◽  
Mohammed Almohizea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: We aimed to comprehensively investigate different upper airway segments in adults, determine the predictors of the size of each segment, and identify an appropriate endotracheal tube (ETT) size chart. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: The data for patients aged >18 years who underwent neck computed tomography were screened. Patients with existing tumors, trauma, or any pathology that can alter the normal airway anatomy and those with intubation, tracheostomy, or nasogastric tubes were excluded. Computed tomography software was used to measure the anteroposterior diameter (APD), transverse diameter (TD), and cross-sectional area (CSA) at the glottic, proximal subglottic, distal subglottic, and tracheal levels. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of the airway size. Results: One hundred patients were reviewed. The TD was consistently smaller than or equal to the APD at each level in all but 3 patients. The mean CSA and TD (170 mm2 and 11.3 mm, respectively) of the glottis indicated that the glottis was most often the narrowest level, followed by the proximal subglottis where the mean CSA and TD were 192.1 mm2 and 12.7 mm, respectively. Moreover, the mean APD was the smallest at the level of the trachea (20.1 mm). Multiple regression analysis confirmed that height and sex were the predominant predictors of measurements for the 4 airway segments. In addition, age was associated with the TD and CSA of the distal subglottic and tracheal segments, respectively. Conclusion: One-third of our participants exhibited a proximal subglottic diameter that was equal to or smaller than the glottic diameter. Our findings also suggested that the height and sex of the patients are important variables for the selection of an appropriate ETT size.

Digestion and retention time of stained food in sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fadlalla ◽  
R. N. B. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oat Husk

SummaryThe suitability of stained food and [103Ru]phenanthroline-treated food as markers for measuring dietary retention time was examined in sheep. The digestibility of oat husk, assessed by incubation of samples contained in nylon bags in the rumen, was greatly depressed by staining with brilliant green, and slightly depressed by basic fuschsin. The latter effect appeared largely to be due to boiling rather than the stain itself.When milled hay treated with both basic fuschsin and [103Ru]phenanthroline was introduced into the rumen, the mean retention time estimated with the stain was about 40% longer than that estimated with [103Ru]phenanthroline.

Changes Over Time in the Determinants of Sport Commitment

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Carpenter ◽  
Tara K. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sport Commitment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes over time in the determinants of sport commitment would be related to predicted changes in commitment. Male and female (N = 103) high school soccer players completed surveys toward the middle and at the end of their regular season. A simultaneous multiple regression analysis indicated that commitment was significantly predicted by changes in involvement opportunities. Examination of the mean magnitude of changes in the determinants and corresponding changes in commitment using a series of correlated t-tests revealed significant effects for sport enjoyment and involvement opportunities. For those players whose sport enjoyment and involvement opportunities had declined, there was a corresponding decrease in their commitment. For those players whose involvement opportunities had increased, there was a corresponding increase in their commitment. Combined, these results provided support for a priori hypotheses regarding changes in the determinants of commitment over time and corresponding changes in commitment.

scholarly journals Retention time of chromium-labelled feed particles and of water in the gut of sheep given hay and concentrate at maintenance

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chopped Grass

1. Sheep were given a diet of 400 g chopped grass hay/d and 500 g crushed barley/d in three equal meals. The mean retention time in the whole gut (MRT) and the rumen retention time (RRT) of chromium-labelled feed particles and of water were estimated from marker concentrations in faecal samples.2. MRT of Cr-labelled hay (Cr-H), barley hulls (Cr-Bh), crushed peas (Pisum sativum) (Cr-CP) and rapeseed meal (Cr-RSM) were 53.5, 52.3, 44.3 and 37.0 h respectively when estimated from total faecal collections. The estimates obtained from spot samples of faeces were almost identical.3. RRT of Cr-H, Cr-Bh, Cr-CP, Cr-RSM (Expts 1, 2 and 3) and Cr-labelled cottonseed meal (Cr-CSM) was 35.9, 36.7, 25.3, 18.8, 19.8, 22.8 and 25.3 h respectively.4. The Cr-labelled feed particles showed marked variations in density in water (Dω). However, both MRT and RRT were closely related to Dω, (r—0.88 and —0.95 respectively).5. Rumen outflow rates of Cr-RSM in individual animals were related to the rumen outflow rates of water (r 0.76).

Multiple regression analysis of factors influencing dominant hand grip strength in an adult Malaysian population

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Hossain ◽  
R. Zyroul ◽  
B. P. Pereira ◽  
T. Kamarul
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
The Mean

Grip strength is an important measure used to monitor the progression of a condition, and to evaluate outcomes of treatment. We assessed how various physical and social factors predict normal grip strength in an adult Malaysian population of mixed Asian ethnicity (254 men, 246 women). Grip strength was recorded using the Jamar dynamometer. The mean grip strength for the dominant hand was 29.8 kg for men and 17.6 kg for women. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the dominant hand grip strength was positively associated with height and body mass index, and negatively associated with age for both sexes. Dominant hand grip strength was related to work status for men ( p < 0.05) but not for women. However, there was no difference in grip strength among ethnic groups.

Effect of fibre content in the diet on the mean retention time in different segments of the digestive tract in growing pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilfart ◽  
L. Montagne ◽  
H. Simmins ◽  
J. Noblet ◽  
J. van Milgen
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean
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