Presence of heavy metal resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates and analysis of resistance gene structure in E. coli E308

Anaerobic digestion is used for the treatment of animal manure by generating biogas. Heavy metals cause environmental pollutions and co-select for antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the impact of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure (CM), swine manure (SM) and poultry litter (PL) on the concentrations of seven tetracycline [tet(A), tet(B), tet(G), tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), and tet(W)], macrolide [erm(B)], methicillin (mecA and mecC), copper (copB, pcoA, pcoD, and tcrB) and zinc (czrC) resistance genes, and three bacterial species (E. coli, Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus). The total bacterial population and total abundance of the seven tet genes significantly increased in the three manure types after digestion. Concentration of tet(M) was strongly correlated with that of erm(B) and enterococci. As concentration of tetracyclines declined during anaerobic digestion, that of four tet genes (A, B, Q, and W) and 16S rRNA increased, that of tet(M) decreased, and that of tet(G) and tet(O) did not change. Concentrations of copB and pcoA did not change; while that of pcoD did not change in the PL, it increased in the SM and CM. While the concentration of enterococci remained unchanged in CM, it significantly increased in the PL and SM. Concentrations of tcrB significantly increased in the three manure types. While concentrations of S. aureus significantly increased in the CM and PL, that of SM was not affected. Concentrations of mecC significantly increased in all manure types after digestion; while mecA concentrations did not change in the SM, they significantly increased in CM and PL. While concentration of czrC remained low in the CM, it increased in the PL but declined in the SM. In conclusion, while mesophilic anaerobic digestion of animal manure decreased concentration of tetracyclines, it increased the concentrations of total bacteria, tet genes, E. coli, enterococci and S. aureus and methicillin resistance genes. It did not have any effect on concentrations of heavy metals; concentrations of heavy metal resistance genes either increased or remained unaffected depending on the animal species. This study showed the need for post-digestion treatments of animal manure to remove bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, heavy metals and their resistance genes.

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Heavy Metal Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Association With Disinfectant and Antibiotic Resistance

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.702725 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ghulam Raza Mustafa ◽

Ke Zhao ◽

Xueping He ◽

Shujuan Chen ◽

Shuliang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Pig Meat ◽

Cu Resistance

Metals are widely used in animal feed for their growth-stimulating and antimicrobial effects, yet their use may potentially promote the proliferation of antibiotic resistance through co-selection. We studied the prevalence and associations of metal, antibiotic, and disinfectant resistances of 300 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from pig meat, pig manure, chicken meat, poultry manure, and human stool from Sichuan, China. Seventy four percent of the 300 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were considered resistant to Cu, almost 50% to Zn and Cr, over 25% to Mn and Cd, and almost 10% to Co. Most of the isolates carried at least one heavy metal resistance gene (HMRG). The Cr-Zn-Cd-resistance gene czcD was carried by 254 isolates and the Cu-resistance genes pcoR and pcoC by 196 and 179 isolates, respectively. Most of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and almost 80% were multidrug-resistant. The prevalence of resistance to six antibiotics was higher among the pig meat and manure isolates than among other isolates, and that of streptomycin and ampicillin were highest among the pig meat isolates and that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin among the pig manure isolates. From 55 to 79% of the isolates were considered resistant to disinfectants triclosan, trichloroisocyanuric acid, or benzalkonium chloride. The metal resistances and HMRGs were associated with resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. Especially, Cu-resistance genes were associated with resistance to several antibiotics and disinfectants. The transfer of the Cr-Zn-Cd-resistance gene czcD, Cu-resistance gene pcoC, and Co-Ni-resistance gene cnrA into Escherichia coli and the increased Cu-resistance of the transconjugants implied that the resistance genes were located on conjugative plasmids. Thus, the excessive use of metals and disinfectants as feed additives and in animal care may have the potential to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection and maintain and promote antibiotic resistance even in the absence of antibiotics.

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Cloning, Expression, and Bioinformatics Analysis of Heavy Metal Resistance Gene afe_1862 from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans L1 in Escherichia coli

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-018-1462-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 189 (1) ◽

pp. 291-300

Author(s):

Feifan Leng ◽

Yuanli Li ◽

Wen Luo ◽

Qingwei Wei ◽

Yanjun Jing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽

Bioinformatics Analysis ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance

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Retromobilization of heavy metal resistance genes in unpolluted and heavy metal polluted soil

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00176.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 191-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eva M. Top ◽

Helene Rore ◽

Jean-Marc Collard ◽

Veerle Gellens ◽

Galina Slobodkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Polluted Soil

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Escherichia coli strains of chicken and human origin: Characterization of antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance profiles, phylogenetic grouping, and presence of virulence genetic markers

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.06.012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 ◽

pp. 150-155

Author(s):

Massimiliano Marazzato ◽

Marta Aleandri ◽

Maria Rosa Massaro ◽

Luca Vitanza ◽

Antonietta L. Conte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Genetic Markers ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Human Origin ◽

Phylogenetic Grouping

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Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Transfer of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Beef Cattle

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01511-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (16) ◽

pp. 5560-5566 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Seung Won Shin ◽

Min Kyoung Shin ◽

Myunghwan Jung ◽

Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe ◽

Han Sang Yoo

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

South Korea ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Tetracycline Resistance Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Tetracycline Resistance Genes

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and transferability of resistance in tetracycline-resistantEscherichia coliisolates recovered from beef cattle in South Korea. A total of 155E. coliisolates were collected from feces in South Korea, and 146 were confirmed to be resistant to tetracycline. The tetracycline resistance genetet(A) (46.5%) was the most prevalent, followed bytet(B) (45.1%) andtet(C) (5.8%). Strains carryingtet(A) plustet(B) andtet(B) plustet(C) were detected in two isolates each. In terms of phylogenetic grouping, 101 (65.2%) isolates were classified as phylogenetic group B1, followed in decreasing order by D (17.4%), A (14.2%), and B2 (3.2%). Ninety-one (62.3%) isolates were determined to be multidrug resistant by the disk diffusion method. MIC testing using the principal tetracyclines, namely, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline, revealed that isolates carryingtet(B) had higher MIC values than isolates carryingtet(A). Conjugation assays showed that 121 (82.9%) isolates could transfer a tetracycline resistance gene to a recipient via the IncFIB replicon (65.1%). This study suggests that the high prevalence of tetracycline-resistantE. coliisolates in beef cattle is due to the transferability of tetracycline resistance genes betweenE. colipopulations which have survived the selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobial agents.

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