Anaerobic Digestion of Tetracycline Spiked Livestock Manure and Poultry Litter Increased the Abundances of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes

Anaerobic digestion is used for the treatment of animal manure by generating biogas. Heavy metals cause environmental pollutions and co-select for antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the impact of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure (CM), swine manure (SM) and poultry litter (PL) on the concentrations of seven tetracycline [tet(A), tet(B), tet(G), tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), and tet(W)], macrolide [erm(B)], methicillin (mecA and mecC), copper (copB, pcoA, pcoD, and tcrB) and zinc (czrC) resistance genes, and three bacterial species (E. coli, Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus). The total bacterial population and total abundance of the seven tet genes significantly increased in the three manure types after digestion. Concentration of tet(M) was strongly correlated with that of erm(B) and enterococci. As concentration of tetracyclines declined during anaerobic digestion, that of four tet genes (A, B, Q, and W) and 16S rRNA increased, that of tet(M) decreased, and that of tet(G) and tet(O) did not change. Concentrations of copB and pcoA did not change; while that of pcoD did not change in the PL, it increased in the SM and CM. While the concentration of enterococci remained unchanged in CM, it significantly increased in the PL and SM. Concentrations of tcrB significantly increased in the three manure types. While concentrations of S. aureus significantly increased in the CM and PL, that of SM was not affected. Concentrations of mecC significantly increased in all manure types after digestion; while mecA concentrations did not change in the SM, they significantly increased in CM and PL. While concentration of czrC remained low in the CM, it increased in the PL but declined in the SM. In conclusion, while mesophilic anaerobic digestion of animal manure decreased concentration of tetracyclines, it increased the concentrations of total bacteria, tet genes, E. coli, enterococci and S. aureus and methicillin resistance genes. It did not have any effect on concentrations of heavy metals; concentrations of heavy metal resistance genes either increased or remained unaffected depending on the animal species. This study showed the need for post-digestion treatments of animal manure to remove bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, heavy metals and their resistance genes.

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Isolation and Molecular Identification of Virulence, Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8020079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chumisa C. Dweba ◽

Oliver T. Zishiri ◽

Mohamed E. El Zowalaty

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

South African ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Methicillin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens of humans and animals. Livestock production contributes a significant proportion to the South African Gross Domestic Product. Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence, virulence, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in livestock-associated S. aureus isolated from South African livestock production systems. Microbial phenotypic methods were used to detect the presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. Furthermore, molecular DNA based methods were used to genetically determine virulence as well as antibiotic and heavy metal resistance determinants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed 217 out of 403 (53.8%) isolates to be S. aureus. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was conducted to evaluate antibiotic resistance and 90.8% of S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to at least three antibiotics, and therefore, classified as multidrug resistant. Of the antibiotics tested, 98% of the isolates demonstrated resistance towards penicillin G. High resistance was shown against different heavy metals, with 90% (196/217), 88% (192/217), 86% (188/217) and 84% (183/217) of the isolates resistant to 1500 µg/mL concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) respectively. A total of 10 antimicrobial resistance and virulence genetic determinants were screened for all livestock associated S. aureus isolates. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified, by the presence of mecC, in 27% of the isolates with a significant relationship (p < 0.001)) with the host animal. This is the first report of mecC positive LA-MRSA in South Africa and the African continent. The gene for tetracycline resistance (tetK) was the most frequently detected of the screened genes with an overall prevalence of 35% and the highest prevalence percentage was observed for goats (56.76%) followed by avian species (chicken, duck and wild birds) (42.5%). Virulence-associated genes were observed across all animal host species. The study reports the presence of luks/pv, a gene encoding the PVL toxin previously described to be a marker for community acquired-MRSA, suggesting the crossing of species between human and livestock. The high prevalence of S. aureus from the livestock indicates a major food security and healthcare threat. This threat is further compounded by the virulence of the pathogen, which causes numerous clinical manifestations. The phenomenon of co-selection is observed in this study as isolates exhibited resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals. Further, all the screened antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes did not correspond with the phenotypic resistance.

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Response of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes to two different temperature sequences in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

pp. 303-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Hyun Min Jang ◽

Jangwoo Lee ◽

Sangki Choi ◽

Jingyeong Shin ◽

Eunsung Kan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Waste Activated Sludge

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Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9110826 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 826

Author(s):

Mohammad Tahir Siddiqui ◽

Aftab Hossain Mondal ◽

Firdoos Ahmad Gogry ◽

Fohad Mabood Husain ◽

Ali Alsalme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

New Delhi ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Yamuna River

Antibiotic resistance is one of the major current global health crises. Because of increasing contamination with antimicrobials, pesticides, and heavy metals, the aquatic environment has become a hotspot for emergence, maintenance, and dissemination of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes among bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the co-resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, and heavy metals among the bacterial isolates harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes. Among 73 bacterial strains isolated from a highly polluted stretch of the Yamuna River in Delhi, those carrying blaCTX-M, blaTEM, or blaSHV genes were analyzed to detect the genetic determinants of resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, mercury, and arsenic. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrS was found in 22 isolates; however, the qnrA, B, C, and qnrD genes could not be detected in any of the bacteria. Two variants of CMY, blaCMY-2 and blaCMY-42, were identified among eight and seven strains, respectively. Furthermore, merB, merP, merT, and arsC genes were detected in 40, 40, 44, and 24 bacterial strains, respectively. Co-transfer of different resistance genes was also investigated in a transconjugation experiment. Successful transconjugants had antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes with similar tolerance toward antibiotics and heavy metals as did their donors. This study indicates that the aquatic environment is a major reservoir of bacteria harboring resistance genes to antibiotics and heavy metals and emphasizes the need to study the genetic basis of resistant microorganisms and their public health implications.

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Presence of heavy metal resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates and analysis of resistance gene structure in E. coli E308

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

10.1016/j.jgar.2020.01.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 420-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shengzhi Yang ◽

Wenwen Deng ◽

Shuliang Liu ◽

Xiumei Yu ◽

Ghulam Raza Mustafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Gene Structure ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

E Coli

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Retromobilization of heavy metal resistance genes in unpolluted and heavy metal polluted soil

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00176.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 191-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eva M. Top ◽

Helene Rore ◽

Jean-Marc Collard ◽

Veerle Gellens ◽

Galina Slobodkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Polluted Soil

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Screening of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance among Proteus vulgaris isolates from hospital wastewater of Northern India

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352519666210308101621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Manzar Alam ◽

Mohd Imran ◽

Syed Sayeed Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics ◽

Transfer Frequency ◽

Resistance Patterns

Background: Microbial resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals is a rising problem in the world today. All the Proteus vulgaris isolates showed their MIC in between 50-1600 µg/ml. Of 70% and 46% of the isolates showed their MIC at 800-1200 µg/ml against Zn2+ and Cu2+ while 80% of the isolates showed their MIC at 100-200 µg/ml against Ni2+, respectively. All Proteus vulgaris isolates also exhibited multiple resistance patterns (2-7 heavy metals) in different combination of metals. The Multi metal resistance Index (MHMR) ranges were found (0.04-0.5). Methods: A high level of antibiotics resistance was observed against Methicillin (100%) and least to Oflaxicin (6%), Gentamycine and Neomycin (10%). All Proteus vulgaris isolates also showed multiple drug resistance patterns (2-12 antibiotics) in different combination of antibiotics. The MAR index ranges were found (0.02-0.7). Of 98%, 84% and 80% of the total isolates showed urease, gelatinase and amylase activity. Results: The Proteus vulgaris isolates contained plasmid of size ranging from 42.5 to 57.0kb and molecular weight of plasmids ranged from 27.2 to 37.0 MD. Incidences of resistance transfer, 7 pairs of isolates were assessed for the transfer of the antibiotic/ heavy metal resistance markers. The higher (4.4x10-1 and 3.4x10-1) transfer frequency was observed among antibiotic and heavy metal while lower transfer frequency were (5.0x10-2 and 1.0x10-2) showed against antibiotic and heavy metal in both the medium from the entire site tested, respectively. Conclusion: Indicating the high threat of environmental pollution and appearance of heavy metal resistance which may support the enlargement of resistance to antibiotics among the pathogens.

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A Review on the Resistance and Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Different Microbial Strains

10.5772/intechopen.101613 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Madhuri Girdhar ◽

Zeba Tabassum ◽

Kopal Singh ◽

Anand Mohan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Contaminated Sites ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Polluted Sites ◽

Pollution Accumulation ◽

Microbial Strains

Heavy metals accumulated the earth crust and causes extreme pollution. Accumulation of rich concentrations of heavy metals in environments can cause various human diseases which risks health and high ecological issues. Mercury, arsenic, lead, silver, cadmium, chromium, etc. are some heavy metals harmful to organisms at even very low concentration. Heavy metal pollution is increasing day by day due to industrialization, urbanization, mining, volcanic eruptions, weathering of rocks, etc. Different microbial strains have developed very efficient and unique mechanisms for tolerating heavy metals in polluted sites with eco-friendly techniques. Heavy metals are group of metals with density more than 5 g/cm3. Microorganisms are generally present in contaminated sites of heavy metals and they develop new strategies which are metabolism dependent or independent to tackle with the adverse effects of heavy metals. Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Cyanobacteria uses in bioremediation technique and acts a biosorbent. Removal of heavy metal from contaminated sites using microbial strains is cheaper alternative. Mostly species involved in bioremediation include Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species and some of bacillus species too in bacteria. Aspergillus and Penicillin species used in heavy metal resistance in fungi. Various species of the brown algae and Cyanobacteria shows resistance in algae.

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