Establishment of wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum translocation lines with resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 405-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Willem H.P. Boshoff ◽  
Zacharias A. Pretorius ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Thinopyrum Ponticum ◽  
Translocation Lines

Establishment and characterization of new wheat- Thinopyrum ponticum addition and translocation lines with resistance to Ug99 races

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 573-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Zacharias A. Pretorius ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Dingzhong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thinopyrum Ponticum ◽  
Translocation Lines

Physical mapping of the blue-grained gene(s) from Thinopyrum ponticum by GISH and FISH in a set of translocation lines with different seed colors in wheat

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Sumei Mu ◽  
Hanping Zhou ◽  
Zhensheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Thinopyrum Ponticum ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
Gish And Fish

The original blue-grained wheat, Blue 58, was a substitution line derived from hybridization between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, ABD) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum Liu & Wang = Agropyron elongatum, 2n = 10x = 70, StStEeEbEx), in which one pair of 4D chromosomes was replaced by a pair of alien 4Ag chromosomes (unknown group 4 chromosome from A. ponticum). Blue aleurone might be a useful cytological marker in chromosome engineering and wheat breeding. Cytogenetic analysis showed that blue aleurone was controlled by chromosome 4Ag. GISH analysis proved that the 4Ag was a recombination chromosome; its centromeric and pericentromeric regions were from an E-genome chromosome, but the distal regions of its two arms were from an St-genome chromosome. On its short arm, there was a major pAs1 hybridization band, which was very close to the centromere. GISH and FISH analysis in a set of translocation lines with different seed colors revealed that the gene(s) controlling the blue pigment was located on the long arm of 4Ag. It was physically mapped to the 0.71–0.80 regions (distance measured from the centromere of 4Ag). The blue color is a consequence of dosage of this small chromosome region derived from the St genome. We speculate that the blue-grained gene(s) could activate the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway of wheat.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Wheat-Agropyron cristatum Introgression Lines Induced by Gametocidal Genes and Wheat ph1b Mutant

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Alejandro Copete-Parada ◽  
Carmen Palomino ◽  
Adoración Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Induction Frequency ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
New Germplasm

The P genome of Agropyron cristatum Gaertn. contains many desirable genes that can be utilized as genetic resources to improve wheat. In this research, we used both the gametocidal chromosome 2Cc and the pairing homologous gene (Ph1b) mutant to induce structural aberrations and translocations between wheat and the 4P, 5P, and 6P genome chromosomes. By using the two approaches, a total of 19 wheat-A. cristatum translocations have been identified, in which 13 were induced by the Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) ph1b mutant (CS ph1b) and six were induced by gametocidal chromosome 2Cc from Aegilops cylindrica Host. The wheat-4P, -5P and -6P A. cristatum translocations were characterized by in situ hybridization and by a set of conserved orthologous set (COS) molecular markers. The aberrations included centromeric translocations, terminal translocations, dicentric translocations, and deletions. The average induction frequency of chromosome structural aberrations was 10.9% using gametocidal 2Cc chromosome and 8.8% using ph1b mutant. The highest frequency obtained was for chromosome 4P using both approaches. All the wheat-A. cristatum translocation lines obtained were valuable for identifying A. cristatum chromosome 4P, 5P, and 6P related genes. In addition, these lines provided genetic resources and new germplasm accessions for the genetic improvement of wheat.

Histological studies on host-cell necrosis conditioned by the Sr6 gene for resistance in wheat to stem rust

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1445-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
W. K. Kim ◽  
R. Rohringer ◽  
N. K. Howes ◽  
R. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Cell Necrosis ◽  
Calcofluor White ◽  
Histological Studies

Seedlings of resistant (Sr6) and susceptible (sr6) near-isogenic lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were inoculated with a race of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) that was avirulent on the line with Sr6 and they were kept at 19, 25, 26, and 27 °C. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect autofluorescing necrotic host cells and rust colonies after these were stained with a fiuorochrome (Calcofluor White M2R New).In leaves containing the Sr6 gene, a smaller percentage of colonies grown at 25 °C had necrotic cells associated with them than those that were grown at 19 °C. The incidence of colony-associated necrosis in these leaves could be further reduced by increasing the temperature to 26 °C and 27 °C. Similarly, the number of necrotic host cells per colony decreased with an increase in temperature. Colonies in genotypically resistant leaves were usually smaller than those in genotypically susceptible leaves, but the differences in colony sizes between these two lines decreased at the higher temperatures.When infected plants containing the Sr6 gene were kept for varying times at 25 °C and then were transferred to 19 °C, there was significantly less fungal growth and more necrosis than in plants kept continuously at 25 °C. This necrosis occurred largely in those cells that were invaded after the transfer to 19 °C, when the Sr6 gene was activated.

scholarly journals Seedling Stage Resistance of Iranian Bread Wheat Germplasm to Race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
Mehran Patpour
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Following emergence of Ug99, the new virulent race of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Africa, a global effort for identification and utilization of new sources of Ug99-resistant germplasm has been undertaken. In this study, we conducted replicated experiments to evaluate the resistance of Iranian wheat germplasm to the TTKSK lineage of the Ug99 race of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. We also evaluated for presence of stem rust resistance genes (i.e., Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr38, Sr39, Sr31, and Sr1RSAmigo) in wheat cultivars and breeding lines widely cultivated in Iran. Our phenotyping data revealed high levels of susceptibility to Ug99 in Iranian bread wheat germplasm. Our genotyping data revealed that Iranian cultivars do not carry Sr24, Sr26, or Sr1RSAmigo. Only a few salt-tolerant cultivars and breeding lines tested positively for Sr2, Sr31, Sr38, or Sr39 markers. In conclusion, the genetic basis for resistance to Ug99 in Iranian wheat cultivars was found to be vulnerable. Acquiring knowledge about existing resistance genes and haplotypes in wheat cultivars and breeding lines will help breeders, cereal pathologists, and policy makers to select and pyramid effective stem rust resistance genes.

VIRULENCE OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN POPULATION OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS PERS. F. SP. TRITICI

1970 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
Е. V. Gladkova ◽  
O. O. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
The North ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Wheat Lines

The aim of the study was to monitor the virulence of Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici in the North Caucasus.  The objectives of the study were to collect P. graminis infectious material from sown winter wheat varieties and evaluate the long-term dynamics of the pathogen virulence in the North Caucasus region in 2014-2019. As a result, an analysis of the virulence of the stem rust pathogen population of wheat collected in Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories, and Rostov Region was carried out. 81 mono-empty mushroom isolates were isolated and differentiated.  The genes Sr5, Sr31, Sr38 were characterized by high efficiency.  On the lines with the genes Sr7b, Sr8b, Sr9f, Sr9g, Sr10, Sr11, Sr12, Sr13, Sr14, Sr21, Sr22, Sr23, Sr26, Sr29, Sr32, Sr33, S35, Sr37, SrDp2, SrWLD, a variation in the virulence frequencies of P. graminis was observed.  Significant changes (in the direction of increasing occurrence) in the North Caucasian population 2014-2019  the pathogen was noted in the frequency of clones virulent to wheat lines with resistance genes Sr11, Sr21, Sr22, Sr26, Sr32, Sr33. A decrease in the frequency of clones virulent to Sr8b, Sr9g, Sr10, Sr12, Sr14, Sr35. At approximately the same level, the occurrence of clones virulent to the genes Sr6, Sr7a, Sr8а, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9e, Sr13, Sr15, Sr16, Sr17, Sr19, Sr20, Sr24, Sr25, Sr27, Sr30, Sr36, Sr39, Sr40, Sr44, SrGt, SrTmp. Effective genes that have shown their resistance to P. graminis in the seedling phase are proposed for use in breeding in southern Russia to create new varieties of wheat.

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