Role of the Ceramide-CD300f Interaction in Gram-Negative Bacterial Skin Infections

Abstract Background: Infections were the primary cause of death (34.3%-55.5%) in patients with pemphigus. Skin was usually the origin of infections. The study aimed to explore features and associated factors of bacterial skin infections (BSIs) in inpatients with pemphigus. Methods: One hundred and eighty-four inpatients with pemphigus visiting the dermatology department of Peking University First hospital during 2013 to 2019 were continuously recruited to study the characteristics and associated factors of BSIs.Results: Of patients enrolled, pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n=142) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n=9) were most common, followed by pemphigus erythematosus (PE, n=25) and pemphigus vegetans (Pveg, n=1). Eighty-seven of 177 (49.2%) inpatients developed BSIs, and they had a longer length of stay compared with inpatients without BSIs (median: 18.9 days vs. 14.1 days, p = 0.008). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria and highly resistant to penicillin (91.9%). Higher levels of anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies (>124.2U/mL) (p<0.001, odds ratio [OR]=3.564, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.784-7.123) and anti-Dsg3 autoantibodies (>169.5U/mL) (p = 0.03, OR=1.074, 95% CI: 1.084-3.969) were underlying risk factors of BSIs. As for Gram’s stain of bacteria, females had a lower rate of Gram-positive infections (p = 0.03). Patients systematically using of antibiotics (p = 0.05) had a higher rate of Gram-negative infections. Inpatients with history of hospitalization had a higher rate of Gram-negative and co-infections (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Inpatients with pemphigus had a high incidence rate of BSIs. High levels of anti-Dsg1 (>124.2U/mL) and Dsg3 autoantibodies (>169.5U/mL) might be underlying risk factors for BSIs.

Download Full-text

The role of bacterial skin infections in atopic dermatitis: expert statement and review from the International Eczema Council Skin Infection Group

British Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/bjd.18643 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 182 (6) ◽

pp. 1331-1342 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H. Alexander ◽

A.S. Paller ◽

C. Traidl‐Hoffmann ◽

L.A. Beck ◽

A. De Benedetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Skin Infection ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Infection Group ◽

Bacterial Skin Infections

Download Full-text

MED-12-2103-02

Terapevt (General Physician) ◽

10.33920/med-12-2103-02 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

O. Laknitskaya

Keyword(s):

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Traditional Treatment ◽

Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽

Recombinant Interleukin 2 ◽

Group A ◽

Bacterial Skin Infections ◽

Methods Of Treatment

Currently, one of the priority medical and social problems of medicine is to optimize the treatment of bacterial skin infections, in particular pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes-group A streptococcus. The traditional treatment complex, including antibacterial drugs used systemically or topically, selected taking into account individual sensitivity, the presence of pathognomonic microflora, is not always effective due to the increase in antibiotic resistance. Currently implemented methods of immunocorrection, taking into account changes in the immune status in this pathology, corresponding to the clinic of patients, are pathogenetically justified and can be effective. The use of immunomodulatory therapy requires a change in approaches to diagnosis, clarifying the role of factors of innate and adaptive immunity, intercellular mediators and the system of antioxidant protection, allowing to optimize the methods of treatment of this pathology. The use of recombinant interleukin-2 makes up for the lack of interleukin-2 in the blood serum of patients with streptoderma and contributes to the clinical recovery of patients.

Download Full-text

Topical Mupirocin in the Treatment of Bacterial Skin Infections

Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/106002808602001204 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 943-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jean Rumsfield ◽

Dennis P. West ◽

Iris K. Aronson

Keyword(s):

Eradication Rate ◽

Active Drug ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Dry Skin ◽

Topical Antibiotic ◽

Bacterial Skin Infections

Mupirocin is an investigational topical antibiotic used for treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial skin infections. Mupirocin differs from other antibiotics in its synthesis, structure, and mechanism of action. In vitro, mupirocin possesses antimicrobial activity against staphylococci, streptococci, Hemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Few studies comparing mupirocin to other topical antibiotics are available. Initial studies comparing mupirocin to inactive vehicle in the treatment of impetigo indicate an overall 92 percent pathogen eradication rate with active drug and 58 percent eradication rate with vehicle. Overall response to treatment of secondary skin infections was favorable in 91 percent of patients treated with mupirocin and 77 percent of those treated with vehicle. Although incidence is not greater than placebo, adverse effects have included pruritus, burning, dry skin, and erythema. Additional trials and clinical use should further help determine the role of mupirocin in the treatment of minor, primary, and secondary skin infections.

Download Full-text

Current and Emerging Topical Antibacterials and Antiseptics: Agents, Action, and Resistance Patterns

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.00112-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 827-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Deborah A. Williamson ◽

Glen P. Carter ◽

Benjamin P. Howden

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Topical Antimicrobials ◽

Bacterial Skin Infections ◽

Topical Antimicrobial ◽

Potential Use

SUMMARYBacterial skin infections represent some of the most common infectious diseases globally. Prevention and treatment of skin infections can involve application of a topical antimicrobial, which may be an antibiotic (such as mupirocin or fusidic acid) or an antiseptic (such as chlorhexidine or alcohol). However, there is limited evidence to support the widespread prophylactic or therapeutic use of topical agents. Challenges involved in the use of topical antimicrobials include increasing rates of bacterial resistance, local hypersensitivity reactions (particularly to older agents, such as bacitracin), and concerns about the indiscriminate use of antiseptics potentially coselecting for antibiotic resistance. We review the evidence for the major clinical uses of topical antibiotics and antiseptics. In addition, we review the mechanisms of action of common topical agents and define the clinical and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in these agents. Moreover, we review the potential use of newer and emerging agents, such as retapamulin and ebselen, and discuss the role of antiseptic agents in preventing bacterial skin infections. A comprehensive understanding of the clinical efficacy and drivers of resistance to topical agents will inform the optimal use of these agents to preserve their activity in the future.

Download Full-text

Features and associated factors of bacterial skin infections in hospitalized patients with pemphigus: a single-center retrospective study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37433/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Furong Li ◽

Yejun Wu ◽

Wenjie Bian ◽

Lei Huang ◽

Xuejun Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽

Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Peking University ◽

Binary Regression Analysis ◽

Bacterial Skin Infections

Abstract Background: Infections were the primary cause of death (34.3%-55.5%) in patients with pemphigus. Skin was usually the origin of infections. The study aimed to explore features and associated factors of bacterial skin infections (BSIs) in inpatients with pemphigus. Methods: One hundred and eighty-four inpatients with pemphigus hospitalizing from November 2014 to April 2019 were continuously recruited through Peking University First Hospital’s inpatient records. Then, we retrieved the clinical and laboratory data to explore the characteristics and associated factors of BSIs.Results: Of patients enrolled, pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n=142) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n=9) were most common, followed by pemphigus erythematosus (PE, n=25) and pemphigus vegetans (Pveg, n=1). Eighty-seven of 177 (49.2%) inpatients developed BSIs, and they had a longer length of stay compared with inpatients without BSIs (median: 18.9 days vs. 14.1 days, p = 0.008). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria(71.3%, 62/87) and highly resistant to penicillin (91.9%, 57/62). Higher levels of anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies (>124.2U/mL) (p<0.001, odds ratio [OR]=3.564, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.784-7.123) and anti-Dsg3 autoantibodies (>169.5U/mL) (p = 0.03, OR=1.074, 95% CI: 1.084-3.969) were underlying risk factors of BSIs when analyzed by binary regression analysis. As for Gram’s stain of bacteria, females had a lower rate of Gram-positive infections (p = 0.03). Patients using oral antibiotics (p = 0.05) had a higher rate of Gram-negative infections. Inpatients who were hospitalized in other hospitals within two weeks before the current admission had a higher rate of Gram-negative and co-infections (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Inpatients with pemphigus had a high incidence of BSIs. Some factors were associated with the susceptibility of BSIs and bacterial species.

Download Full-text

Potential role of tedizolid phosphate in the treatment of acute bacterial skin infections

Drug Design Development and Therapy ◽

10.2147/dddt.s30728 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 243 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Santiago Grau ◽

Olivia Ferrández ◽

Olatz Urbina ◽

Mercè Espona ◽

Esther Salas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Bacterial Skin Infections

Download Full-text

Features and associated factors of bacterial skin infections in hospitalized patients with pemphigus: a single-center retrospective study

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ◽

10.1186/s12941-020-00388-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Furong Li ◽

Yejun Wu ◽

Wenjie Bian ◽

Lei Huang ◽

Xuejun Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽

Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Peking University ◽

Binary Regression Analysis ◽

Bacterial Skin Infections

Abstract Background Infections were the primary cause of death (34.3–55.5%) in patients with pemphigus. Skin was usually the origin of infections. The study aimed to explore features and associated factors of bacterial skin infections (BSIs) in inpatients with pemphigus. Methods One hundred and seventy-seven inpatients with pemphigus hospitalizing from November 2014 to April 2019 were continuously recruited through Peking University First Hospital’s inpatient records inpatients with pemphigus hospitalizing from November 2014 to April 2019 were continuously recruited through Peking University First Hospital’s inpatient records. Then, we retrieved the clinical and laboratory data to explore the characteristics and associated factors of BSIs. Results Of patients enrolled, pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n = 142) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n = 9) were most common, followed by pemphigus erythematosus (PE, n = 25) and pemphigus vegetans (Pveg, n = 1). Eighty-seven of 177 (49.2%) inpatients developed BSIs, and they had a longer length of stay compared with inpatients without BSIs (median: 18.9 vs. 14.1 days, p = 0.008). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria (71.3%, 62/87) and highly resistant to penicillin (91.9%, 57/62). Higher levels of anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies (> 124.2 U/mL) (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 3.564, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.784–7.123) and anti-Dsg3 autoantibodies (> 169.5 U/mL) (p = 0.03, OR = 2.074, 95% CI: 1.084–3.969) were underlying risk factors of BSIs when analyzed by binary regression analysis. As for Gram’s stain of bacteria, females had a lower rate of Gram-positive infections (p = 0.03). Patients using oral antibiotics (p = 0.05) had a higher rate of Gram-negative infections. Inpatients who were hospitalized in other hospitals within 2 weeks before the current admission had a higher rate of Gram-negative and co-infections (p = 0.03). Conclusions Inpatients with pemphigus had a high incidence of BSIs. Some factors were associated with the susceptibility of BSIs and bacterial species.

Download Full-text

Illuminating the Role of Vitamin A in Skin Innate Immunity and the Skin Microbiome: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 302

Author(s):

Fritzlaine C. Roche ◽

Tamia A. Harris-Tryon

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽

Skin Immunity ◽

Impaired Immune Response ◽

Increased Susceptibility

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in skin immunity. Deficiencies in Vitamin A have been linked to impaired immune response and increased susceptibility to skin infections and inflammatory skin disease. This narrative review summarizes recent primary evidence that elucidates the role of vitamin A and its derivatives on innate immune regulators through mechanisms that promote skin immunity and sustain the skin microbiome.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential of selected ethno medicinal plants used for skin infections in Uganda

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-021-00342-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jane Namukobe ◽

Peter Sekandi ◽

Robert Byamukama ◽

Moses Murungi ◽

Jennifer Nambooze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Sun Protection ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Double Beam ◽

Protection Potential ◽

Bacterial Skin Infections

Abstract Background Rural populations in Uganda rely heavily on medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial skin infections. However, the efficacy of these medicinal plants for their pharmacological action is not known. The study aimed at evaluating the antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential of Spermacoce princeae, Psorospermum febrifugum, Plectranthus caespitosus, and Erlangea tomentosa extracts. Methods The plant samples were extracted by maceration sequentially using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. Antibacterial activity of each extract was carried out using an agar well diffusion assay against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonie, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella typhi. Acute dermal toxicity of the aqueous extract of S. princeae and P. febrifugum, and E. tomentosa was assessed in young adult healthy Wistar albino rats at a dose of 8000 and 10,000 mg/kg body weight. The antioxidant activity of each extract was carried out using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The sun protection factor was determined using Shimadzu UltraViolet-Visible double beam spectrophotometer between 290 and 320 nm. Results The plant extracts showed good antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 3.12 and 12.5 mg/ml. There was no significant change in the levels of creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the rats even at a higher dose of 10,000 mg/kg, which was related to the results of biochemical analysis of the blood samples from the treated and control groups. The aqueous and methanol extracts of S. princeae showed potential antioxidant properties, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 59.82 and 61.20 μg/ml respectively. The organic and aqueous extracts of P. caespitosus showed high levels of protection against Ultraviolet light with sun protection potential values ranging between 30.67 and 37.84. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the selected medicinal plants possessed good antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection properties. Therefore, the plants are alternative sources of antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection agents in managing bacterial skin infections.

Download Full-text