scholarly journals Antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential of selected ethno medicinal plants used for skin infections in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Namukobe ◽  
Peter Sekandi ◽  
Robert Byamukama ◽  
Moses Murungi ◽  
Jennifer Nambooze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Protection Potential ◽  
Bacterial Skin Infections

Abstract Background Rural populations in Uganda rely heavily on medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial skin infections. However, the efficacy of these medicinal plants for their pharmacological action is not known. The study aimed at evaluating the antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential of Spermacoce princeae, Psorospermum febrifugum, Plectranthus caespitosus, and Erlangea tomentosa extracts. Methods The plant samples were extracted by maceration sequentially using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. Antibacterial activity of each extract was carried out using an agar well diffusion assay against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonie, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella typhi. Acute dermal toxicity of the aqueous extract of S. princeae and P. febrifugum, and E. tomentosa was assessed in young adult healthy Wistar albino rats at a dose of 8000 and 10,000 mg/kg body weight. The antioxidant activity of each extract was carried out using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The sun protection factor was determined using Shimadzu UltraViolet-Visible double beam spectrophotometer between 290 and 320 nm. Results The plant extracts showed good antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 3.12 and 12.5 mg/ml. There was no significant change in the levels of creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the rats even at a higher dose of 10,000 mg/kg, which was related to the results of biochemical analysis of the blood samples from the treated and control groups. The aqueous and methanol extracts of S. princeae showed potential antioxidant properties, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 59.82 and 61.20 μg/ml respectively. The organic and aqueous extracts of P. caespitosus showed high levels of protection against Ultraviolet light with sun protection potential values ranging between 30.67 and 37.84. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the selected medicinal plants possessed good antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection properties. Therefore, the plants are alternative sources of antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection agents in managing bacterial skin infections.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Oral and Skin Infections in Ebem-Ohafia District, Abia State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Blessing O. Oyedemi ◽  
Sunday O. Oyedemi ◽  
Johnson V. Chibuzor ◽  
Ifeoma I. Ijeh ◽  
Roger M. Coopoosamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Oral and skin infections contribute significantly to the global health challenges responsible for the current trend of increased morbidity and premature death. The purpose of this study was to document medicinal plants used in the management of oral and skin infections in Ebem-Ohafia Local Government Area (LGA), Abia State, and to characterize the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) profiling of ten of the selected folklore medicine was carried out using a various solvent system of different polarity index. The antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was evaluated using chemical-based methods, and its antibacterial effect was investigated using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Sixty-one plant species belonging to 26 families were discovered, and the most frequently cited species are Euphorbiaceae (18.03%), Fabaceae (11.47%), and Asteraceae (11.47%). All the plant extracts showed a promising free radical scavenging activity and efficient ferric reducing antioxidant power in a concentration-dependent manner possibly due to their richness in polyphenol with TLC profiling showing maximum three bands of phytochemicals. Also, the plant extracts exhibited a mild to weak antibacterial activity against our panel of bacterial strains having MIC values ranging from 256 to > 512 μg/ mL reflected in their zone of inhibition at 10 μg/disc. The data obtained for Breynia nivosa (BN), Eleusine indica (EI), Cassia alata (CA), Chromolaena odorata (CO), and Acalypha hispida (AH) extracts substantiate the traditional use of these herbal remedies in the region and open the possibility for the development of cheaper and affordable drugs in the treatment of oral and skin infections. Further studies are needed to identify active ingredient with strong antibacterial and antioxidant capacities along with their molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF METHANOL EXTRACTS FROM GARCINIA LATISSIMA MIQ. LEAVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Amarila Malik ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi ◽  
Hanita Omar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify fractions with the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and to determineantioxidant activities and establish the chromatographic fractions as candidate antibacterial and antioxidant agents.Methods: Extracts were fractionated using column chromatography, and antibacterial activities were assayed by the analyses of inhibition zones andbioautography, as well as by broth microdilution techniques. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)assay.Results: The strongest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (ATCC 6633) was observed with fractions B and C obtained in this research, witha minimum inhibitory concentration value of 312.5 μg/mL. The effective percentage (EP) value of crude extract at 10 μg/mL was 29.47±2.01%.Fractions C and D had greater EP values than the crude extract, whereas fraction D had the highest scavenging activity against DPPH free radicals(37.73±1.44%) when used at 10 μg/mL. The half effective concentration of the extract was 23.40 μg/mL, whereas that of the most active fraction Dwas 19.38 μg/mL and quercetin as positive control was 3.72 μg/mL.Conclusion: The present data confirm that fractions of methanol extract from Garcinia latissima Miq. leaves possess antibacterial and antioxidantactivities. These observations may facilitate the development of antimicrobial phytomedicines with a wide spectrum of activities and standardizedantioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Shrimita Shresta ◽  
Sudip Bhandari ◽  
Babita Aryal ◽  
Bishnu P. Marasini ◽  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Acacia Catechu

Medicinal plants are important reservoirs of bioactive compounds that need to be explored systematically. Because of their chemical diversity, natural products provide limitless possibilities for new drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical properties of crude extracts from fifteen Nepalese medicinal plants. The total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity were evaluated through a colorimetric approach while the antibacterial activities were studied through the measurement of the zone of inhibition (ZoI) by agar well diffusion method along with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) by broth dilution method. The methanolic extracts of Acacia catechu and Eupoterium adenophorum showed the highest TPC (55.21 ± 11.09 mg GAE/gm) and TFC (10.23 ± 1.07 mg QE/gm) among the studied plant extracts. Acacia catechu showed effective antioxidant properties with an IC50 value of 1.3 μg/mL, followed by extracts of Myrica esculenta, Syzygium cumini, and Mangifera indica. Morus australis exhibited antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ZoI: 25mm, MIC: 0.012 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (ZoI: 22 mm, MIC: 0.012 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZoI; 20 mm, MIC: 0.05 mg/mL), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ZoI: 19 mm, MIC: 0.19 mg/mL). Morus australis extract showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, followed by Eclipta prostrata, and Hypericum cordifolium. Future study is recommended to explore secondary metabolites of those medicinal plants to uncover further clinical efficacy.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Antibacterial Polyherbal Bath Soap

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Seema U. Shinde ◽  
Nikita D. Gidde ◽  
Jamir. A. Tamboli
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Ongoing Care ◽  
Bacterial Skin Infections ◽  
Herbal Plant

Bacterial skin infections are the most prevalent among individuals, necessitating immediate treatment as well as ongoing care to preserve healthy skin. Because some herbal plant extracts have antibacterial properties, the goal of this research is to make an antibacterial poly herbal bath soap using curcuma longa[Turmeric] and Organum Vulgare [Oregano The antibacterial activity of prepared soap was evaluated against staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Aspergillus Niger using the agar well diffusion technique. The developed Polyherbal formulation had a good antibacterial activity, and it was analysed for several physicochemical parameters and whether it has good characteristics. Plants are easily obtainable, and their efficacy helps manufacturers in achieving cost-effective outcomes with few or no side effects.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Herbal Soap

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seetha Devi Dr.A. ◽  
Sivani D.V. ◽  
Anusha D. ◽  
Sarath G. ◽  
Syed Meraj Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Bacterial Skin Infections ◽  
Herbal Plant ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Bacterial Effect ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Bacterial skin infections are most common amongst people, requiring significant attention for treatment and also for maintaining healthy skin. Some herbal plant extracts and their oils were found to have antibacterial activity. The aim and objective of the present study are to formulate and evaluate anti-bacterial herbal soap using Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum oils. The antibacterial activity of the prepared formulations was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the organisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and, Escherichia coli and they exhibited a good anti-bacterial effect. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters for which good characteristics were observed. The easy availability of plants and their effectiveness helps manufacturers with cost-effective benefits and with less or no side effects.

scholarly journals Bacterial Skin Infections in Livestock and Plant-Based Alternatives to Their Antibiotic Treatment

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2473
Author(s):  
Lucie Mala ◽  
Klara Lalouckova ◽  
Eva Skrivanova
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Bacterial Skin Infections

Due to its large surface area, the skin is susceptible to various injuries, possibly accompanied by the entrance of infective agents into the body. Commensal organisms that constitute the skin microbiota play important roles in the orchestration of cutaneous homeostasis and immune competence. The opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is present as part of the normal biota of the skin and mucous membranes in both humans and animals, but can cause disease when it invades the body either due to trauma or because of the impaired immune response of the host. Colonization of livestock skin by S. aureus is a precursor for majority of bacterial skin infections, which range from boils to sepsis, with the best-characterized being bovine mastitis. Antibiotic treatment of these infections can contribute to the promotion of resistant bacterial strains and even to multidrug resistance. The development of antibiotic resistance to currently available antibiotics is a worldwide problem. Considering the increasing ability of bacteria to effectively resist antibacterial agents, it is important to reduce the livestock consumption of antibiotics to preserve antibiotic effectiveness in the future. Plants are recognized as sources of various bioactive substances, including antibacterial activity towards clinically important microorganisms. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the major groups of phytochemicals with antibacterial activity and their modes of action. It also provides a list of currently known and used plant species aimed at treating or preventing bacterial skin infections in livestock.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Four Species of the Lamiaceae Family

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalva Paulus ◽  
Luana Aline Luchesi ◽  
Cleverson Busso ◽  
Marcela Tostes Frata ◽  
Paula Juliane Barbosa de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris

Aims: The biological properties of essential oils represent possible therapeutic alternatives, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and application in many areas of the industry. The objective was to determine the yield, chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia, Pogostemon cablin, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the microbiology laboratory of the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil, in the period between June 2016 to May 2017. Methodology: The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity was determined by microdilution in broth, showing minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH). Results: The average yields of essential oils from L. angustifolia, P. cablin, R. officinalis,and  T. vulgaris were (%) 0.85; 2.0; 1.20, and 1.19, respectively. The major components of lavender essential oil were linalyl acetate (40.1%) and linalool (35.2%); for P. cablin - patchoulol (31.5%), seichelene (13.6%) and α-bulnesene (15.6%); for rosemary - camphor (32.5%), 1.8-cineole (13.6%) and α-pinene (9.8); for T. vulgaris - thymol (47%), o-scimene (21.6%), and carvacrol (11.4%). Thyme oil showed the best results for antibacterial activity, and low values (0.195 µL mL-1) of minimum inhibitory concentration were needed to inhibit S. aureus and S. enteritidis, and for L. angustifolia, P. cablin, and R. officinalis higher concentrations of essential oil were required. The essential oils of P. cablin and T. vulgaris had the strongest antioxidant properties (12.08 and 10.2 µmol trolox mL−1). Conclusion: The essential oils evaluated have an inhibitory effect on the microorganisms under study and also interesting antioxidant activity, which could be used by medicine to control bacterial infections, with potential application as natural food preservatives and as nutraceuticals.

Effects of Dihydroquercetin on Behavior of Albino Rat Offspring with Transgenerational Chemical Body Burden

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
E.A. Kapustina ◽  
L.G. Lisetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring

Introduction. Lead pollution is a common environmental problem. Having no physiological functions, this toxicant has a negative polytropic impact on a body, including neurotoxic, reproductive, and transgenerational effects. The mechanism of lead toxicity is oxidative stress. Flavonoids have active antioxidant properties. They are widely represented in plant foods, are able to restore protective capabilities of cells and have chelating properties with respect to lead. One of the representatives of this group of substances is dihydroquercetin. The objective was to study the effect of dihydroquercetin on behavior of rats with hereditary chemical body burden exposed to lead at 60 mg/kg during 25 days. Materials and methods. We studied the behavior of rat offspring in an open field and established their blood lead levels by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. For statistical processing the U-Mann – Whitney test was used. Results. In the present experiment, the effect of lead on the offspring of male albino rats exposed to 60 mg/kg of lead for 25 days caused changes in the activity of animals in the open field. The severity of changes was more pronounced in animals with a hereditary chemical body burden. These animals showed a decrease in orientation and physical activity and increased anxiety. In rats with a hereditary burden, changes in behavior were detected when administering dihydroquercetin. The activity of animals demonstrated a positive dynamics: we observed a statistically significant increase in physical activity and orientation. The number and duration of behavioral acts approached control values. Conclusions. The revealed effects of lead on the offspring of albino rats with a transgenerational chemical body burden require further study to understand the mechanism of the phenomenon.

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