A single-step procedure of recombinant library construction for the selection of efficiently produced llama VH binders directed against cancer markers

AbstractThe approach of functional integration has the potential to solve challenges regarding lightweight design and resource efficiency since the number of parts and therefore the weight and needed installation space can be reduced. One important step in developing integrative concepts is the pre-selection of suitable functions or components. Previous methods of pre-selection take various aspects into account. However, pre-selection based on these methods usually requires additional tables and forms, whose preparation and editing quickly becomes time-consuming. At the same time, most of the development engineers are working on CAD models. However, their use in the selection of suitable integration partners is not yet supported sufficiently. The development of more than 80 concepts on five different vehicles has shown that the consideration of geometric properties (position, orientation, size) is effective, as they can be identified with minimal analysis effort while working on CAD. In this paper a four-step procedure is presented how integration partners can be identified directly on the basis of CAD models. A following evaluation with development engineers in practice completes the research.

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The Nature of Compounding

Cadernos de Linguística ◽

10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 01-21

Author(s):

Pius ten Hacken

Keyword(s):

Second Step ◽

Linguistic Terms ◽

Scientific Terminology ◽

Step Procedure ◽

To Come ◽

Universal Definition ◽

Definition Of ◽

Selection Of

This paper addresses the question of the definition of compounding from a terminological perspective. In terminology, concepts are defined by a selection of properties shared by prototypical cases. For scientific terminology, the selection is validated by the strength of the theories that can use the definition. It is shown that morphophonological criteria often adduced in the delimitation of compounding are not adequate in a universal definition. In order to come up with a better definition, a two-step procedure is proposed. In the first step, a universal definition is used to determine for constructions in a particular language whether they belong to compounding. In the second step, language-specific properties are used to identify instances of these constructions. A definition is proposed that takes a compound as a word with a binary, headed structure, a relation between the elements that is not determined by compounding and a non-head that is not introduced as an entity in the discourse. The use of this definition is illustrated with a number of constructions in different languages. It is shown that expressions commonly called exocentric and copulative compounds are generally not compounds in this definition, but that some expressions that have been labelled as such are in fact compounds. The two-step procedure demonstrated here for compounding can also be used for other linguistic terms.

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Bacteriophage Library Construction and Selection of Recombinant Antibodies

Current Protocols in Immunology ◽

10.1002/0471142735.im1701s34 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Galanis ◽

Robert A. Irving ◽

Peter J. Hudson

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Antibodies ◽

Library Construction ◽

Selection Of

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Multiple Boris solvers for particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9368 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seiji Zenitani ◽

Tsunehiko Kato

Keyword(s):

Plasma Physics ◽

Particle Motion ◽

Charged Particles ◽

Single Step ◽

Pic Simulation ◽

Particle In Cell ◽

Step Procedure ◽

Cell Simulation ◽

Continuous Demand

<div> <div> <div> <p>&#160;Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation has long been used in theoretical plasma physics. In PIC simulation, the Boris solver is the de-facto standard for solving particle motion, and it has been used over a half century. Meanwhile, there is a continuous demand for better particle solvers. In this contribution, we introduce a family of Boris-type schemes for integrating the motion of charged particles. We call the new solvers the multiple Boris solvers. The new solvers essentially repeat the standard two-step procedure multiple times in the Lorentz-force part, and we derive a single-step form for arbitrary subcycle number <em>n</em>. The new solvers give <em>n<sup>2</sup></em> times smaller errors, allow larger timesteps, but they are computationally affordable for moderate <em>n</em>. The multiple Boris solvers also reduce a numerical error in long-term plasma motion in a relativistic magnetized flow.</p> </div> </div> </div><p>Reference:</p><ul><li>S. Zenitani & T. N. Kato, <em>Multiple Boris integrators for particle-in-cell simulation</em>, Comput. Phys. Commun. <strong>247</strong>, 106954, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2019.106954 (2020)</li> </ul>

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Safety of Single Stage Revision Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Compared to Laparoscopic Roux-Y Gastric Bypass after Failed Gastric Banding

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-020-04975-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michał Janik ◽

Christopher Ibikunle ◽

Ahad Khan ◽

Amir H. Aryaie

Keyword(s):

Gastric Bypass ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Gastric Banding ◽

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Revisional Surgery ◽

Perioperative Complications ◽

Single Step ◽

Single Stage ◽

Step Procedure ◽

User File

Abstract Background Reoperation, after failed gastric banding, is a controversial topic. A common approach is band removal with conversion to laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in a single-step procedure. Objective This study aimed to assess the safety of revisional surgery to LSG compared to LRYGB after failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) based on MBSAQIP Participant User File from 2015 to 2018. Methods Patients who underwent a one-stage conversion of LAGB to LSG (Conv-LSG) or LRYGB (Conv-LRYGB) were identified in the MBSAQIP PUF from 2015 to 2017. Conv-LRYGB cases were matched (1:1) with Conv-LSG patients using propensity scoring to control for potential confounding. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results A total of 9974 patients (4987 matched pairs) were included in the study. Conv-LRYGB, as compared with conv-SG, was associated with a similar risk of mortality (0.02% vs. 0.06%; relative risk [RR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03 to 3.20, p = 0.32). Conversion to LRYGB increased the risk for readmission (6.16% vs. 3.77%; RR, 1.63; 95%CI, 1.37 to 1.94, p < 0.01); reoperation (2.15% vs. 1.36%; RR, 1.57; 95%CI, 1.17 to 2.12, p = <0.01); leak (1.76% vs. 1.02%; RR, 1.57; 95%CI, 1.72 to 2.42, p < 0.01); and bleeding (1.66% vs. 1.00%; RR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.7 to 2.34, p < 0.01). Conclusions The study shows that single-stage LRYGB and LSG as revisional surgery after gastric banding, are safe in the 30-day observation with an acceptable complication rate and low mortality. However, conversion to LRYGB increased the risk of perioperative complications.

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Antipneumococcal Activities of Two Novel Macrolides, GW 773546 and GW 708408, Compared with Those of Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Clindamycin, and Telithromycin

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.48.11.4103-4112.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 4103-4112 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vlatka Matic ◽

Klaudia Kosowska ◽

Bulent Bozdogan ◽

Linda M. Kelly ◽

Kathy Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Protein ◽

Protein Sequence ◽

Single Step ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Susceptible Parent ◽

Rrna Sequence ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Resistant Mutants ◽

Rrna Sequences ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT The MICs of GW 773546, GW 708408, and telithromycin for 164 macrolide-susceptible and 161 macrolide-resistant pneumococci were low. The MICs of GW 773546, GW 708408, and telithromycin for macrolide-resistant strains were similar, irrespective of the resistance genotypes of the strains. Clindamycin was active against all macrolide-resistant strains except those with erm(B) and one strain with a 23S rRNA mutation. GW 773546, GW 708408, and telithromycin at two times their MICs were bactericidal after 24 h for 7 to 8 of 12 strains. Serial passages of 12 strains in the presence of sub-MICs yielded 54 mutants, 29 of which had changes in the L4 or L22 protein or the 23S rRNA sequence. Among the macrolide-susceptible strains, resistant mutants developed most rapidly after passage in the presence of clindamycin, GW 773546, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin and slowest after passage in the presence of GW 708408 and telithromycin. Selection of strains for which MICs were ≥0.5 μg/ml from susceptible parents occurred only with erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and clindamycin; 36 resistant clones from susceptible parent strains had changes in the sequences of the L4 or L22 protein or 23S rRNA. No mef(E) strains yielded resistant clones after passage in the presence of erythromycin and azithromycin. Selection with GW 773546, GW 708408, telithromycin, and clindamycin in two mef(E) strains did not raise the erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin MICs more than twofold. There were no change in the ribosomal protein (L4 or L22) or 23S rRNA sequences for 15 of 18 mutants selected for macrolide resistance; 3 mutants had changes in the L22-protein sequence. GW 773546, GW 708408, and telithromycin selected clones for which MICs were 0.03 to >2.0 μg/ml. Single-step studies showed mutation frequencies <5.0 × 10−10 to 3.5 × 10−7 for GW 773546, GW 708408, and telithromycin for macrolide-susceptible strains and 1.1 × 10−7 to >4.3 × 10−3 for resistant strains. The postantibiotic effects of GW 773546, GW 708408, and telithromycin were 2.4 to 9.8 h.

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Tailor-made high porosity VOC oxidation catalysts prepared by a single-step procedure

Applied Catalysis B Environmental ◽

10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.06.017 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 73 (1-2) ◽

pp. 128-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. Blanco ◽

A.L. Petre ◽

M. Yates ◽

M.P. Martin ◽

J.A. Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Step ◽

High Porosity ◽

Oxidation Catalysts ◽

Voc Oxidation ◽

Step Procedure

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Dual Targeting of DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Target Interactions of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756, T-3811ME), a New Desfluoroquinolone

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.46.11.3370-3380.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (11) ◽

pp. 3370-3380 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Dilek Ince ◽

Xiamei Zhang ◽

L. Christine Silver ◽

David C. Hooper

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Efflux Pump ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Single Step ◽

The Novel ◽

Wild Type ◽

Topoisomerase Iv ◽

Dual Targeting ◽

Resistant Mutants ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT We determined the target enzyme interactions of garenoxacin (BMS-284756, T-3811ME), a novel desfluoroquinolone, in Staphylococcus aureus by genetic and biochemical studies. We found garenoxacin to be four- to eightfold more active than ciprofloxacin against wild-type S. aureus. A single topoisomerase IV or gyrase mutation caused only a 2- to 4-fold increase in the MIC of garenoxacin, whereas a combination of mutations in both loci caused a substantial increase (128-fold). Overexpression of the NorA efflux pump had minimal effect on resistance to garenoxacin. With garenoxacin at twice the MIC, selection of resistant mutants (<7.4 × 10−12 to 4.0 × 10−11) was 5 to 6 log units less than that with ciprofloxacin. Mutations inside or outside the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of either topoisomerase IV, or gyrase, or both were selected in single-step mutants, suggesting dual targeting of topoisomerase IV and gyrase. Three of the novel mutations were shown by genetic experiments to be responsible for resistance. Studies with purified topoisomerase IV and gyrase from S. aureus also showed that garenoxacin had similar activity against topoisomerase IV and gyrase (50% inhibitory concentration, 1.25 to 2.5 and 1.25 μg/ml, respectively), and although its activity against topoisomerase IV was 2-fold greater than that of ciprofloxacin, its activity against gyrase was 10-fold greater. This study provides the first genetic and biochemical data supporting the dual targeting of topoisomerase IV and gyrase in S. aureus by a quinolone as well as providing genetic proof for the expansion of the QRDRs to include the 5′ terminus of grlB and the 3′ terminus of gyrA.

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