Multiple Boris solvers for particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Zenitani ◽  
Tsunehiko Kato
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Physics ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Pic Simulation ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Cell Simulation ◽  
Continuous Demand

<div> <div> <div> <p> Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation has long been used in theoretical plasma physics. In PIC simulation, the Boris solver is the de-facto standard for solving particle motion, and it has been used over a half century. Meanwhile, there is a continuous demand for better particle solvers. In this contribution, we introduce a family of Boris-type schemes for integrating the motion of charged particles. We call the new solvers the multiple Boris solvers. The new solvers essentially repeat the standard two-step procedure multiple times in the Lorentz-force part, and we derive a single-step form for arbitrary subcycle number <em>n</em>. The new solvers give <em>n<sup>2</sup></em> times smaller errors, allow larger timesteps, but they are computationally affordable for moderate <em>n</em>. The multiple Boris solvers also reduce a numerical error in long-term plasma motion in a relativistic magnetized flow.</p> </div> </div> </div><p>Reference:</p><ul><li>S. Zenitani & T. N. Kato, <em>Multiple Boris integrators for particle-in-cell simulation</em>, Comput. Phys. Commun. <strong>247</strong>, 106954, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2019.106954 (2020)</li> </ul>

scholarly journals Particle-in-cell simulation of two stream instability in the non-extensive statistics

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghorbanalilu ◽  
Elahe Abdollahzadeh ◽  
S.H. Ebrahimnazhad Rahbari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beams ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Electrostatic Waves ◽  
Pic Simulation ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Energy History ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Cell Simulation ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
Stream Instability

AbstractWe have performed extensive one dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to explore generation of electrostatic waves driven by two-stream instability (TSI) that arises due to the interaction between two symmetric counterstreaming electron beams. The electron beams are considered to be cold, collisionless and magnetic-field-free in the presence of neutralizing background of static ions. Here, electrons are described by the non-extensive q-distributions of the Tsallis statistics. Results shows that the electron holes structures are different for various q values such that: (i) for q > 1 cavitation of electron holes are more visible and the excited waves were more strong (ii) for q < 1 the degree of cavitation decreases and for q = 0.5 the holes are not distinguishable. Furthermore, time development of the velocity root-mean-square (VRMS) of electrons for different q-values demonstrate that the maximum energy conversion is increased upon increasing the non-extensivity parameter q up to the values q > 1. The normalized total energy history for a arbitrary entropic index q = 1.5, approves the energy conserving in our PIC simulation.

scholarly journals Numerical modeling of radiative recombination during ionization of atoms by means of particle-in-cell simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Khalilzadeh ◽  
J. Yazdanpanah ◽  
J. Jahanpanah ◽  
A. Chakhmachi
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Radiative Recombination ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Harmonic Spectrum ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Pic Simulation ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Cell Simulation ◽  
Recombination Current ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this paper, a heuristic algorithm based on particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is introduced to investigate the harmonic generation during the ionization and formation of plasma by a non-relativistic laser field when it propagates through hydrogen atoms. The harmonic generation is considered for the radiative recombination of an ionized electron with its nearest ion. The ionization algorithm is improved by considering the Stark effect and nonzero velocity for ionized electrons. Energy conservation is evaluated during the recombination process. In our code, for the first time, Maxwell's equations are integrated for harmonic fields in a separate mesh using the artificial recombination current as a source term. The simulation results are then used to illustrate the intensity spectrum of generated fields. It is shown that the initial momentum of ionized electrons affects the harmonic spectrum because the energy of radiated photons varies with the electron energy.

scholarly journals Thrust calculation of electric solar wind sail by particle-in-cell simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kento Hoshi ◽  
Hirotsugu Kojima ◽  
Takanobu Muranaka ◽  
Hiroshi Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pic Simulation ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Thrust Characteristics ◽  
Potential Structure ◽  
Cell Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Present Simulation ◽  
Electric Solar Wind Sail

Abstract. In this study, thrust characteristics of an electric solar wind sail were numerically evaluated using full three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The thrust obtained from the PIC simulation was lower than the thrust estimations obtained in previous studies. The PIC simulation indicated that ambient electrons strongly shield the electrostatic potential of the tether of the sail, and the strong shield effect causes a greater thrust reduction than has been obtained in previous studies. Additionally, previous expressions of the thrust estimation were modified by using the shielded potential structure derived from the present simulation results. The modified thrust estimation agreed very well with the thrust obtained from the PIC simulation.

Embedding particle-in-cell simulations in global magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the magnetosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Walker ◽  
Giovanni Lapenta ◽  
Jean Berchem ◽  
Mostafa El-Alaoui ◽  
David Schriver
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Mhd Simulation ◽  
Magnetospheric Substorm ◽  
Pic Simulation ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Mhd Simulations ◽  
Dayside Magnetopause ◽  
Thin Current Sheet ◽  
Cell Simulation ◽  
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations

We have combined global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar wind and magnetosphere interaction with an implicit particle-in-cell simulation (PIC) and used this approach to model magnetic reconnection at both the dayside magnetopause and in the magnetotail plasma sheet. In this approach, we first model the magnetospheric configuration driven by the solar wind using the MHD simulation. At a time of interest (usually when a thin current sheet has formed in the MHD simulation), we load a large particle-in-cell simulation with plasma and fields based on the MHD state. We use the MHD results to set the boundary conditions on the PIC simulation. The coupling between the two models is one way – the PIC results do not change the MHD results. In these calculations, we use the UCLA global MHD code and the iPic3D implicit particle-in-cell code. In this paper we describe this technique in detail. As an example of this approach, we present PIC results on reconnection in the magnetotail during a magnetospheric substorm.

Flows in the Magnetotail

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Walker ◽  
Giovanni Lapenta ◽  
Mostafa El-Alaoui ◽  
Jean Berchem ◽  
Robert Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Ion Trapping ◽  
Mhd Simulation ◽  
Pic Simulation ◽  
Ion Motion ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Cell Simulation ◽  
Reconnection Site ◽  
Kinetic Physics

&lt;p&gt;Magnetic reconnection leads to fast streaming of electrons and ions away from the reconnection site. We have used an implicit particle-in-cell simulation (iPic3D) embedded within a global MHD simulation of the solar wind and magnetosphere interaction to investigate the evolution of electrons and ion flows in the magnetotail. We first ran the MHD simulation driven by solar wind observations and then used the MHD results to set the initial and boundary conditions for the PIC simulation. Then we let the PIC state evolve and investigated the electron and ion motion. Within a few seconds of the onset of reconnection, electrons near the reconnection site stream earthward at 500-700km/s while the ions move at less than 100 km/s. For electrons, magnetic trapping occurs very close to the reconnection site and they move mostly in the X&lt;sub&gt;GSM &lt;/sub&gt;direction at the &lt;strong&gt;E&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;#215;&lt;strong&gt;B/&lt;/strong&gt;B&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; velocity.&amp;#160; Ion trapping occurs several Earth radii from the reconnection site about 100 s after the start of reconnection where both the electrons and ions move together at ~&lt;strong&gt;E&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;#215;&lt;strong&gt;B/&lt;/strong&gt;B&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; velocity. Although the particles are moving at the &lt;strong&gt;E&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;#215; &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;/B&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; velocity, they are in a state defined by the kinetic physics not the state that exists in the MHD simulation.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals From Charged Particles to Plasma Physics

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Hannu E. J. Koskinen ◽  
Emilia K. J. Kilpua
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Physics ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Plasma Waves ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Flora ◽  
Single Particle Motion

AbstractIn this chapter we move from single particle motion to the statistical description of a large number of charged particles, the plasma. This discussion provides the basis for the rich flora of plasma waves that are essential for understanding the sources and losses of radiation belt particles through wave–particle interactions.

scholarly journals Extension of temperature anisotropy Weibel instability to non-Maxwellian plasmas by 2D PIC simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghorbanalilu ◽  
Elahe Abdollahazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Temperature Anisotropy ◽  
Pic Simulation ◽  
Saturation Time ◽  
Weibel Instability ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Maxwellian Plasma ◽  
Relativistic Regime ◽  
Quasi Stationary State ◽  
Cell Simulation

AbstractThe Weibel instability driven by temperature anisotropy is investigated in a two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell simulation in non-extensive statistics in the relativistic regime. In order to begin the simulation, we introduced a new 2D anisotropic distribution function in the context of non-extensive statistics. The heavy ions considered to be immobile and form the neutralizing background. The numerical results show that non-extensive parameterqplays an important role on the magnetic field saturation time, the time of reduction temperature anisotropy, evolution time to the quasi-stationary state, and the peak energy density of magnetic field. We observe that the instability saturation time increases by increasing the non-extensive parameterq. It is shown that structures with superthermal electrons (q< 1) could generate strong magnetic fields during plasma thermalization. The simulation results agree with the previous simulations for an anisotropic Maxwellian plasma (q= 1).

Particle-In-Cell Simulation for Breakdown Phenomena in Vacuum

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
Haruki Ejiri ◽  
Takashi Fujii ◽  
Akiko Kumada ◽  
Kunihiko Hidaka
Keyword(s):  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Cell Simulation

scholarly journals PIC methods in astrophysics: simulations of relativistic jets and kinetic physics in astrophysical systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Nishikawa ◽  
Ioana Duţan ◽  
Christoph Köhn ◽  
Yosuke Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Physics ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Laser Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Relativistic Jets ◽  
Astrophysical Plasmas ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pic Method

AbstractThe Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method has been developed by Oscar Buneman, Charles Birdsall, Roger W. Hockney, and John Dawson in the 1950s and, with the advances of computing power, has been further developed for several fields such as astrophysical, magnetospheric as well as solar plasmas and recently also for atmospheric and laser-plasma physics. Currently more than 15 semi-public PIC codes are available which we discuss in this review. Its applications have grown extensively with increasing computing power available on high performance computing facilities around the world. These systems allow the study of various topics of astrophysical plasmas, such as magnetic reconnection, pulsars and black hole magnetosphere, non-relativistic and relativistic shocks, relativistic jets, and laser-plasma physics. We review a plethora of astrophysical phenomena such as relativistic jets, instabilities, magnetic reconnection, pulsars, as well as PIC simulations of laser-plasma physics (until 2021) emphasizing the physics involved in the simulations. Finally, we give an outlook of the future simulations of jets associated to neutron stars, black holes and their merging and discuss the future of PIC simulations in the light of petascale and exascale computing.

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