scholarly journals The Nature of Compounding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-21
Author(s):  
Pius ten Hacken
Keyword(s):  
Second Step ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
To Come ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

This paper addresses the question of the definition of compounding from a terminological perspective. In terminology, concepts are defined by a selection of properties shared by prototypical cases. For scientific terminology, the selection is validated by the strength of the theories that can use the definition. It is shown that morphophonological criteria often adduced in the delimitation of compounding are not adequate in a universal definition. In order to come up with a better definition, a two-step procedure is proposed. In the first step, a universal definition is used to determine for constructions in a particular language whether they belong to compounding. In the second step, language-specific properties are used to identify instances of these constructions. A definition is proposed that takes a compound as a word with a binary, headed structure, a relation between the elements that is not determined by compounding and a non-head that is not introduced as an entity in the discourse. The use of this definition is illustrated with a number of constructions in different languages. It is shown that expressions commonly called exocentric and copulative compounds are generally not compounds in this definition, but that some expressions that have been labelled as such are in fact compounds. The two-step procedure demonstrated here for compounding can also be used for other linguistic terms.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Historical and Cultural Context on the Concept «Russian World»

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Bezrodnaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
To Come ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
World Concept

The main goal of the current study is to come up with a complete and universal definition of the “Russian World” concept. The object of the study is the history and culture of Russia and its earlier predecessors. The object of the study is the concept “Russian World”. The scientific novelty is due to the fact that the Russian World concept is being considered referring to its various aspects and meanings, that are formed by the particular historic and cultural context. The analysis and generalization of the data provided by the Russian scholars on history, philosophy, culture studies, and sociology in the last quarter of the XX-beginning of the XXI century allowed us to: trace the development of the “Russian world” concept. In addition to this we were able to define the key factors, dominating in the concrete historical and cultural context and elaborate a more complete definition of the concept.

scholarly journals Semantic map: the case of Ústí nad Orlicí

Geografie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Osman
Keyword(s):  
Second Step ◽  
Shared Meaning ◽  
Semantic Map ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mental Mapping ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Proximity ◽  
The Town ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presents a method of creating a semantic map which follows up the tradition of mental mapping. The first step in the construction of a semantic map is a spatial definition of the shared image of a place/town. The second step is selection of the words and phrases that fit the shared meaning of a place/town. The third step then is their localization in the “underlying map”. The size of individual expressions indicates the frequency with which the place was named so or to what extent the designation was shared among the respondents. Then the final step is “regionalization” of the space based on semantic proximity of the words used to describe individual locations. The semantic map method is presented using the example of the town of Ústí nad Orlicí. The empirical material is based on 21 interviews conducted in the town of Ústí nad Orlicí between January and September 2013.

scholarly journals What is an invasive procedure? A definition to inform study design, evidence synthesis and research tracking

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e028576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian Cousins ◽  
Natalie S Blencowe ◽  
Jane M Blazeby
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Interventional Procedure ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Worldwide, there are at least 230 million invasive procedures performed annually and most of us will undergo several in our lifetime. There is therefore a need for high-quality evidence to underpin this clinical area. Currently, however, there is no widely accepted definition of an invasive procedure and the terms ‘surgery’ and ‘interventional procedure’ are characterised inconsistently. We propose a definition for invasive procedures which addresses the limitations of those currently available. Our definition was developed from an analysis of the 3946 papers from the last decade. A preliminary definition was created based on existing definitions and applied to a variety of papers reporting all types of procedures. This definition was continuously updated and applied iteratively to all articles. The definition has three key components: (1) method of access to the body, (2) instrumentation and (3) requirement for operator skill. It therefore encapsulates all types of invasive procedure regardless of the method of access to the body (incision, natural orifice or percutaneous access), and is relevant whatever the clinical discipline (eg, obstetric, cardiac, dental, interventional cardiology or radiology). Crucially, the definition excludes medicinal products, except where their administration occurs within an invasive procedure (and thereby involves operator skill). The application of a universal definition of an invasive procedure will (1) inform the selection of relevant methods for study design, (2) streamline evidence synthesis and (3) improve research tracking, helping to identify evidence gaps and direct research funds.

Spontanität oder Reflexion?

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Peter Schräpler
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Expected Utility ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Subjective Expected Utility ◽  
Subjective Probabilities ◽  
Definition Of The Situation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Action Decision

AbstractEvery action decision made by an actor is preceded by a special definition of the situation that first structures the preferences and expectations from which the selection of an action proceeds in a second step. In a conception based on the ‚subjective expected utility‘ (SEU) Esser 1996 modelled the definition of a situation as a dual structure comprising two stages of selection: the selection of the model and the selection of the mode of information processing. In this paper it is shown how a link to a threedimensional picture of the situation emerges from the formal assumptions of these two selection steps. Depending on the selected utility ratios this picture then represents the choice of the mode of information processing as a function of subjective probabilities.

Selection and Preparation of Specific Tissue Regions For Tem Using Large Epoxy-Embedded Blocks

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 324-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Lowrie ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Human Fallibility and Fallibilism about Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Knowledge Attributions ◽  
Knowledge Norm ◽  
Concessive Knowledge Attributions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Threshold Problem

This chapter distinguishes between fallibilism and infallibilism by appeal to entailment: infallibilists hold that knowledge that p requires evidence which entails that p; fallibilists deny that. It outlines some of the recent motivations for infallibilism, including the infelicity of concessive knowledge attributions, the threshold problem, closure, and the knowledge norm of practical reasoning. Further, we see how contemporary infallibilists attempt to avoid scepticism by appeal either to a generous conception of evidence or a shifty view of knowledge, such as contextualism. The chapter explains the book’s focus on non-shifty versions of infallibilism which defend a generous conception of evidence. It ends by defending the entailment definition of infallibilism over other potential definitions, and outlining the chapters to come.

scholarly journals Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciaramella ◽  
Nadia Monacelli ◽  
Livia Concetta Eugenia Cocimano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to contribute to a better and more focused understanding of the link between the concept of resilience and psychosocial interventions in the migrant population. The research questions concerned the type of population involved, definition of resilience, methodological choices and which intervention programmes were targeted at migrants. In the 90 articles included, an heterogeneity in defining resilience or not well specified definition resulted. Different migratory experiences were not adequately considered in the selection of participants. Few resilience interventions on migrants were resulted. A lack of procedure’s descriptions that keep in account specific migrants’ life-experiences and efficacy’s measures were highlighted.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Redesigning Networks by Using Markov Random Fields

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389
Author(s):  
Julia García Cabello ◽  
Pedro A. Castillo ◽  
Maria-del-Carmen Aguilar-Luzon ◽  
Francisco Chiclana ◽  
Enrique Herrera-Viedma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Random Fields ◽  
Markov Random Fields ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Markov Random ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Decision Making Model

Standard methodologies for redesigning physical networks rely on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which strongly depend on local demographic specifications. The absence of a universal definition of demography makes its use for cross-border purposes much more difficult. This paper presents a Decision Making Model (DMM) for redesigning networks that works without geographical constraints. There are multiple advantages of this approach: on one hand, it can be used in any country of the world; on the other hand, the absence of geographical constraints widens the application scope of our approach, meaning that it can be successfully implemented either in physical (ATM networks) or non-physical networks such as in group decision making, social networks, e-commerce, e-governance and all fields in which user groups make decisions collectively. Case studies involving both types of situations are conducted in order to illustrate the methodology. The model has been designed under a data reduction strategy in order to improve application performance.

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