Differential control of light–dark adaptation in the ocelli and compound eyes of Triatoma infestans

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1545-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio R. Lazzari ◽  
Deborah Fischbein ◽  
Teresita C. Insausti
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Differential Control

External Design and Field of View of the Compound Eyes in a Raptorial Neuropteran Insect, Mantispa Styriaca

1990 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. EGGENREICH ◽  
K. KRAL
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Binocular Field ◽  
Frontal Part

Visual fields and ommatidial angles of the compound eyes of Mantispa styriaca were determined using luminous pseudopupil and histological-anatomical techniques. The maximal horizontal overlap averaged 42.7° in femalesand 52.4° in males; females had only one overlap maximum, whereas males had two. In the dorsoventral direction, the binocular field had an overlap of 135.2° in the female and 142° in the male. In light-adapted eyes, optical acceptance angles reached values of 2.0°, and they reached 3.6° with dark adaptation; interommatidial angles were between 1.8° and 2.3°. The angles were very similar over the entire eye; no acute zone was found in the frontal part of the eye, as the large binocular overlap would suggest. The results are compared with those for the praying mantis: this animal is in no way related to Mantispa but resembles it in appearance and capture behaviour.

scholarly journals Light and dark adaptation mechanisms in the compound eyes ofMyrmeciaants that occupy discrete temporal niches

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 (16) ◽  
pp. 2435-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Narendra ◽  
Birgit Greiner ◽  
Willi A. Ribi ◽  
Jochen Zeil
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Dark Adaptation in the Compound Eyes of Nocturnal and Diurnal Lepidoptera

1960 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Bernhard ◽  
D. Ottoson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Nocturnal Species ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Diurnal Species

A comparative analysis has been carried out of the time course and range of dark adaptation in the compound eyes of some common butterflies and noctuid moths (Lepidoptera). The change in sensitivity of the eye during dark adaptation was determined by measurements of the intensity of illumination necessary to elicit an electrical response of a given magnitude of the eye. It was found that the curve for dark adaptation in the diurnal species was smooth. The range of adaptive change varied in different species but usually did not cover more than 1 to 1.5 log units. In the nocturnal species the dark adaptation was found to proceed in two phases. The first phase was usually completed in less than 10 minutes and covered a range of 1 to 1.5 log units. The second phase was more prolonged and covered a range of 2 to 3 log units. In some of the experiments on nocturnal species the second phase failed to appear. Measurements of the size of the response at different intensities showed that the intensity/amplitude relationship was the same in the light-adapted eye as in the dark-adapted eye. In the nocturnal insects the response of the eye in the light-adapted condition was about 20 per cent of that in the dark-adapted eye, while in diurnal insects it was about 60 per cent.

11-cis retinal restores visual function in vitamin A-deficient Manduca

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth R. Bennett ◽  
Richard H. White
Keyword(s):  
Visual Function ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Photoreceptor Membranes ◽  
Cis Isomer

AbstractLarvae of the tobacco hornworm moth Manduca sexta were reared on either a carotenoid-supplemented or a carotenoid-deficient diet. The former yields fortified adults with normal visual function, whereas visual sensitivity and rhodopsin content are reduced by 2−4 log units in the compound eyes of the deprived moths reared on the latter. We characterized the retinoids of fortified retinas and investigated the recovery of visual function in deprived moths that were provided with retinaldehyde as a source of photopigment chromophore. Retinoids were identified and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fortified retinas contained mainly 3-hydroxyretinaldehyde (R3); 11-cis R3 predominated in dark-adaptation, all-trans in light-adaptation, indicating that R3 is the photopigment chromophore. No retinoids could be measured in deprived eyes. Retinaldehyde (R1) was delivered to the retinas of deprived moths by “painting” solutions of 11-cis or all-trans R1 in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the corneal surfaces of the compound eyes or on the head capsule between the eyes. 11-cis R1 induced rapid recovery: during 3 days, sensitivity rose to within a log unit of that measured from fortified animals. By 7 days, sensitivity was close to normal. Although rhodopsin and P-face particle densities of photoreceptor membranes increased, neither rose to the levels found in fortified animals. All-trans R1 induced only a slight increase in sensitivity that could have resulted from some nonspecific isomerization of the all-trans to the 11-cis isomer; we found no evidence for a retinal isomerase that functions in darkness. Small amounts of R3 were measured in recovering retinas, indicating some conversion of R1 to R3. However, the chromophore of most of the rhodopsin that was synthesized must have been R1. It is possible that rhodopsin did not reach normal levels in the retina even after a week of recovery because the normal chromophore R3 was not provided. Although the rhodopsin that initially formed in recovering moths may have resulted from the association of the chromophore with pre-existing opsin, the extent of eventual recovery indicates that opsin synthesis was stimulated by 11-cis R1.

Differentiation Processes of the Ocellar Retina of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
Maria Anna Pabst
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Adult Worker

In addition to the compound eyes, honeybees have three dorsal ocelli on the vertex of the head. Each ocellus has about 800 elongated photoreceptor cells. They are paired and the distal segment of each pair bears densely packed microvilli forming together a platelike fused rhabdom. Beneath a common cuticular lens a single layer of corneagenous cells is present.Ultrastructural studies were made of the retina of praepupae, different pupal stages and adult worker bees by thin sections and freeze-etch preparations. In praepupae the ocellar anlage consists of a conical group of epidermal cells that differentiate to photoreceptor cells, glial cells and corneagenous cells. Some photoreceptor cells are already paired and show disarrayed microvilli with circularly ordered filaments inside. In ocelli of 2-day-old pupae, when a retinogenous and a lentinogenous cell layer can be clearly distinguished, cell membranes of the distal part of two photoreceptor cells begin to interdigitate with each other and so start to form the definitive microvilli. At the beginning the microvilli often occupy the whole width of the developing rhabdom (Fig. 1).

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