scholarly journals Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing genes in gram-negative bacterial isolates from human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar ◽  
Narasingam Arunagirinathan ◽  
Balasubramanian Senthamilselvan ◽  
Chinnambedu Ravichandran Swathirajan ◽  
Sunil Suhas Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo Beta Lactamases (MBL) Mediated Resistance in Gram Negative Bacterial Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Pathak ◽  
Nandalal Jaishi ◽  
Binod Kumar Yadav ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) along with Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producing gram negative bacterial isolates among the patients attending Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June to December; 2016. Altogether 977 clinical specimens were processed for analysis of bacteriological profile and the isolates were identified by culture, morphological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods following Clinical and Laboratories Standard Institute guideline and the isolates were tested for ESBL and MBL by combined disk method.Results: out of 977 clinical specimens, 254 (25.99%) were found to be gram negative bacterial isolates, among them Klebsiella pneumoniae 83 (32.67%) was the most predominant organism followed by E. coli 51 (20.07%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 36 (14.17%), K. oxytoca 32 (12.59%), Proteus mirabilis 13 (5.11%) and P. vulgaris 13 (5.11%), Acinetobacter spp. 11 (4.33%), Citrobacter spp. 10 (3.93%) and Enterobacter spp. 5 (1.96%) respectively. 83 (32.67%) isolates were found to be MDR, 38(14.96%) were positive for ESBL while 19 (7.48%) were MBL producer.Conclusion: The determent drug resistance among ESBL and MBL producers, reflect the extensive use of antibiotics possessing difficulties in therapeutic potions in hospital setting which might be overcome by proper microbiological analysis of pathogenic isolates and judicious use of antibiotics for emergence of resistance strains.

scholarly journals Isolation of Lautropia mirabilis from Oral Cavities of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1756-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Norton Rossmann ◽  
Patricia H. Wilson ◽  
John Hicks ◽  
Bruce Carter ◽  
Stanley G. Cron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Concomitant Factors

Lautropia mirabilis, a pleomorphic, motile, gram-negative coccus, has been isolated from the oral cavities of 32 of 60 (53.3%) children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 3 of 25 (12.0%) HIV-uninfected controls; the association ofL. mirabilis isolation with HIV infection is significant (P < 0.001). All children in the study, both HIV-infected children and controls, were born to HIV-infected mothers. The presence of this bacterium was not associated with clinical disease in these children. The HIV-infected children with L. mirabilis did not differ from the HIV-infected children withoutL. mirabilis in immunological status, clinical status, or systemic medications. The role of HIV infection itself or concomitant factors in the establishment of L. mirabilis in the oral cavity remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Detection of SHV and TEM-type Extended spectrum β-lactamase in bacterial isolates recovered from clinical samples of patients attending military hospitals in South-South Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Helen Oroboghae Ogefere ◽  
Samuel E. Iriah ◽  
Ephraim Ehidiamen Ibadin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Phenotypic Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Background<br />Multi-drug resistant bacterial strains have been increasingly implicated in clinical infections worldwide and beta-lactamase production is one of the commonest mechanisms of resistance in these strains. This study investigated the prevalence of extended spectrum â-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates and determined the temoneira (TEM) and sulfhydryl variable (SHV) types implicated in two military hospitals in South-South Nigeria. <br /><br />Methods<br />Three-hundred and eighty (380) consecutive non-duplicate bacterial isolates (Gram negative bacilli) recovered from clinical samples were identified following standard techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for each isolate following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Bacterial isolates recovered which comprised Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for ESBL using a phenotypic method (double disc synergy test). All positive isolates were screened for TEM and SHV genes by PCR method. <br /><br />Results<br />Sixty-five isolates (17.1%) were ESBL producing using phenotypic method, E. coli showed the highest ESBL prevalence (24.3%). One isolate was SHV positive (1.5%), 8 (12.3%) were TEM positive while 3 (4.6%) isolates harbored both SHV and TEM genes. Fluoroquinolone - ofloxacin showed marked activity against ESBL-producing isolates (90.8%) while the least active were ceftriaxone (9.2%), ceftazidime (3.1%) and ampicillin (1.5%). <br /><br />Conclusion<br />This study demonstrated that 17.1% of Gram-negative bacilli were ESBL producers. Screening of clinical isolates for ESBL should be implemented. The findings of this study suggest the need for caution in the use of antimicrobial agents in order to curb the incidence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Incidence and antimicrobial profile of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing gram-negative bacterial isolates: An in-vitro and statistical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729-1733
Author(s):  
Turki M.S. Dawoud ◽  
Asad Syed ◽  
Amit Kumar Maurya ◽  
Syed Sayeed Ahmad ◽  
Quazzafi Rabbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing-Bacteria Isolated From Pregnant Women With Genital Tract Infection in Duhok Governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Sozan M. Nerway ◽  
Muna S. Al-Delaimi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

Beta-lactamase producing bacteria have a worldwide distribution with a high degree of prevalence in both community and hospital. Furthermore, multidrug resistant (MDR) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacterial isolates from women patients may limit treatment options available. This study was designed to determine the frequency of bacterial isolates associated with genital tract infection in pregnant women and their antimicrobial resistance profile and to assess the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing bacteria. Demonstrating the β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with specific primers, was carried out on patients who were admitted to Maternity and Obstetric Hospital in Duhok city from November 2018 to October 2019. A total of 100 high vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women patients between the ages 18-45 years. All clinical samples were cultured and standard microbiological methods were used to identify bacterial isolates, then confirmed by Vitek®2 compact automated system. All gram negative bacterial isolates were studied phenotypically and genotypically for extended spectrum β-lactamases-production. Out of 100 vaginal swabs, 88% confirmed positive culture; 90.9% of which were bacterial isolates. From the total bacterial isolates, 38.8% were gram negative bacteria, with a predominant 54.8% Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Escherichia coli 35.5%. 54.8% of the isolates were characterized as multidrug resistance isolates, 29% isolates were extensive drug resistance, and no pan drug resistance were detected. Among these, the commonest extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates were Escherichia coli 81.8% followed by, Klebsiella pneumoniae 58.8%. Extended spectrum β-lactamases-producing isolates have showed significantly higher resistance than non- extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins. CTX-M was the most common β-lactamase gene 73.7% among extended spectrum β-lactamase producing strains, followed by blaSHV, 57.9% and blaTEM 52.6%, 21.1% had combination of all bla genes, 15.8% had CTX-M only and combination of blaCTX-M with blaSHV and blaTEM. 10.5% among extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates carried SHV type only and in combination with TEM type while TEM gene were observed in 5.3%. We concluded that the drug resistant isolates were common, worryingly high and it may limit treatment options available. In this study a high level of the blaCTX-M gene was demonstrated among extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates.

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