scholarly journals Detection of SHV and TEM-type Extended spectrum β-lactamase in bacterial isolates recovered from clinical samples of patients attending military hospitals in South-South Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Helen Oroboghae Ogefere ◽  
Samuel E. Iriah ◽  
Ephraim Ehidiamen Ibadin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Phenotypic Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Background<br />Multi-drug resistant bacterial strains have been increasingly implicated in clinical infections worldwide and beta-lactamase production is one of the commonest mechanisms of resistance in these strains. This study investigated the prevalence of extended spectrum â-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates and determined the temoneira (TEM) and sulfhydryl variable (SHV) types implicated in two military hospitals in South-South Nigeria. <br /><br />Methods<br />Three-hundred and eighty (380) consecutive non-duplicate bacterial isolates (Gram negative bacilli) recovered from clinical samples were identified following standard techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for each isolate following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Bacterial isolates recovered which comprised Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for ESBL using a phenotypic method (double disc synergy test). All positive isolates were screened for TEM and SHV genes by PCR method. <br /><br />Results<br />Sixty-five isolates (17.1%) were ESBL producing using phenotypic method, E. coli showed the highest ESBL prevalence (24.3%). One isolate was SHV positive (1.5%), 8 (12.3%) were TEM positive while 3 (4.6%) isolates harbored both SHV and TEM genes. Fluoroquinolone - ofloxacin showed marked activity against ESBL-producing isolates (90.8%) while the least active were ceftriaxone (9.2%), ceftazidime (3.1%) and ampicillin (1.5%). <br /><br />Conclusion<br />This study demonstrated that 17.1% of Gram-negative bacilli were ESBL producers. Screening of clinical isolates for ESBL should be implemented. The findings of this study suggest the need for caution in the use of antimicrobial agents in order to curb the incidence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
J. Bzdil ◽  
O. Holy ◽  
J. Toporcak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Bruker Daltonics

The pathogenicity of bacterial strains isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses, strategies for their treatment and the choice of appropriate antimicrobials are frequently a challenging problem for private veterinarians who seek help in our laboratory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to map genera and species of Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes in horses and to identify the most effective antimicrobial agents for therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility. Between 2009 and 2014 a total of 449 clinical samples (n = 449) were examined; 229 (51%) of them were obtained from the respiratory tract, 121 (27%) from the skin, 40 (8.9%) from the digestive tract, 40 (8.9%) from the eyes, eight (1.8%) from the urinary system, six (1.3%) from the musculoskeletal system, four (0.9%) from the lymphatic system and one (0.2%) from milk. The examination was performed using conventional microbiological culture methods. The identification of isolates was confirmed using MALDI-TOF molecular phenotyping (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Bremen, Germany). From the 276 Gram-negative isolates (prevalence of 61.5%), the most frequently detected strains were Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Actinobacillus spp. with prevalence rates of 7.6%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 6.0% and 5.8%. In addition, another 20 genera of microorganisms were detected. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. The most effective agents were gentamicin (94.1%), enrofloxacin (91.7%), colistin (87.0%), florfenicol (86.2%), neomycin (85.5%), streptomycin (82.4%) and tetracycline (78.5%). A good knowledge of the spectrum of bacterial species participating in pathological processes and lesions in horses and their antimicrobial susceptibility may be of great importance not only in treatment but also in deciding which prophylactic antibiotics to administer after surgical interventions.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY BEHAVIOR OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES AT NISHTAR HOSPITAL MULTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Suhail ◽  
Nadia Iqbal ◽  
Khalid Usman ◽  
Farah Deeba
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

The pathogenic bacteria are getting resistant to antibiotics is significantly growing in the developing countries of the world including Pakistan. The present study was designed to find the basic study on resistance among the patients coming to the Nishtar Hospital, Multan. The study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Total 387 clinical samples of urine, pus, high vaginal swab (HVS) and wound were surveyed for the existence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. For these bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed. E. coli was the most prevalent isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas. E. coli was predominated in urine, pus, HVS and wound specimens. Occurance of Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Candida and Pseudomonas were 7.9 %, 3.9 %, 14.7 % and 1.4 % respectively among the clinical specimens. E. coli shows highest resistance to Linezolid (98.3%) followed by Ceftrizone (90.8%), Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim (85%), Moxifloxacin (82.5%). High frequency of resistance specifies that there is an unremitting requirement of surveillance of resistance behaviour of antimicrobial agents in our study is to investigate the trend of this problem.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Catheterized Inpatients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netsanet Awoke ◽  
Tesfaye Kassa ◽  
Lule Teshager
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Jimma University

Biofilm formation is one of the features of most bacteria. Catheterization in medicine is a source of highly resistant bacterial infections, and those bacteria respond poorly to antimicrobial therapy. Bacterial biofilm features were not described from catheterized inpatients in Ethiopia as its formation is known to afford antimicrobial resistance and challenge patient management. The aim of this study was to isolate catheter-associated urinary bacterial pathogens, their biofilm formation, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among inpatients of Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) in Southwest Ethiopia. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among urinary catheterized inpatients of JUMC from February to August 2016. A total of 143 study participants were enrolled consecutively in this study. Urine samples were collected from catheterized patients and processed using a standard bacteriological protocol for isolation and identification. Evaluation ofin vitrobiofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic bacteria was done using microtiter plates and disk diffusion method, respectively. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. All statistical test values ofp<0.05were considered statistically significant. From all study participants, mean age was 44 years. Sixty bacterial strains were recovered from 57 urinary catheterized inpatients among which 54 of them were monomicrobial (94.7%). The remaining six bacterial strains were recovered from three study participants each with two bacterial isolates. The predominant bacterial isolates were Gram-negative bacteria withE. coliturning out first. About 80% of bacterial isolates were biofilm formers. The majority of the bacteria were resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. In conclusion, the majority of bacterial uropathogen isolates were Gram-negative, biofilm formers, and resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. Relatively ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and amikacin were highly effective against most isolated bacteria.

scholarly journals Detection and Reporting of Organisms Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Survey of Laboratories in Connecticut

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 4065-4070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. Tenover ◽  
M. Jasmine Mohammed ◽  
Timothy S. Gorton ◽  
Zygmunt F. Dembek
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Control Strain ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. They are most common inKlebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli but are present in a variety of Enterobacteriaceae. Resistance mediated by these enzymes can be difficult to detect depending on the antimicrobial agents tested. AmpC β-lactamases are related to the chromosomal enzymes of Enterobacter andCitrobacter spp. and also mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam in addition to cephamycins, such as cefoxitin. Unlike ESBLs, however, AmpC β-lactamases are not inhibited by clavulanic acid or other similar compounds. To assess the abilities of various antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect ESBLs, we sent three ESBL-producing organisms, one AmpC-producing organism, and a control strain that was susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins to 38 laboratories in Connecticut for testing. Eight (21.0%) of 38 labs failed to detect extended-spectrum cephalosporin or aztreonam resistance in any of the ESBL- or AmpC-producing isolates. Errors were encountered with both automated and disk diffusion methods. Conversely, seven (18.4%) labs categorized at least some of the four resistant isolates as potential ESBL producers and reported the results with the extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam as resistant as suggested by current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. The percentage of laboratories that failed to detect resistance in the ESBL or AmpC isolates ranged from 23.7 to 31.6% depending on the type of enzyme present in the test organism. This survey suggests that many laboratories have difficulty detecting resistance in ESBL and AmpC-producing organisms and may be unaware of the NCCLS guidelines on modifying susceptibility testing reports for ESBL-producing strains.

scholarly journals Prevalence of carbapenem resistant bacterial strains isolated from different clinical samples: study from a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Sitesh Karn ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Sanjeev Neupane ◽  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Shaila Basnyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Background Carbapenems are considered as drugs of choice for the treatment of the infections caused by drug resistant bacteria. However, in the recent years the prevalence of carbapenem resistant gram negative bacteria has increased significantly. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase producing gram negative bacteria among all the clinical isolates.Material and methods A total of 3246 non-repeated, different clinical specimens from patients attending Kathmandu Model Hospital, from July 2013 to January 2014 were cultured and the gram negative bacterial isolates obtained were subjected to identification with the help of colony morphology, Gram’s stain and conventional biochemical tests. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Phenotypic confirmation of carbapenemase and AmpC beta-lactamase production was done by combined disc method.Results 890 samples showed the growth of bacterial pathogens. Out of total 769 gram negative bacteria, 57 were found to be carbapenem resistant. Of which, highest number (47) of the isolates were found to be metallo-β lactamase (MBL) producers. Six bacterial isolates produced both (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) KPC and MBL, whereas only one isolate was found to be positive for both MBL and AmpC. Three bacterial strains showed carbapenem resistance due to over production of AmpC β-lactamase.Conclusion Among carbapenem resistant gram negative bacteria, MBL was present as the major enzyme responsible for resisting carbapenem antibiotics.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 3-FORMYL INDOLE BASED SCHIFF BASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh Gurvinder ◽  
Singh Prabhsimran ◽  
Dhawan R. K.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of 3-formyl indole based Schiff bases were synthesized by reacting 3-formyl indole(indole-3-carboxaldehyde) with substituted aniline taking ethanol as solvent. The reaction was carried in the presence of small amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst.All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR spectral analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against two gram positive bacterial strains (B. subtilisand S. aureus) and two gram negative bacterial strains (P. aeruginosaand E. coli) and one fungal strain (C. albicans). All the synthesized compounds were found to have moderate to good antimicrobial activity. The  standard drug amoxicillin, fluconazole were used for antimicrobial activity. Among the synthesized compounds, the maximum antimicrobial activity was shown by compounds GS04, GS07, GS08 and GS10.

STUDIES ON SOME BACTERIAL DISEASES IN OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Ahmed EL-gamal ◽  
Yasmin Reyad
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Total Prevalence

he present research carried out to study the common bacterial infections in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in Manzala area at Dakahlia governorate and possible antimicrobial agents used for treatment. A total number of 400 fish were randomly collected from Manzala private farms at Dakahlia governorate and subjected to the clinical, bacteriological and histopathological examination. The highest prevalence of bacterial isolates during the whole period of examination of naturally infected O.niloticus was recorded for A.hydrophila (22.66%), followed by V.alginolyticus (19.01%), V.parahemolyticus (13.80%), Streptococcus spp. (12.24%), A.caviae (11.72%), V.cholera (10.16%), A.salmonicida (7.55%), while the lowest prevalence was recorded for Klebsiella oxytoca (2.86%). The seasonal highest total prevalence of bacterial isolates from examined naturally infected O. niloticus was recorded in spring (30.21%), followed by autumn (28.39%), then summer (22.40%) and the lowest prevalence was recorded in winter (19.01%). Histopathological findings of the tissue samples which collected from different organs of naturally infected O.niloticus revealed that spleen show marked hemosiderosis and sever hemorrhage, gills showsever congestion of lamellar capillaries with marked aneurysm, necrosis and hemorrhage of lamellar epithelium and liver show sever hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against all isolated bacterial strains

scholarly journals Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative isolates from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryatara Shilpakar ◽  
Mehraj Ansari ◽  
Kul Raj Rai ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Shiba Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background The existence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), is on rise across the globe and is becoming a severe problem. Knowledge of the prevalence and antibiogram profile of such isolates is essential to develop an appropriate treatment methodology. This study aimed to study the prevalence of Gram-negative isolates exhibiting ESBL at a tertiary care hospital and study their antibiogram profile. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal, from June 2018 to November 2018. A total of 770 clinical samples were collected and identified using the conventional biochemical tests following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the standardized Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The screening test for ESBL producers was performed as recommended by the CLSI and the confirmatory test was performed phenotypically using the E-test. Results Out of the 92 isolates, 84 (91.3%) were multidrug-resistant, and 47 (51.1%) were found to be potential ESBL producers. Of these, 16 isolates were confirmed ESBL producers by the E-test. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant isolates and were also the major ESBL producers. Besides polymyxin B (100% sensitive), meropenem and imipenem showed high efficacy against the ESBL producers. Conclusion Multidrug resistance was very high; however, ESBL production was low. Polymyxin B and carbapenems are the choice of drugs against ESBL producers but should be used only as the last line drugs.

Effectiveness of ZnO Nano Particles against the Foodborne Microbial Pathogens E. coli and S. aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

In this work, various concentrations of ZnO nano particles, prepared by the coprecipitation method with a size range of 47-68 nm, have been investigated as antimicrobial agents. Dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out on two kinds of microbes (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli) according to the standard method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI-2015-M07-A10. The results showed that the antimicrobial effect is larger, the higher the concentration of ZnO nano particles in solution. It was also found that Gram-positive microbes are more sensitive to ZnO nano particles when compared with the Gram-negative ones. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E. coli was found to be 50 mg/mL while that for S. aureus was 25 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 1600 mg/mL for E. coli and 800 mg/mL for S. aureus.

scholarly journals Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Schiff Bases of Indole-3-aldehyde

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kamaria ◽  
N. Kawathekar ◽  
Prerna Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of Schiff bases of indole-3-aldehyde were synthesized by microwave assisted synthesis by takingDMFas solvent and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized byIR,1HNMRand mass spectral analysis. All compounds were tested against five gram positive and five gram negative bacterial strains and one fungal strain. All compounds exhibited better activity against gram positive strains than against gram negative strains and the compounds were found more active againstS.aureusandB.subtilis.

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