scholarly journals Effect of Scanning Pattern and Volumetric Energy Density on the Properties of Selective Laser Melting Ti-6Al-4V Specimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Javidrad ◽  
M. Ghanbari ◽  
F. Javidrad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Scanning Pattern

Main Defects Observed in Titanium GRADE II and 316L Stainless Steel Elements Obtained by Selective Laser Melting

2020 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Anna Woźniak ◽  
Marcin Adamiak
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Titanium Grade

Selective Laser Melting SLM is one of the most popular three dimensional printing methods, which can be used for manufactured real elements (with high geometrical complexity) in many application, such as medicine, automotive or aerospace industries. The SLM final parts are characterized by high mechanical properties and satisfactory physicochemical properties. However, the properties of parts depend of process parameters optimization. In this paper, effects of processing parameters, such as laser power P, scanning speed SP, layer thickness t or point distance PD on defect formation and relative densities of manufactured elements are explored. For the purpose the stainless steel 316L and pure titanium Grade II are used. The process optimization were carried out according to the formula of energy density, which is delivered to the powder material. The stainless steel samples were divided into 12 groups, depends of the energy density. The titanium parts were printed at the same value of energy, and the process parameters are changed. The microscope observation and relative density measurements were carried out. Based on the obtained results, it can be confuted that the SLM parameters have a significant effect on the samples properties and the mechanism formed defect in both material are similar.

Influence of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Densification Behavior, Surface Quality and Hardness of 18Ni300 Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Gan Li ◽  
Cheng Guo ◽  
Wen Feng Guo ◽  
Hong Xing Lu ◽  
Lin Ju Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Densification Behavior ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Scan Speed

This study investigated the effect of laser power (P), scan speed (v) and hatch space (h) on densification behavior, surface quality and hardness of 18Ni300 maraging steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The results indicated that the relative density of the SLMed samples has a shape increase from 73% to 97% with the laser energy density increasing from 0.5 to 2.2 J/mm2. The relative density ≥ 99% was achieved at the energy density in the range of 2.2~5.9 J/mm2. The optimum process parameters were found to be laser power of 150~200 W, scan speed of 600mm/s and hatch space of 0.105mm. In addition, it was found that the hardness increased initially with the increasing relative density up to relative density of 90% and then little relationship, but finally increase again significantly. This work provides reference for determining process parameters for SLMed maraging steel and the development of 3D printing of die steels.

scholarly journals Influence of Selective Laser Melting Technological Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Elements Using 316L Austenitic Steel

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kluczyński ◽  
Lucjan Śnieżek ◽  
Krzysztof Grzelak ◽  
Jacek Janiszewski ◽  
Paweł Płatek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Laser Melting

The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different energy density values used for the additively manufactured elements using selective laser melting (SLM).The group of process parameters considered was selected from the first-stage parameters identified in preliminary research. Samples manufactured using three different sets of parameter values were subjected to static tensile and compression tests. The samples were also subjected to dynamic Split–Hopkinson tests. To verify the microstructural changes after the dynamic tests, microstructural analyses were conducted. Additionally, the element deformation during the tensile tests was analyzed using digital image correlation (DIC). To analyze the influence of the selected parameters and verify the layered structure of the manufactured elements, sclerometer scratch hardness tests were carried out on each sample. Based on the research results, it was possible to observe the porosity growth mechanism and its influence on the material strength (including static and dynamic tests). Parameters modifications that caused 20% lower energy density, as well as elongation of the elements during tensile testing, decreased twice, which was strictly connected with porosity growth. An increase of energy density, by almost three times, caused a significant reduction of force fluctuations differences between both tested surfaces (parallel and perpendicular to the building platform) during sclerometer hardness testing. That kind of phenomenon had been taken into account in the microstructure investigations before and after dynamic testing, where it had been spotted as a positive impact on material deformations based on fused material formation after SLM processing.

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