Efficacy and safety of rituximab therapy in patients with autoimmune neurological disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 118822
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Giannoccaro ◽  
Vincenzo Donadio ◽  
Veria Vacchiano ◽  
Patrizia Avoni ◽  
Rocco Liguori
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

scholarly journals Efficacy of Acupuncture for Health Conditions in Children: A Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 670-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Libonate ◽  
Subhadra Evans ◽  
Jennie C. I. Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Childhood Problems

Acupuncture has been used to treat a variety of childhood problems; however, the efficacy and safety of pediatric acupuncture remains unclear. This article reviews the existing empirical literature relating to the use of acupuncture for medical conditions in children. A systematic search of the literature revealed that acupuncture has been used to treat five main conditions in children, including pain, nocturnal enuresis, postoperative nausea/vomiting, laryngospasm/stridor, and neurological disorders. Despite a number of methodological issues, including limited sample sizes, lack of randomization, and inappropriate control groups, it is concluded that acupuncture represents a promising intervention for a variety of pediatric health conditions. To further address the safety, effectiveness, and acceptability of acupuncture in children, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed.

scholarly journals Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of IncobotulinumtoxinA for Sialorrhea in Children: SIPEXI

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012573
Author(s):  
Steffen Berweck ◽  
Marcin Bonikowski ◽  
Heakyung Kim ◽  
Michael Althaus ◽  
Birgit Flatau-Baqué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Open Label Extension ◽  
Main Period

Background and Objectives:This prospective phase III study (SIPEXI) investigated efficacy and safety of repeated injections of incobotulinumtoxinA (incoBoNT/A) for treatment of chronic sialorrhea (drooling) associated with neurological disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury) and/or intellectual disability in children/adolescents.Methods:The study enrolled 2-17-year-olds with sialorrhea due to neurological disorders and/or intellectual disability. Patients received body weight-dependent doses of incoBoNT/A (20 U to 75 U). A main period with 1 injection cycle (placebo-controlled, double-blind, 6-17-year-olds) was followed by an open-label extension with up to 3 further cycles. An additional cohort of 2-5-year-olds received active treatment throughout the study. Co-primary endpoints were the change in unstimulated salivary flow rate (uSFR) from baseline to week 4, and the carers’ global impression of change scale (GICS) rating at week 4. Adverse events were recorded.Results:In the main period, 220 patients aged 6-17 years were randomized and treated (148 patients in incoBoNT/A group, 72 patients in placebo group). 35 patients aged 2-5 years received incoBoNT/A (no placebo). 214 patients aged 6-17 years and 33 patients aged 2-5 years continued treatment in the open-label extension period. For the 6-17-year-olds, a significant difference between incoBoNT/A and placebo was seen in the mean uSFR decrease (difference: -0.06 g/min; p = 0.0012) and the carers’ GICS rating (difference: 0.28 points; p = 0.032) at week 4, in favor of active treatment. The secondary endpoints consistently supported these results. A sustained benefit was observed during the extension. Incidences of adverse events were comparable between incoBoNT/A and placebo and did not increase notably with repeated injections. The most common adverse events were respiratory infections. Efficacy and safety were also favorable in the uncontrolled cohort of 2-5-year-olds.Discussion:Both co-primary efficacy endpoints were reached and superiority of incoBoNT/A over placebo was confirmed. IncoBoNT/A (up to 75 U, up to 4 cycles) is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders in children.Study registrations:Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02270736 (www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT02270736); EU Clinical Trials Register: 2013-004532-30 (www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2013-004532-30).Classification of evidence:This study provides Class I evidence that injection of incobotulinumtoxinA decreases drooling in children aged 6-17 years with neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Health Beneficial Properties of Spirulina in Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases - The Green Metabolic Regulator from the Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-819
Author(s):  
SOPHIA OGECHI EKEUKU ◽  
IMA-NIRWANA SOELAIMAN ◽  
KOK-YONG CHIN
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Sains Malaysiana 50(3)(2021): 803-819http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-21Health Beneficial Properties of Spirulina in Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases - The Green Metabolic Regulator from the Sea(Manfaat Kesihatan Spirulina dalam Mencegah Penyakit Tidak Berjangkit - Pengatur Metabolik Hijau dari Laut)SOPHIA OGECHI EKEUKU, IMA-NIRWANA SOELAIMAN, KOK-YONG CHIN*ABSTRACTSpirulina is a type of cyanobacteria containing various micro- and macronutrients and has been used as a functional food. Due to its nutritional components, spirulina possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can potentially prevent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) triggered by inflammation and oxidative stress. This review aims to provide an overview of the effects of spirulina supplementation on NCDs derived from cellular, animals, and human studies. The current literature generally showed that spirulina could protect against NCDs, such as metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, gastric ulcer, hepatic, renal, and neurological disorders. These beneficial effects were mediated through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of spirulina and seem to be dependent on dose and duration of treatment. Despite the abundance of preclinical studies, human clinical trials validating the effects of spirulina on NCDs are lacking. These preclinical findings warrant a proper clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of spirulina supplementation in protecting human against NCDs.

Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Kepone Treatment in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Richard L. Klein ◽  
Åsa K. Thureson-Klein ◽  
Harihara M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

KeponeR (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) is an insecticide effective against ants and roaches. It can cause severe toxicity in fishes, birds, rodents and man. Prominent effects include hepatic lipid deposition and hypertrophy, impairment of reproductive capacity and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase is also inhibited. The present study is a preliminary investigation of tissue ultrastructural changes accompanying physiological signs of acute toxicity, which after two days treatment include: pronounced hypersensitivity and tremor, various degrees of anorexia and adipsia, and decreased weight gain.Three different series of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River or CD-I) were treated by intubation with Kepone in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg per kg for 3 successive days or at 200 ppm in food for 8 days. After ether anesthesia, rats were immediately perfused via a cannula in the left ventricle with 4% p-formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for 20-30 min at 22°C.

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