Bioefficacy of rainbow trout flesh lipids depending on amino acid levels in compound feeds

The article examines the effect of complete compound feeds with different lysine and methionine levels on lipid bioefficacy indicators in rainbow trout flesh. The experiment was aimed at determining the effect of different types of amino acid nutrition of commercial rainbow trout on the fatty acid composition of flesh lipids as well as their bioefficacy. For this purpose, we formed five experimental groups by the method of analogs. The experiment lasted 210 days and consisted of two periods, namely equalizing (10 days) and main (200 days). Throughout the equalizing period, the feeding ration was the same for fish in the control and experimental groups. Throughout the main period, lysine and methionine levels in the experimental compound feeds for various experimental trout groups ranged from 2.5 to 2.9% and from 0.8 to 1.0%, respectively. During the study, rainbow trout was fed 4–6 times a day, in the daytime and at regular intervals. The required amount of feeds was calculated based on the indices of individual fish body weight and temperature at the time of feeding. Commercial two-year-olds were reared in ponds with an area of 100 m2 at a stocking density of 50 specimens/m2, and a water level of 1 m. The total number of trout in experimental studies was 25 thousand specimens. It was found that the main share of fatty acids in rainbow trout flesh lipids is saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The study demonstrated that the use of compound feeds with increased lysine and methionine levels for the fish of the 4th experimental group resulted in an increase in the content of saturated fatty acids in the flesh by 5.84% versus control. An increase in the amino acid nutritional value of the compound feeds subsequently led to an increase in the content of linoleic acid in the trout flesh by 0.19–0.24% versus control.

SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF YOUTH AGE

The author in his article examines the psychological characteristics of adolescence. Highlights the patterns of development of adolescence as the main period of professional self-determination, assimilation of the role of a specialist, entry into «adult» life, which lead to the successful professional formation of a future specialist.

Features of feeding the slaughter young stock of minks with complete feed

In the domestic fur farming there is an urgent need to introduce an alternative type of feeding for young minks. The purpose of the work is to study possible of feeding commercial young minks with complete feed, consisting of animal and plant components. Methods. In a scientific and economic experiment on young sapphire minks intended for slaughter, 2 groups were formed according to the principle of analogues, 32 heads each (16 males and 16 females): I – control, II – experimental. The animals of the control group received from 2015 August 5 to September 15 a typical general economic ration in the form of a wet mash, an experimental one – a loose, complete feed (made according to a recipe developed by us, taking into account the current norms), mixed with water in a ratio of 1:2. All experimental studies were carried out using classical zootechnical, pathomorphological, histological, veterinary-sanitary and statistical methods. Results and scope. The dynamics of the live weight of the experimental minks showed that by the beginning of the main period, the males and females of the experimental group lagged behind the control animals, after switching to the main diet for slaughter, the males lag remained and the females caught up with the control animals. But the control and experimental animals did not differ in the length of the carcass. The safety of the livestock was higher in the experimental group: males – 100 %, females – 93.75 %; in control – 93.75 % and 87.5 %, respectively. According to the main productive indicator – the quality test – the skins of the control and experimental animals did not have significant differences. Thus, the development of an alternative type of feeding is quite possible, but it requires improvement in the direction of increasing the coefficient of digestibility of nutrients and adaptation of males to an uncharacteristic type of feeding. Scientific novelty. The prospects and the need to introduce an alternative type of feeding the commercial young stock of minks with full-feed compound feeds into the domestic fur farming are outlined.

Ozone Resistance of Vulcanizates Based on XNB Rubber

The paper represents ozone resistance of rubbers based on carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber cured with epoxy resins and magnesium oxide. Ozone resistance was investigated using the express-method at a flow rate of the ozone-air mixture of 9 l/h and ozone content of 9 mg/l. In the method used, the “time to cracking start” indicator was taken as the basic indicator of ozone resistance. The second indicator characterizing the ozone resistance of elastomeric materials was the "rate of destruction" in the main period of destruction. There has been evaluated the effect of dissolved polyvinyl chloride in epoxy resin ED-20 on the properties of vulcanizates. There has been investigated the Increase in destruction time under the action of ozone.

Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of IncobotulinumtoxinA for Sialorrhea in Children: SIPEXI

Background and Objectives:This prospective phase III study (SIPEXI) investigated efficacy and safety of repeated injections of incobotulinumtoxinA (incoBoNT/A) for treatment of chronic sialorrhea (drooling) associated with neurological disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury) and/or intellectual disability in children/adolescents.Methods:The study enrolled 2-17-year-olds with sialorrhea due to neurological disorders and/or intellectual disability. Patients received body weight-dependent doses of incoBoNT/A (20 U to 75 U). A main period with 1 injection cycle (placebo-controlled, double-blind, 6-17-year-olds) was followed by an open-label extension with up to 3 further cycles. An additional cohort of 2-5-year-olds received active treatment throughout the study. Co-primary endpoints were the change in unstimulated salivary flow rate (uSFR) from baseline to week 4, and the carers’ global impression of change scale (GICS) rating at week 4. Adverse events were recorded.Results:In the main period, 220 patients aged 6-17 years were randomized and treated (148 patients in incoBoNT/A group, 72 patients in placebo group). 35 patients aged 2-5 years received incoBoNT/A (no placebo). 214 patients aged 6-17 years and 33 patients aged 2-5 years continued treatment in the open-label extension period. For the 6-17-year-olds, a significant difference between incoBoNT/A and placebo was seen in the mean uSFR decrease (difference: -0.06 g/min; p = 0.0012) and the carers’ GICS rating (difference: 0.28 points; p = 0.032) at week 4, in favor of active treatment. The secondary endpoints consistently supported these results. A sustained benefit was observed during the extension. Incidences of adverse events were comparable between incoBoNT/A and placebo and did not increase notably with repeated injections. The most common adverse events were respiratory infections. Efficacy and safety were also favorable in the uncontrolled cohort of 2-5-year-olds.Discussion:Both co-primary efficacy endpoints were reached and superiority of incoBoNT/A over placebo was confirmed. IncoBoNT/A (up to 75 U, up to 4 cycles) is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders in children.Study registrations:Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02270736 (www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT02270736); EU Clinical Trials Register: 2013-004532-30 (www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2013-004532-30).Classification of evidence:This study provides Class I evidence that injection of incobotulinumtoxinA decreases drooling in children aged 6-17 years with neurological disorders.

Capicua Regulates Dendritic Morphogenesis Through Ets in Hippocampal Neurons in vitro

Capicua (Cic), a transcriptional repressor frequently mutated in brain cancer oligodendroglioma, is highly expressed in adult neurons. However, its function in the dendritic growth of neurons in the hippocampus remains poorly understood. Here, we confirmed that Cic was expressed in hippocampal neurons during the main period of dendritogenesis, suggesting that Cic has a function in dendrite growth. Loss-of-function and gain-of function assays indicated that Cic plays a central role in the inhibition of dendritic morphogenesis and dendritic spines in vitro. Further studies showed that overexpression of Cic reduced the expression of Ets in HT22 cells, while in vitro knockdown of Cic in hippocampal neurons significantly elevated the expression of Ets. These results suggest that Cic may negatively control dendrite growth through Ets, which was confirmed by ShRNA knockdown of either Etv4 or Etv5 abolishing the phenotype of Cic knockdown in cultured neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that Cic inhibits dendritic morphogenesis and the growth of dendritic spines through Ets.

REPRODUCTION AND RECRUITMENT OF THE BROWN SHRIMP Penaeus subtilis IN THE AMAZON RIVER CONTINENTAL SHELF

This paper analyzes the pattern of the reproduction and recruitment of the pink shrimp Penaeus subtilis in the Amazon River continental shelf. Biostatistics samples obtained on board of industrial fishing vessels and in the estuaries of the northeastern state of Para were use in the analysis as well as monthly data on landings processed by commercial category. The sex ratio, for female and male respectively, was 61% to 39%, in the samples of commercial fishery, and 54% to 46%, in the samples of the estuary. The size at first maturity of females was estimated at 142.6 mm. The period of highest intensity of reproductive activity ranges from May to September. The settlement of post-larvae and residence period of juveniles in the estuary occurs with more intensity between June and September and the period of highest intensity of recruitment to the fishing areas begins in September extending until January of the following year. The main period of developing and maturing of the individuals ranges from November to July. It was observed a strong relationship between the hydrological cycle in the region, mainly the flow of Amazon River, and the life cycle of the species. Keywords: brown shrimp, sexual maturity, reproduction period, juvenile recruitment, Amazon.

Drought evolution characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the last 100 years based on SPEI

The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) of the Tibetan Plateau was calculated using the CRU4.03 gridded dataset from 1901 to 2018 in this paper. Then, based on the SPEI data, drought on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was studied in terms of its spatial and temporal distributions and its changing characteristics over the last 100 years. The results revealed that the precipitation in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been steadily rising over the last 100 years, in conjunction with only minor temperature shifts. In the northwestern part of the plateau, precipitation has decreased significantly, accompanied by a significant increase in temperature. The drought on the Tibetan Plateau showed a clear gradual increase in aridity from southeast to northwest over the last hundred years. The SPEI also showed distinct seasonal patterns, steadily increasing in spring and summer and decreasing significantly in autumn and winter. In addition, each season had its own spatial characteristics. The northeastern part of the plateau, except the Qaidam Basin, showed a significant aridity trend in all seasons. A wet trend prevailed in the southeastern and southern areas. Drought on the Tibetan Plateau exhibits apparent cyclical oscillations with a main period of 54 years and has different cyclical characteristics in different seasons.

Employee Adaptation As an Essential Element of Human Resource Management in a Production Organization

The article analyzes the features of adaptation of an employee of a production organization as a process of adaptation of a young specialist ("novice") to the changing conditions of the workplace, as well as the labor collective to a new employee and to changes in the internal and external environment of the organization. The specifics and differences between adaptation and probation period as the main period of the process of adaptation of a new employee to the organization are determined. Focuses on the revival of mentoring, in which the education of the "newbie" is performed by attaching officials and (or) the most trained workers - "mentors" responsible for the development of professional qualities of the appointed employee. The experience of adaptation in power structures is analyzed.

Evolution of meteorological factors during 1980–2015 in the Daqing River Basin, North China

Precipitation and temperature data, such as the homogeneity, trend, abrupt change, and periodicity, obtained at 40 meteorological stations in the Daqing River Basin from 1980 to 2015 are analyzed using the Mann–Kendall method, anomaly accumulation, Rescaled range analysis (R/S analysis) and wavelet transform. The regularity of climate change is studied to provide guidelines for the rational utilization of water resources. The results show that the annual precipitation has an insignificant upward trend and suddenly changes in 2007. The precipitation evolution can be divided into three types of periodicity, that is, 22–32, 8–16, and 3–7 year time scales, where the 28 year scale is the first main period of precipitation change. The annual average temperature shows a notable upward trend, with 1992 as the change year. The annual average temperature can be divided into three types of periodicity, that is, the 25–32, 14–20, and 5–10 year time scales, where the 28 year scale is the first main period of temperature change. In conclusion, the climate of the Daqing River Basin gradually turns into humid and hot climate. The results provide valuable reference for the assessment of the effects of climate change, and the management of water resources.