Inter-group Contact and Out-Group Altruism After Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 102420
Author(s):  
Sam Whitt ◽  
Rick K. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Group Contact

scholarly journals The Influence of Contact Intensity with the Outside Environment on the Bodyʼs Adaptive Capabilities During Antarctic Wintering

2021 ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Valentin Dey ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Polishchuk ◽  
Vladimir Pokrovskiy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influence ◽  
High Respiratory Rate ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Group Contact ◽  
One Year ◽  
Medical University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

The research was conducted by a member of the 60th Russian Antarctic Expedition at the all-yearround Mirny Station. The aim was to study what influence contact intensity with the outside environment has on adaptive capabilities of polar station staff. The level of adaptive capabilities was evaluated using the method of cardio-respiratory synchronism, assessing the index of regulatory and adaptive status (IRAS). This method had been developed at the Normal Physiology Department of Kuban State Medical University under the supervision of Prof. V.M. Pokrovsky. It is based on recording the synchronization parameters of controlled high respiratory rate and heart rate. We compared IRAS dynamics of two aerologists during one year of wintering. The subjects had similar anthropometric data, health status and working conditions, the same length of Antarctic wintering (6 years) and were in the same age group. Contact intensity with the outside environment was determined by varying periods spent outside the station premises, mostly due to the lay-out of the residential and amenity buildings (canteen, leisure area, medical unit, gym). This period ranged from 2 to 7 hours on different days. The negative IRAS dynamics, being a marker of human adaptive capabilities, allowed us to identify the relationship between the intensity of environmental influence and the level of the body’s adaptive abilities in one of the expedition members who had been exposed to stronger environmental effects. The authors conclude that proper organization of off-duty periods aimed to decrease the influence of the outside environment will contribute to improving the health of the station staff and optimize their living conditions.

What is contact?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odo Diekmann ◽  
Hans Heesterbeek ◽  
Tom Britton
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Pair Approximation ◽  
Approximation Technique ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Graphs And Networks ◽  
Fixed Subset ◽  
Group Contact ◽  
Contact Graphs

This chapter focuses on the myriad ways in which one can model contacts between individuals. The two most important aspects of contacts for infection transmission are (1) the number of contacts per unit of time, and (2) the number of different individuals with whom these contacts occur. Aspect 1 is concerned not only with variation in the number of transmission opportunities during a pairing, but also with the duration of the pairing. Aspect 2 concerns spatial or social networks with variation in the set of potential “contactees.” This could be the entire population, a dynamic subset of the population, or a fixed subset of the population. The remainder of the chapter discusses the new aspects that arise in heterogeneous populations where different types of individuals are recognized; consistency conditions; populations that consist of very many small groups, like a community of households, with intense within-group contact; graphs and networks; and the pair approximation technique.

Injection d'ancrages à base de ciment Portland dans l'arctique

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahim Benmokrane ◽  
Pierre-Claude Aïtcin ◽  
Gérard Ballivy
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cement Grout ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Rock Layer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Contact

During summer, it is possible to inject Portland cement grout in the Arctic because there is a layer of unfrozen rock surface which is approximately 2 m deep. During the month of August, the temperature of the unfrozen rock layer reaches +5 °C at a depth of 1 m, which allows the Portland cement to harden in good conditions and to acquire its full strength.After 7 days, the mean shear strength to failure at the rod–group contact, determined when the anchorages were pulled out, was 10 MPa. After 1 year, this strength was close to 20 MPa. These results are similar to those recorded in Sherbrooke for the same grout formulas. Key words: anchorage, cement grout, rock, Arctic, tearing off. [Journal translation]

scholarly journals Acting in Solidarity: Cross-Group Contact between Disadvantaged Group Members and Advantaged Group Allies

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Droogendyk ◽  
Stephen C. Wright ◽  
Micah Lubensky ◽  
Winnifred R. Louis
Keyword(s):  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Contact

Transportation into literary fiction reduces prejudice against and increases empathy for Arab-Muslims

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Prejudice Reduction ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Narrative Fiction ◽  
Mood Change ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
Induced Mood ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Group Contact

In two studies, indirect out-group contact via narrative fiction was shown to foster empathic growth and reduce prejudice. Participants read an excerpt from a fictional novel about a counterstereotypical Arab-Muslim woman. Individuals who were more transported into the story rated Arab-Muslims significantly lower in stereotypical negative traits (Study 1, N = 67) and exhibited significantly lower negative attitudes toward Arab-Muslims (Study 2, N = 102) post-reading than individuals who were less transported into the story. These effects persisted after controlling for baseline Arab-Muslim prejudice, reading-induced mood change, and demand characteristics. Affective empathy for Arab-Muslims and intrinsic motivation to reduce prejudice were also significantly increased by the story and each provided independent explanatory mechanisms for transportation’s association with prejudice reduction. Narrative fiction offers a safe and rich context in which exposure and understanding of an out-group can occur and can easily be incorporated in educational and applied settings.

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