Characteristics of robust animals for grass-based production systems

A characterisation of dairy, beef and sheep breeds and/or strains best suited to profitable/sustainable production within the context of European [semi] intensive pasture-based systems is presented. To deliver optimal performance, pasture must be managed effectively, but pasture-based systems are less energy intensive, are climate sensitive and induce challenges and constraints not normally posed to animals in intensive feeding environments. This emphasises the importance of animal traits associated with robustness and adaptive abilities. A survey of French dairy farmers concluded that a robust cow is an “invisible” cow with a long lifetime. The traits common to both indoor and grazing systems include: efficient converters of feed to human edible products, functionality, being healthy, reproductively fit and exhibiting longevity. Unique to successful grazing is the capability to achieve large intakes of forage to meet productive potential, an ability to adapt to fluctuating feed supply and, in seasonal systems, the ability to conceive and give birth at the appropriate time each year, usually within 365 d. The breed or strain of choice may differ based on local management constraints and objectives; however, general principles apply, and ideally should be guided by a suitable selection index combining all of the economically important traits appropriate to the local conditions and systems.

Psychophysiological features of the sport's influence on the regulatory and adaptive abilities of teenagers

It is shown, that sport activities and shooting extremelly increase workability, self-control, impact on development of blood circulation's adaptation and optimization. Key words: teenage, floorball, stand shooting, brain abilities, psychophysiological comfort, cardiovascular system.

ANXIETY DISORDERS IN SOMATIC HOSPITAL PATIENTS "BEFORE" AND "AFTER"

В статье анализируются тревожные расстройства, возникающие на фоне вирусной пневмонии, вызванной коронавирусом SARS-CoV-19. Прослежены частота проявлений, формы нарушений, особенности тревоги во время инфекционного процесса у пациентов с тяжелыми соматическими заболеваниями. Отмечены изменения тревожных нарушений в процессе затягивания пандемии, свидетельствующие о снижении адаптационных способностей у людей с комбинированными соматическими нарушениями. The article analyzes anxiety disorders that occur against the background of viral pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-19 coronavirus. The frequency of manifestations, forms of disorders, features of anxiety during the infectious process in patients with severe somatic diseases were traced. Changes in anxiety disorders in the process of delaying the pandemic were noted, indicating a decrease in adaptive abilities in people with combined somatic disorders.

Distress tolerance and adaptive capabilities in naval specialists with signs of professional burnout

Introduction. Modern research shows that distress tolerance and adaptive capabilities directly determine the structure, development, and the rate of formation of professional burnout, which predetermines the relevance of their study.Mission: to assess the distress tolerance and the structure of socio-psychological adaptation in naval specialists who have (or do not have) signs of professional burnout.Materials and methods. The study involved 250 naval specialists aged 25 to 45 years, divided into 2 groups — with absence (group 1, 91 people) and presence (group 2, 159 people) of the signs of professional burnout, in which the distress tolerance and the structure of social and psychological adaptation was determined.Results and their discussion. It was found that naval specialists with signs of professional burnout, in comparison with those who do not have it, reviled significantly higher indicators of adaptability, self-acceptance, acceptance of others, emotional comfort, internal control, adaptive abilities, neuropsychic stability, communicative potential, and personal adaptive potential, and significantly lower indicators of external control, statements, and escapism (avoiding problems).Conclusion. It is advisable to take into account the indicators of distress tolerance and the structure of socio-psychological adaptation, which play an important role in the rapid adaptation to various situations and prevent nervous breakdowns and prevent the occurrence of professional burnout.

The Influence of Contact Intensity with the Outside Environment on the Bodyʼs Adaptive Capabilities During Antarctic Wintering

The research was conducted by a member of the 60th Russian Antarctic Expedition at the all-yearround Mirny Station. The aim was to study what influence contact intensity with the outside environment has on adaptive capabilities of polar station staff. The level of adaptive capabilities was evaluated using the method of cardio-respiratory synchronism, assessing the index of regulatory and adaptive status (IRAS). This method had been developed at the Normal Physiology Department of Kuban State Medical University under the supervision of Prof. V.M. Pokrovsky. It is based on recording the synchronization parameters of controlled high respiratory rate and heart rate. We compared IRAS dynamics of two aerologists during one year of wintering. The subjects had similar anthropometric data, health status and working conditions, the same length of Antarctic wintering (6 years) and were in the same age group. Contact intensity with the outside environment was determined by varying periods spent outside the station premises, mostly due to the lay-out of the residential and amenity buildings (canteen, leisure area, medical unit, gym). This period ranged from 2 to 7 hours on different days. The negative IRAS dynamics, being a marker of human adaptive capabilities, allowed us to identify the relationship between the intensity of environmental influence and the level of the body’s adaptive abilities in one of the expedition members who had been exposed to stronger environmental effects. The authors conclude that proper organization of off-duty periods aimed to decrease the influence of the outside environment will contribute to improving the health of the station staff and optimize their living conditions.

PROFESSIONAL HEALTH OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS-REANIMATOLOGISTS

The work of anesthesiologists-reanimatologists is associated with stressful and extreme working conditions, which increases the likelihood of the development of various occupational health disorders that negatively affect the effectiveness of their activities. In order to identify and describe the characteristics of the professional health of anesthesiologists-reanimatologists, 51 anesthesiologists-reanimatologists of the Arkhangelsk region were examined (average age  51.9 ± 8.7 years). Methods used: questionnaire "Attitude to work and professional burnout" V.А. Vinokura (ORPV), Multilevel personality questionnaire "Adaptability" (MLO-AM) A.G. Maklakov and S.V. Chermyanina, Lusher's color test, “Questionnaire of professional relevance of a personality” by E.V. Kharitonova. It was found that 2/3 of the examined anesthesiologists-reanimatologists have a formed syndrome of professional burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, decreased satisfaction with their professional activities and self-esteem, 76.5% - reduced adaptive abilities. 70.6% of doctors have health complaints. Every fifth person is dissatisfied with the degree of realization of their professional potential.

Blood clotting parameters in revision knee replacement patients with aseptic instability and periprosthetic infection

Введение. Представляет интерес оценка адаптационных возможностей системы гемостаза у пациентов, поступающих для ревизионного эндопротезирования коленного сустава, с использованием теста генерации тромбина (ТГТ). Цель исследования: оценить на основании ТГТ дооперационное состояние системы гемокоагуляции у больных, поступивших для ревизионного эндопротезирования коленного сустава по поводу асептической нестабильности протеза или перипротезной инфекции. Материалы и методы. Пациенты с воспалительными осложнениями, поступившие для ревизионного эндопротезирования коленного сустава, были разделены на 2 группы: 28 человек с асептическим воспалением и 24 с инфекционным. По результатам ТГТ в каждой группе были выделены подгруппы: пациенты с адекватной реакцией и пациенты с напряжённой реакцией системы гемостаза (всего 4 подгруппы). О состоянии плазменного гемостаза судили по тестам скрининговой коагулограммы. Активность воспаления оценивали по уровням С-реактивного белка (СРБ) и фибриногена. Результаты. Показано, что в каждой из 4 подгрупп больных адаптационные возможности системы гемокоагуляции различны. Выявлены наиболее угрожаемые по развитию тромбогеморрагических осложнений пациенты — это больные (подгруппы 3 и 4) с парадоксальной реакцией процесса тромбинообразования. Влияние воспалительного процесса на развитие гиперкоагуляционного синдрома у пациентов подгруппы 4 подтверждает наличие корреляционных связей между параметрами ТГТ и СРБ. Заключение. Анализ полученных данных показал различные адаптационные возможности системы гемостаза у пациентов с воспалительными осложнениями, развившимися после эндопротезирования коленного сустава. Background. The assessment of adaptive abilities of blood clotting system using thrombin generation assay (TGA) in revision knee replacement patients is a promising issue for researching. Objectives: to assess pre-surgical condition of blood clotting system using TGA in patients admitted for revision knee replacement due to prosthesis aseptic instability or periprosthetic infection. Patients/Methods. Patients with progressing inflammatory complications admitted for revision knee replacement were divided into two groups: 28 patients with aseptic inflammation and 24 patients with infectious inflammation. Based on TGA findings these groups were divided into subgroups: patients with adequate reaction and those with expressed hemostasis reactions (total of four groups). Plasma hemostasis was assessed by screening coagulogram tests. Inflammation severity was assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels. Results. It has been demonstrated that patients of these four groups had different adaptive abilities of their blood clotting systems. The most threatened patents for thrombohemorrhagic complications were found in groups 3 and 4 with their responses of thrombin generation process being paradoxical. The impact of inflammation on hypercoagulable syndrome in patients of group 4 proved correlations between TGA and CRP. Conclusions. Analysis of the data obtained revealed the diversity of adaptive abilities of hemostasis in patients with inflammation complications after total knee replacement.

Index of regulatory-adaptive status of university students to educational load in context of anxiety level measuring

The article touches upon important issues related to measuring the index of the regulatory-adaptive status and adaptive capabilities of students to the educational load in a higher educational institution. Regulatory-adaptive status was determined by the level of students' anxiety. The Spielberg-Khanin technique served as a tool that made it possible to measure the level of situational (reactive) and personal anxiety; measurements of the anxiety level of university students were made at the beginning and at the end of the academic year. According to the results of the study, at the end of the academic year, there was recorded a significant decrease in the regulatory-adaptive abilities of students to the educational load, which contributed to an increase in the level of anxiety, as well as to the redistribution of students in groups according to the level of anxiety: the number of students in the group with a high level of personal anxiety increased, and with moderate level of anxiety - decreased.

Influence of a nurses personality on professional suitability for working in pediatric stationary

The aim of the study the influence of the personal characteristics of a nurse on professional suitability (readiness) to work in a pediatric hospital. The results of the study allow us to assert that the professional suitability of a nurse is influenced by a number of characterological abilities, including such as moral normativity, neuropsychic stability, adaptive abilities, and communication skills. Conclusion. When hiring, a psychodiagnostic examination should be carried out to study the characterological characteristics of future employees, which will reduce the turnover of personnel in pediatric departments. Taking into account the psychological characteristics that affect the professional suitability to work in the pediatric department, it is possible not only to select the most psychologically ready staff, but also to prevent the development of professional deformations and burnout syndrome in employees.