Identifying the Risk Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infection Following Cesarean Section in Adolescent Mothers

Objective.To identify risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) after pediatric posterior spinal fusion procedure by examining characteristics related to the patient, the surgical procedure, and tissue hypoxia.Design.Retrospective case-control study nested in a hospital cohort study.Setting.A 475-bed, tertiary care children's hospital.Methods.All patients who underwent a spinal fusion procedure during the period from January 1995 through December 2006 were included. SSI cases were identified by means of prospective surveillance using National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system definitions. Forty-four case patients who underwent a posterior spinal fusion procedure and developed an SSI were identified and evaluated. Each case patient was matched (on the basis of date of surgery, ± 3 months) to 3 control patients who underwent a posterior spinal fusion procedure but did not develop an SSI. Risk factors for SSI were evaluated by univariate analysis and multivariable conditional logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) andPvalues, were calculated.Results.From 1995 to 2006, the mean annual rate of SSI after posterior spinal fusion procedure was 4.4% (range, 1.1%—6.7%). Significant risk factors associated with SSI in the univariate analysis included the following: a body mass index (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile (OR, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.5–8.3]); antibiotic prophylaxis with clindamycin, compared with other antibiotics (OR, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.2 10.0]); inappropriately low dose of antibiotic (OR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.0–6.6]); and a longer duration of hypothermia (ie, a core body temperature of less than 35.5°C) during surgery (OR, 0.4 [95% CI, 0.2–0.9]). An American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of greater than 2, obesity (ie, a BMI greater than the 95th percentile), antibiotic prophylaxis with clindamycin, and hypothermia were statistically significant in the multivariable model.Conclusion.An ASA score greater than 2, obesity, and antibiotic prophylaxis with clindamycin were independent risk factors for SSI. Hypothermia during surgery appears to provide protection against SSI in this patient population.

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Risk factors associated with surgical site infection in upper and lower gastrointestinal surgery

Surgery Today ◽

10.1007/s00595-007-3637-y ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 404-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Akihiro Watanabe ◽

Shunji Kohnoe ◽

Rinshun Shimabukuro ◽

Takeharu Yamanaka ◽

Yasunori Iso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽

Site Infection ◽

Factors Associated

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A study to assess the risk factors of surgical site infection among mother underwent cesarean section

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 5234-5237

Author(s):

Parimala L ◽

Prathiba P

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Emergency Surgery ◽

Assessment Scale ◽

Infection Prophylaxis ◽

Site Infection ◽

Previous Surgery ◽

Site Assessment

Surgical site infection (SSI) is the second most normal irresistible inconvenience after urinary tract disease following cesarean section (CS). Surgical site infection after a cesarean area is related with expanded maternal horribleness, delayed emergency clinic remain and expanded clinical expenses. The hazard for creating SSI has noteworthily diminished over the three decades, fundamentally inferable from progress in cleanliness condition anti-infection prophylaxis, sterile methodology and other practice. Despite this decrease, the occurrence of surgical site infection is expected in the continuous rise in the incidence of cesarean delivery. A quantitative approach with descriptive study design was chosen to assess the risk factor of surgical site infection among mothers who underwent cesarean section at Saveetha Medical College Hospital. Sixty mothers who fulfil inclusive criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique. Sociodemographic variables were collected by semi-structured questionnaire, and the risk factors were assessed by surgical site assessment scale. The result of the study shows that 22(36.6%) of the mothers were obese, 34 (56.6%) were anaemia, 22 (36.6%) had hypertension, 7 (11.6%) had diabetes mellitus,37 (61.6%) were prolonged hospitalized, 9(15%) of study subject had previous surgery and 18 (30%) of study subject had emergency surgery. The surgical site assessment scale reveals that 31(51.6%) comes under the no-risk category,29(48.3 %) comes under the risk among preoperative mothers, and 22(36.6%) comes under no risk, 38 (63.3 %) comes under risk among post-operative mothers who underwent cesarean section. Thus the factors such as anaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, prolonged hospital stay, previous surgery, and emergency surgery increase the risk for surgical site infection among mothers who underwent cesarean section.

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Incision and Prediction of Risk Factors Related to Surgical Site Infection Following Cesarean Section in Chinese Women

10.20944/preprints202109.0436.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiuxiang Huang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

Site Infection ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

Group Data

Cesarean Section (CS) is one of the most frequently executed surgical procedures in gynecology and obstetrics. After a cesarean section, surgical site infection (SSI) increases hospital stay, lengthens maternal morbidity, and upsurges treatment costs. The current study determines the prevalence and risk factors for surgical site infection following cesarean section in China. A retrospective study was conducted on 23 cases of pregnant women who underwent cesarean section and incision severe infection and detection from March 2017 to January 2020 at Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital in China as the study group, and 20 cases of uninfected cesarean section during the same period were selected as the control group. Data were compared with the controls based on study variables and the presence of SSI. The mean age was 31±2.6. High fever and blood loss were observed in serous SSI-infected patients. The incidence rate of severe surgical site infection was 0.15 %. SSI was observed to be expected in pregnant women who had premature rupture of membrane before surgery (p < 0.001), who underwent postoperative antibiotic therapy (p < 0.001), and the patients who had gestational diabetes mellitus (p <0.001) and hematoma (p < 0.001) during surgery. Hence, following a cesarean section, surgical site infection is common. This research discovered several modifiable risk factors. SSI is associated with multifactorial rather than a single one. The development and strict implementation of a procedure by all health care practitioners can successfully reduce and prevent infection rates following cesarean section.

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Trends of and factors associated with cesarean section related surgical site infections in Guinea

Journal of Public Health in Africa ◽

10.4081/jphia.2019.818 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alexandre Delamou ◽

Bienvenu Salim Camara ◽

Sidikiba Sidibé ◽

Alioune Camara ◽

Nafissatou Dioubaté ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Obstetric Care ◽

Medical Data ◽

Site Infection ◽

Care Policy ◽

Factors Associated

Since the adoption of free obstetric care policy in Guinea in 2011, no study has examined the surgical site infections in maternity facilities. The objective of this study was to assess the trends of and factors associated with surgical site infection following cesarean section in Guinean maternity facilities from 2013 to 2015. This was a retrospective cohort study using routine medical data from ten facilities. Overall, the incidence of surgical site infections following cesarean section showed a declining trend across the three periods (10% in 2013, 7% in 2014 and 5% in 2015, P<0.001). Women who underwent cesarean section in 2014 (AOR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.57-0.84) and 2015 (AOR: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.34-0.55) were less likely to develop surgical site infections during hospital stay than women operated in 2013. In the contrary, women with comorbidities were more likely to experience surgical site infection (AOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.25-1.90) than those who did not have comorbidities. The reductions achieved in 2014 and 2015 (during the Ebola outbreak) should be sustained in the post-Ebola context.

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Incidence of Surgical Site Infection among Post C Section Women Presented in Surgical Emergency of tertiary care hospital

10.53350/pjmhs211581836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1836-1837

Author(s):

S Aliza Z Bokhari ◽

M. Irfan Fazal ◽

Maha Naseem ◽

M. Adnan Mumtaz ◽

S. Mahum Z Bokhari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Site Infection ◽

Surgical Emergency ◽

Key Factor ◽

Questionnaire Form ◽

Aseptic Conditions

Aim: To rule out incidence and risk factors that are associated with infection at site of surgery after cesarean section. Method: A type of retrospective study was conducted on 100 women who underwent cesarean delivery procedures within a period of 8 month from September 2020 to April 2021 and presented in surgical emergency at Mayo Hospital Lahore. The socioeconomic, demographic and clinical parameters of patients were collected by a questionnaire form. A program known as SPSS version 20 was used for analysis of data that is collected in study. Result: After analyzing the data following factors are identified that causes surgical site infection: Higher BMI (more than 30kg/m2), loss of blood during cesarean section(more than 500mL), poor hygienic care after cesarean section, poor socioeconomic status leads to malnutrition of patient and that leads to poor wound healing and surgical site infection. Lack of education is also a key factor in SSIs. Cesarean done in emergency under improper aseptic conditions also promote SSIs. All these factors are associated with incidence of SSI. Conclusion: SSIS are conventional among women presented in surgical emergency of Mayo Hospital Lahore within 30 days of cesarean section. Management of risk factors causing SSIs in women after cesarean section may decrease the incidence of such infections. Keywords: Cesarean section, risk factors, infection at surgery site.

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