Student Perception of Face-to-Face vs Online Language Training

Since the spring of 2020, practically all educational institutions have transferred instruction online. However, questions remain about whether online learning is as effective as face-to-face (F2F) one. This is especially relevant in the case of non-formal adult education, as students have competing demands on their time, established learning habits, and their relationship with a training provider is short-term. This paper compares results of students’ evaluation of teaching (SET) collected from two adult learner cohorts of similar demographic characteristics. While both cohorts had English language courses of the same core content and volume, one studied F2F, the other online. A Likert-type questionnaire form is used for the analysis. Analysis of the results from both groups reveals no statistically significant differences in students’ opinions. Moreover, students are consistent in their overall favorable attitude to both learning formats. A very slight preference towards F2F format is detected in some aspects of the course.

Knowledge and Awareness of Turkish Mothers Regarding Primary Teeth

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the mothers’ knowledge and awareness of primary teeth. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 323 children and their mothers. A questionnaire form consisting of 10 questions about the definition of primary teeth, their total number and treatment requirements was applied to the mothers. Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The rate of wrong answers given by mothers with low education level to the question "What are primary teeth?" was significantly higher (p <0.001). The rate of correct answer given by mothers with low education level to the question "How many primary teeth are there in a healthy dentition?" was significantly lower (p = 0.002). The answer of "no" given by mothers with a low education level to the question "Do you think it is necessary to treat primary teeth?" was significantly higher (p=0.016). The rate of correct answer given by families with a monthly income above 5000 TL to the questions "What are primary teeth?" and "How many primary teeth are present totally?" were significantly higher (p=<0.001). Conclusion: The superior the education level and the monthly income of the family, the higher the rate of answering questions that require information.

CULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE HEARTH CONCEPT IN TURKISH SHELTERS

From the cave to today's residence, in addition to the need for shelter in every place, nutrition has been another important need. While the nutritional needs were met, the concept of the hearth was formed with the discovery of fire and the emergence of the act of cooking. The hearth, which continues to exist in different forms in shelters; It has also had an important place in Turkish culture over time. The cultural sustainability of the concept of the hearth, which can still exist today under different names and places, is a matter of debate. The aim of the study is to examine the spatial and structural changes of the concept of hearth and its cultural sustainability. In this context, a literature review on the use of the concept of hearth in four different periods has been made and its position in the space has been examined. In addition, online and face-to-face surveys were conducted with age groups in three different generations (X, Y and Z generations) in order to evaluate the cultural sustainability of the concept of hearth. The questionnaire form was prepared on a Likert type scale, and the data at the end of the questionnaire were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program. While evaluating the data, frequency, percentile distribution and arithmetic mean were used. As a result of the examinations, the change of the concept of the hearth in the Turkish shelters was tried to be revealed, and inferences were made about the cultural sustainability of the hearth. Keywords: Hearth, Housing, Cultural Sustainability, Traditional Turkish House

Investigation of the Relationship Between the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Perceptions and Leadership Orientations of the Faculty of Sports Sciences Students

This research was carried out to investigate of the relationship between the two-dimensional self-esteem perceptions and leadership orientations of the students of the faculty of sports sciences. In this context, the relational survey model, which is consistent with the main purpose of the study, was used in this quantitative study. A total of 323 students, 125 females and 198 males at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bartın University constitute the sample of the research. Convenience sampling method, one of the non-probabilistic sampling approaches, was used in the selection of the research group. Questionnaire form was used as data collection tool and this form consisted of three parts. The first part includes the “Personal Information Form,” the second part includes the “Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem: Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale” and the third part includes the “Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale.” The descriptive statistics of the raw data obtained through the questionnaire form were first calculated by considering the data type. Then, the reliability of the scales related to the obtained data were investigated, and the difference and correlation tests were used in the statistical evaluation. In this direction, it has been determined that there are significant correlations within the scope of age and family income level variables. However, there was no significant relationship within the scope of personal income level variable. On the other hand, it was found that there are significant differences in the scope of department and actively doing sports variables. However, it was observed that there were no significant differences in the scope of gender, grade, and place of residence variables. On the other hand, it was determined that there were positive and moderately significant correlations between the participants’ scores of self-liking and political leadership, human resources leadership, charismatic leadership and structural leadership. In addition, it was found that there were positive and moderately significant correlations between the self-competence scores of the participants and the scores of political leadership, charismatic leadership and structural leadership. On the other hand, it was understood that there was a statistically significant positive and low-level correlation between the participants' self-competence scores and their human resources leadership scores. As a result, it can be said that as the self-esteem of the participants increases, their leadership orientation also increases. In this context, it can be said that increasing the self-esteem of the participants is an important concept in the context of leadership orientations.

Strategies of University Students to Cope with COVID-19 and the Role of Psychological Flexibility

The COVID-19 outbreak is an important stress factor that threatens the health of individuals both physically and psychologically. Within the scope of struggling the outbreak, many precautions, such as quarantine practices, social distance rules, distance education, flexible working hours have been taken and the lives of individuals have changed greatly. One of the groups that have been significantly influenced by this process is university students. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the ways in which university students cope with the outbreak and to understand the role of psychological flexibility. There were 457 university students in the study. Participants completed an online questionnaire form comprising items relevant to their coping strategies and psychological flexibility levels. Results revealed that participants used transcendental coping the most while relational coping the least. Additionally, psychological inflexibility negatively predicted transcendental, behavioral, and relational coping behaviors. These results revealed the fact that psychological flexibility is an important mechanism that channels students’ coping behaviors in such a critical process.

Workplace Violence Against Police Officers and The Effect of Workplace Violence on Mental Health

Aim: The aim of the research is to reveal the prevalence of violence against police officers and to examine the effect of being subjected to violence on their mental health. Methods: The sample of the research consists of 339 police officers working in different duty areas. Questionnaire technique was used to collect data in the study. The questionnaire form consists of two parts. In the first part of the questionnaire, there are questions to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants (age, gender, marital status, education level, working year, etc.). In the second part of the questionnaire, there are questions to measure workplace violence and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. SPSS 23.0 package program was used in the analysis of the research data. Frequency distribution, descriptive statistics and t-test were used in the analysis of the data. Results: In the current study, it has been determined that 39.2% of police officers have been exposed to at least one type of workplace violence in the last 1 year. It was observed that the most common type of violence was verbal violence (28.9%). The results show that exposure to workplace violence negatively affects the stress and depression levels of police officers. Conclusion: Research results show that workplace violence is an important risk factor for police officers. Being exposed to violence also negatively affects the mental health of police officers. These results show the importance of implementing policies to prevent violence against police officers. Keywords: Police Officers, Workplace Violence, Stress, Depression And Anxiety

Investigation of the Relationship Between the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Perceptions and Leadership Orientations of the Faculty of Sports Sciences Students

This research was carried out to investigate of the relationship between the two-dimensional self-esteem perceptions and leadership orientations of the students of the faculty of sports sciences. In this context, the relational survey model, which is consistent with the main purpose of the study, was used in this quantitative study. A total of 323 students, 125 females and 198 males at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bartın University constitute the sample of the research. Convenience sampling method, one of the non-probabilistic sampling approaches, was used in the selection of the research group. Questionnaire form was used as data collection tool and this form consisted of three parts. The first part includes the “Personal Information Form,” the second part includes the “Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem: Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale” and the third part includes the “Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale.” The descriptive statistics of the raw data obtained through the questionnaire form were first calculated by considering the data type. Then, the reliability of the scales related to the obtained data were investigated, and the difference and correlation tests were used in the statistical evaluation. In this direction, it has been determined that there are significant correlations within the scope of age and family income level variables. However, there was no significant relationship within the scope of personal income level variable. On the other hand, it was found that there are significant differences in the scope of department and actively doing sports variables. However, it was observed that there were no significant differences in the scope of gender, grade, and place of residence variables. On the other hand, it was determined that there were positive and moderately significant correlations between the participants’ scores of self-liking and political leadership, human resources leadership, charismatic leadership and structural leadership. In addition, it was found that there were positive and moderately significant correlations between the self-competence scores of the participants and the scores of political leadership, charismatic leadership and structural leadership. On the other hand, it was understood that there was a statistically significant positive and low-level correlation between the participants' self-competence scores and their human resources leadership scores. As a result, it can be said that as the self-esteem of the participants increases, their leadership orientation also increases. In this context, it can be said that increasing the self-esteem of the participants is an important concept in the context of leadership orientations.

In women with incontinence, the need for pressure-flow study before surgery and abnormalities in the voiding phase. An up-to-date comment on the available problem accompanied by literature

Objective: To investigate the differences between urodynamic findings and history in women with urinary incontinence before surgery and clarify the need for preoperative pressure-flow studies. Materials and methods: The medical records of 1018 women who underwent urodynamic examination for urinary incontinence between 2010 and 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Stress (n = 442), urge (n = 334) and mixed (n = 242) were classified as type urinary incontinence according to urodynamics. The voiding phase findings of the patients were examined. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.85 ± 0.27 years. 18.4% of patients (n = 187) had voiding phase problems. Furthermore, this condition was seen in the most urge incontinence type urinary incontinence (35%). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups' voiding phase findings (p < 0.0001). The relationship between the patient's history and international consultation on incontinence questionnaire form scoring (ICIQ) and the urodynamics results showed no excellent correlation. Conclusions: Voiding phase abnormalities are not uncommon in patients with urinary incontinence. They should be considered in the evaluation of patients. Voiding phase findings may show significant differences between urodynamic data and history. Besides, the data obtained with the questionnaire forms were significantly different from the findings obtained by urodynamics. Consequently, urodynamics may change pre-operative clinical decision.

AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL HEPÁTICO, DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR E DE ÁLCOOL EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

Hepatic steatosis is a condition that affects the liver by increasing the visceral fat causing hepatic damage. The disease development might be associated with sedentary lifestyle; unhealthy eating habits; as well as use of tobacco, medications, and alcoholic beverages especially in college students due to change in their routine. In this sense, the goal of this study was to evaluate the hepatic profile of such students throughout the TGO, TGP and Gamma GT enzymes and to correlate this information with data obtained by a questionnaire regarding food consumption, alcohol intake, tobacco use and physical activity. In order to do so, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in individuals of both genders, male and female, aged between 18 and 30 years old and from different graduation courses in which such students filled out a questionnaire form and underwent venous collection for the laboratory analyzes. Forty-six students from different graduation courses were evaluated. Most of them were female (67.40%), single (93.5%), sedentary (73.91%) and making use of alcoholic beverages (63.04%) at least 3 times a week. From all the subjects analyzed, were 22% of them that presented alterations in the serum dosage of liver enzymes, a fact that is relevant and raises our concern because it refers to such a young community with strong negative indications regarding their own health care.

Youth’s participation in agriculture: A fallacy or achievable possibility? Evidence from rural South Africa

Background: The realisation of more youth involvement in the agricultural sector has proved to be elusive, so the question of the possibility of a youth-led agriculture needs further investigation.Aim: The aim of the study was to assess whether there is potential for the rural youth to participate in agriculture by employing the typology formulation approach.Setting: The study is premised on recent calls for strategies to reduce youth unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa by involving and enhancing the agricultural sector.Method: A survey in questionnaire form was conducted with 224 youths from two districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The Principal Components Analysis and K-Means Clustering were performed to determine the youth typologies and assess their potential.Results: Five typologies were identified. Most youths (59.3%) were found in Typology 1 (those that see no benefits in farming) and in Typology 2 (older, experienced and with access to land). Typology 5 (male youths in agricultural cooperatives) had the lowest proportion of youths (5.7%). Participants in typologies 2, 3 and 5 were deemed to have high to moderate potential for successful engagement in farming. The highest potential was found in the typology with the least percentage of youths.Conclusions: The typologies showed that youths have varying perceptions and aspirations regarding agriculture. While some show an interest and have the potential to participate in farming, others do not. Therefore, the blanket notion of the youth’s lack of interest in agriculture should be qualified as it does not always hold. The heterogeneity in characteristics among the youths in these typologies, including their potential to participate in agriculture, expresses the differences in the kinds of support needed to increase their participation.