Dyadic appraisals of pain severity and control and spouse support and criticism

Introduction: The pain due to cannulation and needle insertion into blood vessels becomes problematic among patients suffering hemodialysis. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the pain relieving effects of cooling sprays among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: Eighty patients aged higher than 18 years who were on chronic hemodialysis were randomly assigned into two groups including the group received cooling spray for relieving pain (n = 40) and the group received stilled water as placebo (n = 40). In the intervention group and in a hemodialysis session, 2 puffs of the Cramer Cold Spray were sprayed 30 seconds before the cannulation. The pain severity was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) method. Results: The mean of pain severity score was not different between the intervention and control group before intervention, however after intervention, the patients in the intervention group experienced milder pain due to cannulation as compared to control group (3.28 ± 1.13 versus 5.30 ± 1.76; P < 0.001). Interviewing with the patients receiving cooling spray showed willingness to the use of spray in 87.5% of cases. The local complication due to the use of cold spray was revealed only in 5% of patients. Conclusion: The use of cooling spray in hemodialysis patients can reduce the pain caused by needle insertion. This method can be routinely used as a non-pharmacological pain relief method to reduce pain in hemodialysis patients

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Arthritis self-efficacy beliefs and functioning among osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients: a meta-analytic review

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/kez219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 948-958 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Todd Jackson ◽

Ting Xu ◽

Xiaojun Jia

Keyword(s):

Emotional Distress ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Self Report ◽

Pain Severity ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Control Pain ◽

And Control ◽

Substantial Heterogeneity

Abstract Objectives The Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) is a widely used self-report measure of beliefs reflecting confidence in one’s capacity to function despite pain and control pain or other symptoms of arthritis. Despite evidence linking higher ASES scores to lower levels of impairment, pain and emotional distress, numerous modest, non-significant associations have also been observed. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated overall associations between ASES scores and adjustment in RA and OA samples as well as potential moderators that may explain the heterogeneity in these associations. Method Data from 48 samples that met all 10 inclusion criteria (N = 9222 patients) were subject to analyses. Results ASES scores had significant medium average effect sizes with functional impairment, pain severity and emotional distress but substantial heterogeneity was evident for each association. ASES–impairment associations were moderated by the diagnosis, ASES version and ASES subscale content: significantly larger effect sizes were found for studies that included RA patients, used the original 20-item ASES and assessed subscale content reflecting the pursuit of daily activities despite pain (i.e. functional self-efficacy) than for studies based exclusively on OA patients, the eight-item ASES and ASES pain control and other symptom subscales. Relations of ASES scores with pain severity and emotional distress were moderated by ASES version and subscale content, respectively. Conclusion The ASES has significant overall associations with key areas of functioning. Moderator analyses of the measure provide empirically grounded suggestions for optimal use of the ASES within OA and RA patient samples.

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Acupressure to Reduce Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent

Jurnal Kebidanan dan Kesehatan Tradisional ◽

10.37341/jkkt.v0i0.222 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Dewi Siyamti ◽

Eka Adimayanti ◽

Hapsari Windayanti

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Early Period ◽

Pain Severity ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

Before And After ◽

Spss Software ◽

And Control

Background: Dysmenorrhea is uncomfort symptom which suffered by adolescents during menstruation period. Adolescents experienced with dysmenorrhea and this commonly primary. Dysmenorrhea affects almost half of all woman, and it is need the safe and effective pain management. One of non-medical treatment techniques is acupressure. The purpose of this study to analize the effect of acupressure to reduce dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Methods: The design was quantitative experiment with intervention group and control group for each 26 respondents. The acupoints are SP6, Li4, and PC6. Intervention group got acupressure for 2 days in early period with 30times massage for each accupoint twice a day. The pain was measured using visual analog scale (VAS) before and after intervention. Data analize using SPSS software. Results: The result showed diffreneces in pain severity after acupressure to intervention group with mean 2,43 and p value 0.027(p<0,005). Conclution: Acupressure at the SP6, Li4 and PC6 can reduce pain severity of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.

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Efficacy of a traditional herbal formula based on Colchicum autumnale L. (Rhazes tablet) in low back pain: A randomized controlled clinical trial

International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine ◽

10.47552/ijam.v10i1.1178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Valiollah Gerayeli Malek ◽

Soraya Parvari ◽

Younes Rouhani ◽

Farhad Jafari ◽

Roja Rahimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Pain Relief ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Pain Severity ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Back ◽

Persian Medicine ◽

Group A ◽

And Control

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common and costly chronic diseases in the world today. The use of herbal medicines based on Colchicum autumnal is one of the solutions recommended by Persian medicine for treatment of LBP. One of these products is Rhazes tablet. This study aimed to determine effect of the Rhazes tablet on LBP pain relief and symptoms. Methods: Fifty patients with chronic LBP, aged 19-59 years old, who had LBP for more than 12 weeks, were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided in to intervention group (n=26) and control group (n=24). The patients in the intervention and control groups were treated with Rhazes tablet + Ibuprofen pearl (400mg) PRN and placebo tablet + Ibuprofen pearl (400mg) PRN, respectively. All patients received one tablet in the first week, 2 tablets in week 2-4 and 3 tablets in week 5-8. Pain severity was measured and recorded using VAS and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for all patients at weeks 0, 4 and 8. Results: The results indicated that Rhazes tablet as a traditional Persian medicine caused a significant reduction in LBP in the intervention group compared to control group (P<0.039). Using the Rhazes tablet for 8 weeks reduced pain severity in the group suffering from severe pain from 50% in the first visit to 15.4% in the third visit; while the pain severity was increased from 20% to 25% in the control group. In the intervention group, a woman in the fifth week of study got severe diarrhea, and the severity was decreased by reducing the number of Rhazes tablet. In the intervention group, a man experienced increased libido in the fourth week of study. Conclusion: Rhazes tablet can be used as a pharmacological intervention to reduce pain in patients with LBP. Results showed promising effects of Rhazes tablet on pain relief and LBP symptoms.

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Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071260 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 164-165

Author(s):

R. R. Dils ◽

P. S. Follansbee

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Oxidation Process ◽

Base Alloy ◽

Oxide Surface ◽

Platinum Electrodes ◽

Insulating Layer ◽

Iron Base Alloy ◽

Alloy Oxidation ◽

Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽

And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

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Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053681 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 204-204

Author(s):

D. M. DePace

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Time Schedule ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Cervical Ganglion ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Cervical Ganglia ◽

Capillary Circulation ◽

And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

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Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083783 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 582-583

Author(s):

G. Mazzocchi ◽

P. Rebuffat ◽

C. Robba ◽

P. Vassanelli ◽

G. G. Nussdorfer

Keyword(s):

Renovascular Hypertension ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Zona Glomerulosa ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Left Renal Artery ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

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X-Ray Replication of Submicrometer Linewidth Patterns

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100078250 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 136-137

Author(s):

Henry I. Smith ◽

D.C. Flanders

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam Lithography ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

Electron Backscattering ◽

Spatial Frequencies ◽

Cross Sectional Profile ◽

Carbon Foils ◽

Sectional Profile ◽

And Control ◽

Soft Radiation

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

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Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100076858 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 650-651

Author(s):

Amankwah K.S. ◽

A.D. Weberg ◽

R.C. Kaufmann

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

And Control ◽

Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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A Superconducting Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100064104 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 10-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. E. Worsham ◽

J. E. Mann ◽

E. G. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Liquid Helium ◽

Focal Length ◽

Vacuum System ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Electrical Instability ◽

Radiation Shields ◽

And Control ◽

Thermal Oscillations ◽

Flux Pump

This superconducting microscope, Figure 1, was first operated in May, 1970. The column, which started life as a Siemens Elmiskop I, was modified by removing the objective and intermediate lenses, the specimen chamber, and the complete vacuum system. The large cryostat contains the objective lens and stage. They are attached to the bottom of the 7-liter helium vessel and are surrounded by two vapor-cooled radiation shields.In the initial operational period 5-mm and 2-mm focal length objective lens pole pieces were used giving magnification up to 45000X. Without a stigmator and precision ground pole pieces, a resolution of about 50-100Å was achieved. The boil-off rate of the liquid helium was reduced to 0.2-0.3ℓ/hour after elimination of thermal oscillations in the cryostat. The calculated boil-off was 0.2ℓ/hour. No effect caused by mechanical or electrical instability was found. Both 4.2°K and 1.7-1.9°K operation were routine. Flux pump excitation and control of the lens were quite smooth, simple, and, apparently highly stable. Alignment of the objective lens proved quite awkward, however, with the long-thin epoxy glass posts used for supporting the lens.

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