Positive predictive value of Carnett’s sign in differential diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain: a retrospective cohort study

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. S8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
S. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Chronic Abdominal Pain ◽  
Carnett’S Sign

scholarly journals “INTERGROWTH21st vs customized fetal growth curves in the assessment of the neonatal nutritional status: a retrospective cohort study of gestational diabetes”

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jesus Fernández Alba ◽  
Estefania Soto Pazos ◽  
Rocio Moreno Cortes ◽  
Angel Vilar Sanchez ◽  
Carmen Gonzalez Macias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Growth Curves

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes including newborns large for gestational age, macrosomia, preeclampsia, polihydramnios, stillbirth, and neonatal morbidity. Thus, fetal growth should be monitored by ultrasound to limit fetal overnutrition, and thereby, its clinical consequence, macrosomia. However, it is not clear which reference curve to use to define the limits of normality. Our aim is to determine which method, INTERGROWTH21st or customized curves, better identifies the nutritional status of newborns of diabetic mothers.Methods This retrospective cohort study compared the risk of malnutrition in SGA newborns and the risk of overnutrition in LGA newborns using INTERGROWTH21st and customized birth weight references in gestational diabetes. Additionally, to determine the ability of both methods in the identification of neonatal malnutrition and overnutrition, we calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratios.Results 231 pregnant women with GDM were included in the study. The rate of SGA indentified by INTERGROWTH21st was 4.7% vs 10.7% identified by the customized curves. The rate of LGA identified by INTERGROWT21st was 25.6% vs 13.2% identified by the customized method. Newborns identified as SGA by the customized method showed a higher risk of malnutrition than those identified as SGA by INTERGROWTH21st.(RR 4.24 vs 2.5). LGA newborns according to the customized method also showed a higher risk of overnutrition than those classified as LGA according to INTERGROWTH21st. (RR 5.26 vs 3.57). In addition, the positive predictive value of the customized method was superior to that of INTERGROWTH21st in the identification of malnutrition (32% vs 27.27%), severe malnutrition (22.73% vs 20%), overnutrition (51.61% vs 32.20%) and severe overnutrition (28.57% vs 14.89%).Conclusions In pregnant women with GDM, the ability of customized fetal growth curves to identify the newborns with alterations in nutritional status exceeds that of INTERGROWTH21st.

Association of Bacteria Species with Positive Predictive Value of Bacteria Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid Cultures: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ye ◽  
Guanghui Zheng ◽  
Yueyue Kong ◽  
Jiawei Ma ◽  
Guojun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Predictive Values

Abstract Background: Previous studies discuss the positive predictive value through whether the bacteria are coagulase-negative staphylococci. The view may need to be updated. The aim was to evaluate the positive predictive value of different bacteria species isolated from cerebrospinal fluid cultures and discuss the rationality to view coagulase-negative staphylococci as a group.Methods: This retrospective cohort study recruit all adults with positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures sampled by lumbar puncture 2012-2020 in the Department of Neurosurgery. The exposure was bacteria species, and the outcome was positive predictive value. An episode was defined as a patient with one bacteria. When episodes with a bacteria species reached five, the bacteria species was analyzed specifically. The positive predictive value was defined as the incidence of isolated-bacteria-related infected episodes. The isolated-bacteria-related infected episode was defined as the patient was with clinical features of bacterial meningitis, and the improvement was related to sensitive antibacterial agents. Then the differences of the positive predictive value of different bacteria in all specific bacteria species, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and non-coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteria were calculated, respectively. The results were statistically significant when P-value <.05.Results: 1180 episodes from 1133 patients with 79 bacteria were studied; the positive predictive value was 54.3%. The bacteria included 67 bacteria species, ten bacteria genus, viridans streptococci, and unclassified coagulase-negative staphylococci. Twenty-four specific bacteria species were analyzed. The range of positive predictive values of them was 29.4%-100.0% (P<.0001). The positive predictive value for Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella oxytoca was the highest, while the positive predictive value for Staphylococcus cohnii was the lowest. Moreover, 767 (65.0%) were with coagulase-negative staphylococci, the positive predictive value was 46.4%, and the range was 29.4%-85.7% (P=.0020); 413 (35.0%) were with non-coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteria, the positive predictive value was 69.0%, and the range was 40.0%-100.0% (P<.0001).Conclusions: This study suggests that the positive predictive value of different bacteria species is different. It is more reasonable to discuss the positive predictive value of bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid cultures through the bacteria species rather than whether they are coagulase-negative staphylococci.Trial registration: This is a retrospective study without interventions on participants.

scholarly journals INTERGROWTH21st vs customized fetal growth curves in the assessment of the neonatal nutritional status: a retrospective cohort study of gestational diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jesus Fernández Alba ◽  
Estefania Soto Pazos ◽  
Rocio Moreno Cortes ◽  
Angel Vilar Sanchez ◽  
Carmen Gonzalez Macias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Growth Curves

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes including newborns large for gestational age, macrosomia, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, stillbirth, and neonatal morbidity. Thus, fetal growth should be monitored by ultrasound to assess for fetal overnutrition, and thereby, its clinical consequence, macrosomia. However, it is not clear which reference curve to use to define the limits of normality. Our aim is to determine which method, INTERGROWTH21st or customized curves, better identifies the nutritional status of newborns of diabetic mothers. Methods This retrospective cohort study compared the risk of malnutrition in SGA newborns and the risk of overnutrition in LGA newborns using INTERGROWTH21st and customized birth weight references in gestational diabetes. The nutritional status of newborns was assessed using the ponderal index . Additionally, to determine the ability of both methods in the identification of neonatal malnutrition and overnutrition, we calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratios. Results 231 pregnant women with GDM were included in the study. The rate of SGA indentified by INTERGROWTH21st was 4.7% vs 10.7% identified by the customized curves. The rate of LGA identified by INTERGROWTH21st was 25.6% vs 13.2% identified by the customized method. Newborns identified as SGA by the customized method showed a higher risk of malnutrition than those identified as SGA by INTERGROWTH21st. (RR 4.24 vs 2.5). LGA newborns according to the customized method also showed a higher risk of overnutrition than those classified as LGA according to INTERGROWTH21st. (RR 5.26 vs 3.57). In addition, the positive predictive value of the customized method was superior to that of INTERGROWTH21st in the identification of malnutrition (32% vs 27.27%), severe malnutrition (22.73% vs 20%), overnutrition (51.61% vs 32.20%) and severe overnutrition (28.57% vs 14.89%). Conclusions In pregnant women with DMG, the ability of customized fetal growth curves to identify newborns with alterations in nutritional status appears to exceed that of INTERGROWTH21st

Pre-operative prediction of cholesteatomas from radiology: retrospective cohort study of 106 cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (06) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Selwyn ◽  
J Howard ◽  
P Cuddihy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Mastoid Surgery

AbstractObjectivePre-operative imaging is often used to predict the extent of a cholesteatoma and anatomical variation to plan for surgery. This study aimed to measure the predictive accuracy of computed tomography findings.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients in a district general hospital undergoing mastoid surgery within a consecutive 12-month period, in whom computed tomography had been performed prior to operative intervention. The study measured the key findings of pre-operative computed tomography imaging and compared them to the intra-operative findings.ResultsA total of 106 patients were included. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting cholesteatoma were 79 per cent and 81 per cent respectively. The positive predictive value was 90 per cent and the negative predictive value was 65 per cent. In predicting complications of cholesteatomas, the sensitivity was 70 per cent, whereas the specificity was 91 per cent. The positive predictive value was 88 per cent and the negative predictive value was 76 per cent.ConclusionPre-operative computed tomography conducted prior to mastoid surgery has high positive predictive values for both predicting cholesteatomas and complications (90 per cent and 88 per cent respectively).

scholarly journals Validation of billing code combinations to identify cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging scans in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e021370
Author(s):  
Idan Roifman ◽  
Feng Qiu ◽  
Kim A Connelly ◽  
Graham A Wright ◽  
Michael Farkouh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Billing Code

ObjectivesCardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold-standard test for the assessment of heart function. Despite its importance, many jurisdictions lack specific billing codes that can be used to identify patient receipt of CMR in administrative databases, limiting the ability to perform ‘big data’ CMR studies. Our objective was to identify the optimal billing code combination to identify patients who underwent CMR using administrative data in Ontario.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingQuaternary care academic referral centre in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsWe tested all billing code combinations in order to identify the optimal one to determine receipt of CMR. The reference gold standard was a list of all cardiothoracic magnetic resonance scans performed at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016, verified by chart audit. We assessed the diagnostic performance (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) for all code combinations.ResultsOur gold-standard cohort consisted of 2339 thoracic MRIs that were performed at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. Of these, 2139 (91.5%) were CMRs and 200 (8.5%) were chest MRIs. We identified the most accurate billing combination for the determination of patient receipt of CMR. This combination resulted in an accuracy of 95.3% (95% CI 94.4% to 96.2%), sensitivity of 97.4% (95% CI 96.6% to 98.1%), specificity of 86.4% (95% CI 83.1% to 89.6%), positive predictive value of 96.9% (95% CI 96.1% to 97.6%) and negative predictive value of 88.4% (95% CI 85.4% to 91.5%).ConclusionsOur study is the first to verify the ability to accurately identify patient receipt of CMR using administrative data, facilitating more robust population-based CMR studies in the future.

scholarly journals INTERGROWTH21st vs customized fetal growth curves in the assessment of the neonatal nutritional status: a retrospective cohort study of gestational diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jesus Fernández Alba ◽  
Estefania Soto Pazos ◽  
Rocio Moreno Cortes ◽  
Angel Vilar Sanchez ◽  
Carmen Gonzalez Macias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Growth Curves

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes including newborns large for gestational age, macrosomia, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, stillbirth, and neonatal morbidity. Thus, fetal growth should be monitored by ultrasound to assess for fetal overnutrition, and thereby, its clinical consequence, macrosomia. However, it is not clear which reference curve to use to define the limits of normality. Our aim is to determine which method, INTERGROWTH21st or customized curves, better identifies the nutritional status of newborns of diabetic mothers. Methods This retrospective cohort study compared the risk of malnutrition in SGA newborns and the risk of overnutrition in LGA newborns using INTERGROWTH21st and customized birth weight references in gestational diabetes. Additionally, to determine the ability of both methods in the identification of neonatal malnutrition and overnutrition, we calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratios. Results 231 pregnant women with GDM were included in the study. The rate of SGA indentified by INTERGROWTH21st was 4.7% vs 10.7% identified by the customized curves. The rate of LGA identified by INTERGROWTH21st was 25.6% vs 13.2% identified by the customized method. Newborns identified as SGA by the customized method showed a higher risk of malnutrition than those identified as SGA by INTERGROWTH21st. (RR 4.24 vs 2.5). LGA newborns according to the customized method also showed a higher risk of overnutrition than those classified as LGA according to INTERGROWTH21st. (RR 5.26 vs 3.57). In addition, the positive predictive value of the customized method was superior to that of INTERGROWTH21st in the identification of malnutrition (32% vs 27.27%), severe malnutrition (22.73% vs 20%), overnutrition (51.61% vs 32.20%) and severe overnutrition (28.57% vs 14.89%). Conclusions In pregnant women with DMG, the ability of personalized fetal growth curves to identify newborns with alterations in nutritional status could exceed that of INTERGROWTH21st.

scholarly journals Gestational week-specific of uterine artery Doppler indices in predicting preeclampsia: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Nan Wu ◽  
Ming-Qing Li ◽  
Feng Xie ◽  
Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Doppler Indices ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Plenty of studies explored the relationship between uterine artery (UtA) Doppler indices and the onset of preeclampsia at different trimesters. However, few studies test the gestational week-specific predictive value of the UtA indices for subsequent preeclampsia and compare the difference of right or left UtA indices (e.g., pulsatility or resistance index [PI or RI]). Methods Hospital-based retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnant women who received the Doppler test between 2012 and 2016 was conducted in 2018. The predictive performance of the UtA indices for preeclampsia and its variants, including early-onset preeclampsia (< 34 weeks) and preterm preeclampsia (< 37 weeks), was estimated. Results The UtA indices, with a cutoff value of 1.11 for the right and left UtA-PI, and 0.66 and 0.63 for the right and left UtA-RI, respectively, were effective predictors for subsequent preeclampsia. The prediction was satisfactory at the 9th week of the Doppler scan: areas under the curve ≥ 0.80, the Youden index ranging from 0.54 to 0.58, the sensitivity of 63.2 ~ 73.7%, and the specificity 84.2 ~ 91.3%, respectively. The UtA indices had comparable performance in screening for early-onset and preterm preeclampsia but showed lower predictive value for late-onset cases. Among these indices, the right UtA-RI had the highest specificity (all P < 0.01), while the left UtA-PI showed good authenticity (higher Youden index) in predicting the disorder. Conclusions The second-trimester measured UtA indices had a satisfactory performance at the 9th week in predicting subsequent preeclampsia. The right UtA-RI was the first choice in ruling out preeclampsia, while the left UtA-PI showed the best authenticity of the prediction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document