Omega-3 fatty acid deficient male rats exhibit abnormal behavioral activation in the forced swim test following chronic fluoxetine treatment: Association with altered 5-HT1A and alpha2A adrenergic receptor expression

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. It is caused by an absolute or relative insulin deficiency or an insulin function deficiency. It is one of the major risk factors of depression, with the rate of depression in diabetic patients amounting to as high as 30%. This study examined the role of dopamine receptors in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced depressive-like behavior using the forced swim test (FST). Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 56 Wistar male rats. STZ at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight was administered via intraperitoneal (IP) route to induce diabetes and depression in rats. Thereafter, by using halobenzazepine (SCH23390) (D1 dopamine receptor antagonist) and sulpiride (D2 receptor dopamine receptor antagonist), the role of dopamine receptors in STZ-induced depression was studied. The one-way analysis of variance technique, Tukey’s range test, and t-test were used to analyze the data. The P-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: Our study showed that STZ at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, two weeks after injection, caused prolonged immobility in FST, indicating depressive-like behavior (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). SCH23390 (0.001 mg/mL/kg) and sulpiride (0.1mg/mL/kg) did not change the variables of depression in animals that received STZ (at doses of 30 and 60 mg/mL/kg) two weeks before (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to our study, STZ has a depressive-like behavior two weeks after injection, and dopamine receptors do not play a role in depression associated with STZ use. [GMJ.2018;7:e954]

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Dapagliflozin attenuates depressive-like behavior of male rats in the forced swim test

10.26226/morressier.5b681761b56e9b005965c395 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Cam Muhammet Emin ◽

Ayşe Nur Hazar-Yavuz ◽

Yildiz Sila ◽

Rumeysa Keles ◽

Ertaş Büşra

Keyword(s):

Forced Swim Test ◽

Male Rats ◽

Swim Test ◽

Forced Swim

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Investigation of Diagnostic Proteins by 2D Electrophoresis in Major De-pression Model Induced by Forced Swim Test in Rats.

Protein and Peptide Letters ◽

10.2174/0929866527999200729183729 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Tuğçe Duman ◽

Enes Akyüz ◽

Huri Bulut ◽

Abdurrahim Koçyiğit ◽

Ahmet Tülek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forced Swim Test ◽

Diagnostic System ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Male Rats ◽

2D Electrophoresis ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Swim Test ◽

Forced Swim ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

The Matrix

Background: Aside from its pervasiveness, whereby it affects as much as 20% of the world's population, depression continues to be one of the most crucial psychiatric problems due to the loss of power it causes by disrupting daily life functioning, containing economic consequences, and having a high suicidal tendency. Major depression (MD) is a systemic and multifactorial disorder involving complex interactions between genetic predisposition and disturbances of various molecular pathways. Objectives: In our current study, we aimed to identify the proteins obtained from serum samples that change during depression with the MD model. Methods : The MD model was applied through the forced swim test in rats. 14 Winstar Albino male rats were divided into two equal groupsas follows: depression and control groups. Serum samples were separated by chromatographic methods and then compared with two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis. Results: A total of 9 potential diagnostic protein sequences were identified, which were distinguished with computer soft-ware. During the last phase of the study,the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization –Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis, the previous expression sequences identified among the groups were determinedand classified. By comparing pro-tein expressions, it was concluded that 9 different points could be used together as a potential biomarker. Conclusion: Results can help us identify a new diagnostic system that can be used to diagnose MD.

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Differential Rearing Alters Forced Swim Test Behavior, Fluoxetine Efficacy, and Post-Test Weight Gain in Male Rats

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0131709 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e0131709 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David L. Arndt ◽

Christy J. Peterson ◽

Mary E. Cain

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Forced Swim Test ◽

Test Weight ◽

Male Rats ◽

Swim Test ◽

Forced Swim ◽

Post Test ◽

Test Behavior

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Maternal separation diminishes α-adrenergic receptor density and function in renal vasculature from male Wistar-Kyoto rats

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00591.2016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 313 (1) ◽

pp. F47-F54 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Analia S. Loria ◽

Jeffrey L. Osborn

Keyword(s):

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽

Maternal Separation ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Male Rats ◽

Receptor Density ◽

Renal Vasculature ◽

And Function ◽

Renal Vascular ◽

And Control

Adult rats exposed to maternal separation (MatSep) are normotensive but display lower glomerular filtration rate and increased renal neuroadrenergic drive. The aim of this study was to determine the renal α-adrenergic receptor density and the renal vascular responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation in male rats exposed to MatSep. In addition, baroreflex sensitivity was assessed to determine a component of neural control of the vasculature. Using tissue collected from 4-mo-old MatSep and control rats, α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) were measured in renal cortex and isolated renal vasculature using receptor binding assay, and the α-AR subtype gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. Renal cortical α1-AR density was similar between MatSep and control tissues (Bmax = 44 ± 1 vs. 42 ± 2 fmol/mg protein, respectively); however, MatSep reduced α1-AR density in renal vasculature (Bmax = 47 ± 4 vs. 62 ± 4 fmol/mg protein, P < 0.05, respectively). In a separate group of rats, the pressor, bradycardic, and renal vascular constrictor responses to acute norepinephrine injection (NE, 0.03–0.25 μg/μl) were determined under anesthesia. Attenuated NE-induced renal vasoconstriction was observed in rats exposed to MatSep compared with control ( P < 0.05). A third group of rats was infused at steady state with the α1 agonist phenylephrine (10 μg/min iv) and vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (5 μg/min iv). The difference between the change in heart rate/mean arterial pressure slopes was indicative of reduced baroreflex sensitivity in MatSep vs. control rats (−0.45 ± 0.04 vs. −0.95 ± 0.07 beats·min−1·mmHg−1, P < 0.05). These data support the notion that reduced α-adrenergic receptor expression and function in the renal vasculature could develop secondary to MatSep-induced overactivation of the renal neuroadrenergic tone.

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A lack of α1A-adrenergic receptor-mediated antidepressant-like effects of S-(+)-niguldipine and B8805-033 in the forced swim test

Behavioural Pharmacology ◽

10.1097/fbp.0000000000000204 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 397-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Grzegorz Kreiner ◽

Adam Roman ◽

Agnieszka Zelek-Molik ◽

Marta Kowalska ◽

Irena Nalepa

Keyword(s):

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Forced Swim Test ◽

Swim Test ◽

Forced Swim

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Does the antidepressant-like effect of mirtazapine and venlafaxine differ between male and female rats?

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2020.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Adriana Álvarez Silva ◽

Alonso Fernández-Guasti

Keyword(s):

Forced Swim Test ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Swim Test ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Males And Females ◽

New Treatment ◽

Global Health Problem

Introduction. Depression is a global health problem with nearly 350 million people affected, mainly women. However, nowadays a rising amount of men are being diagnosed. This makes necessary the screening of new treatment options that are effective in women as well as in men. Objective. To analyze if the administration of mirtazapine and venlafaxine to male and female rats shows a sex-related antidepressant-like effect, and the possible associated neurochemical mechanisms. Method. Mirtazapine (40 mg/kg) or venlafaxine (60 mg/kg) were administered subchronically to young adult male and female (ovariectomized and steroid-primed) rats, and their antidepressant-like effects were evaluated using the forced swim test (FST). The active behaviors, swimming and climbing, were also analyzed. Results. a) mirtazapine and venlafaxine reduced immobility in the FST in males and females; b) both antidepressants increased climbing and swimming in male rats; c) in female rats, mirtazapine and venlafaxine only increased swimming. Discussion and conclusion. In males, the effects of mirtazapine and venlafaxine seem to be produced by the activation of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. Conversely, estradiol might be modulating the mechanisms of action of both antidepressants in females producing only an increased swimming and suggesting the participation of the serotonergic system.

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