Free fatty acids from Lathyrus sativus seed coats acting as short-range attractants to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

AbstractAphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest of Lathyrus sativus L. plants, and causes retarded plant growth and loss of seed production. The insect sucks cell sap from flowers and lays nymphs on flowers. Hence, an attempt has been made to observe whether flower surface wax compounds (alkanes and free fatty acids) from two cultivars (BIO L 212 Ratan and Nirmal B-1) of L. sativus could act as short-range attractant and stimulant for nymph laying by adult viviparous females. The n-hexane extracts of flower surface waxes were analyzed by TLC, GC-MS and GC-FID analyses. Twenty one and 22 n-alkanes between n-C12 and n-C36 were detected in BIO L 212 Ratan and Nirmal B-1, respectively; whereas 12 free fatty acids between C12:0 and C22:0 were identified in both cultivars. Pentadecane and tridecanoic acid were predominant n-alkane and free fatty acid, respectively. One flower equivalent surface wax of both cultivars served as short-range attractant and stimulant for nymph laying through Y-tube choice experiments and I-tube viviparity assays, respectively, by adult viviparous females. A synthetic blend of nonacosane, tridecanoic acid and linoleic acid, and a synthetic blend of tetradecane, pentadecane, nonacosane, tridecanoic acid and linoleic acid resembling in amounts as present in one flower equivalent surface wax of BIO L 212 Ratan and Nirmal B-1, respectively, served as short-range attractant and stimulant for nymph laying by adult viviparous females. This study suggests that both these blends could be used in lures in the development of baited traps in pest management programmes.

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Fatty acid and elemental composition of mature seeds of beach pea [Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel.]

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-055 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

Gurusamy Chinnasamy, Arya Kumar Bal ◽

David Bruce McKenzie

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Pea Seeds ◽

Lathyrus Maritimus ◽

Beach Pea ◽

Seed Coats

This study was conducted to determine the fatty acid composition of phospholipids (PL), monoglycerides (MG), diglycerides (DG), free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) of mature beach pea seeds and the elemental composition of mature beach pea seed coats and embryos. In beach pea seeds, PL were dominated by C18:2 and C16:0 and MG contained high quantities of C18:2, C16:0 and C18:1. Diglycerides showed high C18:0, C16:0 and C18:2. Free fatty acids were dominated by C18:2, C16:0, C18:1 and C18:0, and TG were dominated by C18:1, C18:0 and C16:0. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis revealed K as the most abundant element in whole seed, seed coat and embryo. However, embryos showed significantly higher relative weight percentage of K than whole seeds and seed coats. Whole seeds and embryos contained higher P, S and Cl relative weight percentages than seed coats. Seed coats contained higher Ca, Na a nd Mg relative weight percentages than embryos. Aluminium, Si, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn distribution between seed coat and embryo was uniform. Key words: Beach pea, element, fatty acid, Lathyrus maritimus L., lipid, seed

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Short-range attraction and oviposition stimulant of a biocontrol agent, Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) toward weed leaf surface waxes

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485321000730 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Anamika Koner ◽

Swati Das ◽

Syed Husne Mobarak ◽

Anandamay Barik

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Short Range ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Oviposition Stimulant ◽

Surface Wax ◽

Docosanoic Acid ◽

Surface Waxes ◽

Host Plant Specificity

Abstract Two Polygonaceae weeds, Rumex dentatus L. and Polygonum glabrum Willd. are abundant in wheat- and rice-fields, respectively, in India. Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a biocontrol agent of these two weeds. The importance of long-chain alkanes and free fatty acids present in leaf surface waxes of these weeds was assessed as short-range attractant and ovipositional stimulant in G. placida females. Extraction, TLC, GC-MS and GC-FID analyses demonstrated 19 n-alkanes from n-C14 to n-C35 and 14 free fatty acids from C12:0 to C22:0 in leaf surface waxes. Hentriacontane was predominant among alkanes in both weeds, while oleic acid and docosanoic acid were predominant among free fatty acids in R. dentatus and P. glabrum, respectively. Females of G. placida were attracted toward one leaf equivalent surface wax of both weeds against the control solvent (petroleum ether) in a short Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. But, the insect could not differentiate between one leaf equivalent surface wax of R. dentatus and P. glabrum, indicating that both weed leaves were equally attractive in females. A synthetic blend of either 2.44, 35.57 and 23.58 μg ml−1 of octadecane, heptacosane and nonacosane, respectively, resembling the amounts present in one leaf equivalent surface wax of R. dentatus or 4.08, 19.54 and 23.58 μg ml−1 of octadecane, palmitoleic acid and docosanoic acid, respectively, resembling the amounts present in one leaf equivalent surface wax of P. glabrum acted as short-range attractant and ovipositional stimulant in G. placida. These results could be a basis for host plant specificity of the biocontrol agent.

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Acne vulgaris. Studies in pathogenesis: relative irritancy of free fatty acids from C2 to C16

Archives of Dermatology ◽

10.1001/archderm.97.6.722 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 722-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

R. E. Kellum

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Acne Vulgaris

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A novel in vitro model for joint effects of alcohol and free fatty acids on hepatocellular steatosis and inflammation

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1331932 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (01) ◽

Author(s):

A Mahli ◽

WE Thasler ◽

M Müller ◽

C Hellerbrand

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Joint Effects ◽

Vitro Model

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GENERAL EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE RABBIT

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0480609 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 609-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. K. Dyster-Aas ◽

C. E. T. Krakau

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Calcium Level ◽

Serum Calcium Level ◽

Systemic Effects ◽

List Type ◽

Aqueous Flare ◽

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽

Blood Aqueous Barrier

ABSTRACT In addition to the previously described permeability disturbance in the blood aqueous barrier of the eye, measured as an increase of the aqueous flare, a series of transitory systemic effects have been recorded following the subcutaneous injection of synthetic α-MSH: marked increase of the free fatty acids in plasma, decrease in the serum calcium level, decrease in the blood pressure, increase in the skin temperature, increased frequency and diminished amplitude of respiration, presence of slow waves in the EEG. There is a correlation between the magnitude of the aqueous flare increase and the increase of free fatty acids in plasma and also between the aqueous flare and the minimum serum calcium level.

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