Central Nervous System Fungal Infection-Related Stroke: A Descriptive Study of Mold and Yeast-Associated Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 104759
Author(s):  
Pravin George ◽  
Joanna I. Ramiro ◽  
Joao A. Gomes ◽  
Christopher R. Newey ◽  
Adarsh Bhimraj
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Mold And Yeast

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Agents for Ischemic Stroke: Neuroprotection Mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna S. Pandya ◽  
Lijuan Mao ◽  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Shuanhu Zhou ◽  
Jiang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Central Nervous System Agents

scholarly journals Progenitor Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Injury: A Review of the State of Current Clinical Trials

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Walker ◽  
Matthew T. Harting ◽  
Shinil K. Shah ◽  
Mary-Clare Day ◽  
Ramy El Khoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Cord Injury

Recent preclinical work investigating the role of progenitor cell therapies for central nervous system (CNS) injuries has shown potential neuroprotection in the setting of traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and ischemic stroke. Mechanisms currently under investigation include engraftment and transdifferentiation, modulation of the locoregional inflammatory milieu, and modulation of the systemic immunologic/inflammatory response. While the exact mechanism of action remains controversial, the growing amount of preclinical data demonstrating the potential benefit associated with progenitor cell therapy for neurological injury warrants the development of well-controlled clinical trials to investigate therapeutic safety and efficacy. In this paper, we review the currently active or recently completed clinical trials investigating the safety and potential efficacy of bone marrow-derived progenitor cell therapies for the treatment of TBI, SCI, and ischemic stroke. Our review of the literature shows that while the preliminary clinical trials reviewed in this paper offer novel data supporting the potential efficacy of stem/progenitor cell therapies for CNS injury, a great deal of additional work is needed to ensure the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of progenitor cell therapy prior to widespread clinical trials.

scholarly journals Prognosis of fungal infection of central nervous system in HIV-infected patients: a retrospective study of 77 patients in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Kateryna Y. Lytvyn ◽  
Liudmyla R. Shostakovych-Koretskaya ◽  
Anna A. Doroshenko ◽  
Tatiana I. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Fungal Infection

scholarly journals Utility of Measuring (1,3)-β-d-Glucan in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Diagnosis of Fungal Central Nervous System Infection: TABLE 1

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Lyons ◽  
Kiran T. Thakur ◽  
Rick Lee ◽  
Tonya Watkins ◽  
Carlos A. Pardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Cns Disease

(1-3)-β-d-Glucan (BDG) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a promising marker for diagnostic and prognostic aid of central nervous system (CNS) fungal infection, but its relationship to serum values has not been studied. Herein, we detected BDG from CSF at levels 2-fold lower than those in serum in patients without evidence of fungal disease but 25-fold higher than those in in serum in noncryptococcal CNS fungal infections. CSF BDG may be a useful biomarker in the evaluation of fungal CNS disease.

scholarly journals Incidence of 1-lyponatraemia in Patients with lschemic Stroke: Our Experience at RMCH

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
I Mahmood ◽  
MK Rahman ◽  
MMR Khan ◽  
MA Haque ◽  
MMH Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Cerebral Salt Wasting ◽  
Salt Wasting ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder ◽  
Inappropriate Secretion

Hyponatraemia is a common electrolyte disorder in central nervous system (CNS) disease and is often attributed to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). By contrast, there are patients with intracranial disease who develop hyponatraemia with similar characteristics, but differ in that there is clinical evidence of a contracted extracellular fluid (ECF) volume. This form of hyponatraemia is caused by excessive renal Na excretion, resulting from a centrally mediated process, and is termed cerebral salt wasting (CSW). Hyponatraemia, if acute that is developed within hours or days may cause confusion, coma restlessness or seizures. 72 patients with ischemic stroke admitted at RMCH were selected for this prospective cohort study. Among the subjects 34 (47.22%) cases were found to have hyponatraemia. The number was quite large and screening patients with stroke for electrolytes may be extremely helpful to reduce mortality and morbidity.TAJ 2009; 22(1): 212-215

Surgical treatment for fungal infections in the central nervous system

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Young ◽  
George Gade ◽  
Verity Grinnell
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Surgical Therapy ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

✓ The hospital records of 78 patients who underwent surgical therapy for fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) between 1964 and 1984 are summarized. Nine different fungal types were identified, but Coccidioides immitis and Cryptococcus neoformans accounted for most (67.1%) of the infections. A variety of clinical syndromes were seen, including chronic basal meningitis (45 patients), intracranial mass lesions (12 patients), and communicating hydrocephalus (six patients). Thirteen patients had rhinocerebral forms of fungal infection, and two presented with spinal involvement. Delays in diagnosis were frequent and ranged from 2 months to 11 years. In 31 patients the CNS lesion was the first indication of a fungal infection, and lesion biopsy or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination confirmed the diagnosis. A total of 144 surgical procedures were carried out, including lesion biopsy or excision in 13 patients, primary CSF shunting in 22, and placement of an Ommaya reservoir for administration of intraventricular or intracisternal antifungal agents in 48. All patients received parenteral and, in some cases, intrathecal or oral antifungal chemotherapy in addition to surgical therapy. Overall mortality was 43.6% (34 deaths). With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate was 39% whereas, when appropriate treatment was delayed, the mortality rate was 64%. An additional 14 surviving patients (17.9%) exhibited permanent morbidity due to neurological deficits, seizure disorders, or renal toxicity following treatment with amphotericin B. The combined mortality and morbidity rate was 62.8%. Clinical symptoms were resolved completely in 29 patients, although in 10 evidence of disease persisted and chemotherapy was continued. Fungal infections of the CNS are being recognized with increased frequency. It is suggested that a high index of suspicion, aggressive attempts to obtain a diagnosis, and early and vigorous therapy may reduce the unfortunate outcome seen in a relatively high proportion of patients with CNS fungal infections.

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