Chronic exposure to low-level cadmium induced zinc-copper dysregulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soisungwan Satarug ◽  
Muneko Nishijo ◽  
Pailin Ujjin ◽  
Michael R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Low Level

Effect of low-level NO2 chronic exposure on elastase-induced emphysema

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lafuma ◽  
A. Harf ◽  
F. Lange ◽  
L. Bozzi ◽  
J.L. Poncy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Low Level

Analysis of carbon monoxide

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Widdop
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Differential Protein ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Acceptable Accuracy ◽  
Total Haemoglobin

The degree of exposure to carbon monoxide is most often assessed by measuring the blood carboxyhaemoglobin saturation. This measurement is relevant to investigations of acute accidental or deliberate poisoning and of chronic exposure in a domestic or work place environment. Simple spectrophotometric methods based on differential protein precipitation or dithionite reduction are prone to interference from other haemoglobin pigments and are imprecise for low-level estimations. Automated spectrophotometric devices (CO-oximeters) that estimate simultaneously total haemoglobin, percentage oxyhaemoglobin and percentage carboxyhaemoglobin have acceptable accuracy for carboxyhaemoglobin saturation levels of > 5% and are recommended for most clinical purposes. For the investigation of low-level exposure and the detection of increased haemolysis in neonates, more sensitive methods involving the release of carbon monoxide and its measurement by gas chromatography are required. Gas chromatographic methods are also appropriate when examining post-mortem blood samples where putrefaction or heat stress has resulted in a significant change in haemoglobin composition.

Early chronic exposure to low-level lead alters total hippocampal microglia in pre-adolescent mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Dominguez ◽  
Mayra Gisel Flores-Montoya ◽  
Christina Sobin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Low Level

Accumulation of 14C Labeled Benzene and Related Compounds in the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis from Seawater

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Echeverria
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Rotifer Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Over Time

Rotifers were exposed to (1) a single dose of 14C labeled benzene on day 1 with initial concentrations of benzene at 0.1 and 1.0 μL/L declining over time and (2) a chronic exposure of 0.1 and 1.0 μL/L daily for 9 d. Both conditions resulted in rotifers accumulating 1000 to 10 000 times the 14C activity detected in the seawater. These concentrations were maintained in the rotifers for 8 and 11 d, respectively, and remained high even after exposure was terminated. Analysis of 14C activity from 14C labeled benzene detected in the water revealed its source to be phenolic compounds, compounds with a potentially higher toxicity than benzene. The water maintained a low level of 14C compounds throughout the experiments. Rotifers accumulated high quantities and retained most of the acquired 14C compounds after 2 d in clean water.Key words: benzene, rotifer, zooplankton, biomagnification

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