When the blanket is too short: Potential negative impacts of expanding indigenous land over a national park in a high priority area for conservation

La colonización dirigida, espontánea y estratégica, además de la permanente ampliación de la frontera agrícola para la extracción de recursos naturales, han determinado el uso y zonificación del espacio amazónico en los últimos 50 años. Las drásticas huellas socio-económicos, culturales y ambientales generadas por estos procesos han impactado negativamente la vida de los pueblos ancestrales y la naturaleza. Una consecuencia drástica es el cambio de la comprensión de la territorialidad en el interior de los territorios indígenas, y de la percepción que de aquel cambio tienen el Estado y los actores asentados en el entorno territorial comunitario. El presente estudio aborda el caso del pueblo waorani e inquiere cómo la ampliación de la frontera extractiva intensificaría los impactos negativos del proceso de desterritorialización en el Parque Nacional Yasuní, poniendo en mayor riesgo la integridad física y cultural de los de los pueblos que viven en aislamiento voluntario: Tagaeri y Oñamenane u otros de los cuales no se tiene referencia. Abstract Targeted, spontaneous and strategic colonization, in addition to the permanent expansion of the agricultural frontier for the extraction of natural resources, has determined the use and zoning of the Amazonian space in the las 50 years. The drastic socioeconomic, cultural and environmental impacts generated by these processes have impated negatively the life of the ancestral peoples and nature. A drastic consequence is the change of the understanding of the territoriality in the interior of the indigenous territories, and the perception that the state and the actors settled in the community territorial environment have of that change. This study addresses the case of the Waorani people and inquires how the expansion of the extractive frontier would intensify the negative impacts of the process of decentralization in the Yasuní National Park, putting at greater risk the physical and cultural integrity of the peoples living in voluntary isolation: Tagaeri and Onamenane or others of which there is no reference.

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Tourism and conservation in Madagascar: The importance of Andasibe National Park

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v56i2.1144 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

David Newsome ◽

Shannon Hassell

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Effective Means ◽

Local Communities ◽

Conservation Priority ◽

Political Climate ◽

International Organisations ◽

Natural Area ◽

Simple Task ◽

Conservation Implications ◽

Negative Impacts

Madagascar is renowned for high levels of biodiversity and endemism. As a result of its unique flora and fauna, as well as the high levels of human threat to the environment, such as illegal clearing, hunting and political instability, it is a critical global conservation priority. Andasibe–Mantadia National Park in eastern Madagascar is one of the most popular protected areas visited by tourists. Observations carried out in 2011 showed that even though there were some negative impacts associated with natural-area tourism, the benefits to both the local communities and associated biological conservation outweighed the negatives. Natural-area tourism at Andasibe is well organised, with many local guide associations having partnerships with international organisations and 50% of park fees going directly to local communities. Forest loss is a widespread problem in Madagascar, but at Andasibe the forest is valued for its ecological function and as a generator of profits from natural-area tourism. Exploitation of the park was not observed. Andasibe is an example of how conservation and natural-area tourism can work together in Madagascar for the benefit of local communities and the environment. However, with the current unstable political climate and lack of adequate wider tourism and conservation planning frameworks, awakening to its potential as a leading conservation tourism destination will not be a simple task. Conservation implications: This research demonstrated that ecotourism can be an effective means of achieving conservation objectives, whilst, at the same time, improving the livelihoods of local people. We caution, however, that governments can do a lot more to encourage and support the nexus between tourism and conservation.

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Lights, bats, and buildings: investigating the factors influencing roosting sites and habitat use by bats in Grand Teton National Park

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.2019.5693 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Hunter J. Cole ◽

Cory A. Toth ◽

Jesse R. Barber

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Large Scale ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Light Sources ◽

Street Lighting ◽

Grand Teton National Park ◽

Bat Activity ◽

Red Led ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Mitigation Methods

Free-flying bats are highly affected by artificial night lighting, causing individuals to either 1) gather in unnaturally high densities around the light sources to exploit insects, or 2) travel increased distances to avoid light exposure. Similarly, nocturnal insects are disproportionately attracted to night lighting, trapping them until they die of exhaustion. The advent of new lighting technology which may decrease the impacts of night lighting on bats and insects by primarily producing light at wavelengths these animals are not sensitive to (i.e. in the red portion of the spectrum) is promising, however no studies have shown this at a large scale, and not in North America. Similarly, many studies on the effects of lights on bats, in general, have been on European species, and thus our overall understanding of how North American species are affected is low. Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, provides an excellent natural system to study the effects of lights on bat behavior, as well as to test possible mitigation methods, as the park supports a large community of over a dozen species, as well as sizeable human infrastructure that generates night light. From June through September, 2019, we undertook a large-scale, blocked experiment examining bat activity and space use in Colter Bay Village under both traditional street-lighting, as well as new “bat friendly” street lighting. Using both passive echolocation records and radiotelemetry, we collected data that will allow us to examine the ability of red LED streetlights to mitigate artificial light’s negative impacts on bats and insects. Featured photo from figure 2 in report.

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Wildlife and Ecotourism Contributions for Sustainable Natural Resource Management In and Around Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15479/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sefi Mekonen Ertiban ◽

Belay Maru

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

National Park ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Local Communities ◽

Cultural Resources ◽

Job Opportunities ◽

Sustainable Natural Resource Management ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Abundance And Diversity

Abstract Wildlife and ecotourism resources were assessed in and around Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) to examine their contribution for sustainable use of natural resources which will improve the livelihood of local communities and conservation of park. Survey questionnaires, interview, field observation and literature reviews were employed to collect primary and secondary data. The analyses of the study revealed that natural and cultural resources such as abundance and diversity of mammals and birds, scenic landscape, cultural and historical attractions and some hotels or lodges at nearby areas are the main ecotourism potential in BMNP. The study also revealed some income generating alternatives or ecotourism potentials which could help to reduce the present degradations of natural resources of the park. About 37.2% of sampled households expressed their interests for diversified livelihood or ecotourism activities. Offering tourist facilities and services and creating job opportunities for members of local communities are the positive impacts of the tourism activities whereas, cutting trees, occurrences of seasonality and leakages are the negative impacts. Reinforcing existing off-agricultural livelihoods, introducing additional alternative options or ecotourism are important strategic directions for sustainable management of natural resources for BMNP and related protected areas.

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Proposta de Gestão Adequada de Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares em Comunidades Rurais Utilizando Análise Espacial

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v13.2.p527-543 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 527

Author(s):

Francisco Hiályson Fidelis-Medeiros ◽

Vitor de Oliveira Lunardi ◽

Diana Gonçalves Lunardi

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Solid Waste ◽

National Park ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Economic Sustainability ◽

Household Solid Waste ◽

Negative Impacts

Os resíduos sólidos rurais representam um grande entrave ao desenvolvimento sustentável pautado na sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica. A destinação incorreta dos resíduos sólidos promove impactos negativos à saúde humana e aos sistemas ambientais. Portanto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram descrever a forma de disposição final dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares em sete comunidades rurais inseridas na Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Nacional da Furna Feia, RN, e apresentar uma proposta de gestão adequada de resíduos sólidos produzidos nestas comunidades. A metodologia foi pautada na observação não participante, com base na lógica de investigação fenomenológica, e na pesquisa-ação, visando contribuir com a gestão dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares. Para a espacialização dos elementos de logística e infraestrutura do modelo de gestão proposto neste estudo, que inclui rotas e pontos de coleta de materiais recicláveis, utilizou-se um sistema de informação geográfica, o Quantum GIS, com o auxílio do módulo de digitalização. Os dados indicaram que em todas as residências avaliadas ocorre a queima de resíduo sólido, enquanto a reutilização de materiais recicláveis foi registrada em 57,5% das residências. O resíduo orgânico, compreendido por sobras de alimento, foi destinado à alimentação de animais domésticos e de produção. Com base nestes dados, é apresentada uma proposta de gestão adequada dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares, com foco na reutilização de materiais recicláveis, com possibilidade de geração de renda, por meio de cooperativas e/ou associações. Para os rejeitos, elaborou-se uma proposta de coleta intermunicipal, visando diminuir gastos operacionais e possibilitar a sustentabilidade socioambiental. Proposed Appropriate Management of Household Solid Waste in Rural Communities Using Spatial Analysis A B S T R A C TRural solid waste represents a major obstacle to sustainable development based on environmental, social and economic sustainability. Incorrect disposal of solid waste causes negative impacts on human health and environmental systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to describe the form of final disposal of household solid waste in seven rural communities inserted in the buffer zone of Furna Feia National Park, RN, Brazil, and present a proposal for appropriate management of solid waste produced in these communities. The methodology was based on non-participant observation, through of the logic of phenomenological research, and action research, aiming to contribute to the management of household solid waste. For the spatialization of the logistics and infrastructure elements of the management model proposed in this study, which includes routes and collection points for recyclable materials, we used a geographic information system, Quantum GIS, with the aid of the digitization module. Data indicated that in all households evaluated, solid waste is burned, while the reuse of recyclable materials was recorded in 57.5% of households. The organic waste, comprised of food scraps, was destined to feed domestic and farm animals. Based on these data, we present a proposal for the appropriate management of household solid waste, focusing on the reuse of recyclable materials, with the possibility of generating financial resources through cooperatives and/or associations. For the tailing, we elaborated a proposal for intercity collection, aiming to reduce operating expenses and enable social and environmental sustainability.Keywords: Geoprocessing; Environmental management; Public policy; Sustainability; Protected area.

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Wish you were here? Building on Aotearoa's sacred land in the age of colonisation and overtourism.

10.26686/wgtn.16640716 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Benjamin Carpenter

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Joint Management ◽

Research Through Design ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Sacred Land ◽

Sudden Decrease

In 1887 Te Heuheu Tūkino IV Horonuku, paramount chief of Ngāti Tūwharetoa gave the peaks of Tongariro, Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu as a tuku (gift with reciprocal obligations) to the Crown. From this tuku, a joint management of the worlds fourth national park was imagined but did not eventuate. The Tongariro National Park has been run by the Crown with little Māori voice for over a hundred years. Today over 142,000 people complete the Tongariro Alpine Crossing (TAC) each year. This number of people, many with uninformed notions of what is acceptable behaviour, affect the environment and the mauri (spiritual essence) of the maunga (mountain). The arrival of Covid-19 closed Aotearoa’s borders to tourists. The sudden decrease in numbers prompted calls to rethink our nation’s approach to tourism and how we value our wild spaces. Overtourism and colonisation are significant issues for Tongariro National Park. This thesis asks how architecture on the TAC can reduce the negative impacts of colonisation and overtourism, and provide a platform on which wider progress can begin. This thesis draws on literature, site observations and expert stakeholders using a ‘research-through-design’ methodology to create a series of architectural outcomes within the park. A theoretical framework was developed concurrently to ensure that the overarching goals of decolonisation and mitigation of overtourism were achieved as visitors complete the TAC. Through this thesis, six architectural interventions were created; some new, and some replacing existing infrastructure. I explore how each intervention responded to the effects of overtourism and colonisation, both as a singular intervention and as part of a larger scheme.

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Using camera traps to study the age–sex structure and behaviour of crop-using elephants Loxodonta africana in Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605317000345 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 368-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Josephine Smit ◽

Rocío A. Pozo ◽

Jeremy J. Cusack ◽

Katarzyna Nowak ◽

Trevor Jones

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Loxodonta Africana ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Adult Males ◽

Crop Losses ◽

Sex Structure ◽

Young Males ◽

Udzungwa Mountains ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Crop Foraging

AbstractCrop losses to foraging elephants are one of the primary obstacles to the coexistence of elephants and people. Understanding whether some individuals in a population are more likely to forage on crops, and the temporal patterns of elephant visits to farms, is key to mitigating the negative impacts of elephants on farmers’ livelihoods. We used camera traps to study the crop foraging behaviour of African elephants Loxodonta africana in farmland adjacent to the Udzungwa Mountains National Park in southern Tanzania during October 2010–August 2014. Camera traps placed on elephant trails into farmland detected elephants on 336 occasions during the study period. We identified individual elephants for 126 camera-trap detections. All were independent males, and we identified 48 unique bulls aged 10–29 years. Two-thirds of the bulls identified were detected only once by camera traps during the study period. Our findings are consistent with previous studies that found that adult males are more likely to adopt high-risk feeding behaviours such as crop foraging, although young males dispersing from maternal family units also consume crops in Udzungwa. We found a large number of occasional crop-users (32 of the 48 bulls identified) and a smaller number of repeat crop-users (16 of 48), suggesting that lethal control of crop-using elephants is unlikely to be an effective long-term strategy for reducing crop losses to elephants.

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Exploring the impacts of protected area tourism on local communities using a resilience approach

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v56i2.1161 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jennifer Strickland-Munro ◽

Susan Moore

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Protected Area ◽

National Park ◽

Local Community ◽

Social Equity ◽

Local Communities ◽

Economic Opportunities ◽

Conservation Implications ◽

Building Community ◽

Negative Impacts

As the protected area mandate expands to include social equity, the impacts of parks and their tourism on neighbouring indigenous and local communities is receiving growing practical and theoretical interest. This article reported on one such study, which explored the impacts of protected area tourism on communities bordering the iconic Kruger National Park in South Africa and Purnululu National Park in Australia. The study drew on interviews with park staff, tourism operators and community members. Guided by a conceptual framework grounded in resilience thinking, interactions amongst the parks, tourism and local communities were revealed as complex, contested and multi-scalar. Underlying drivers included cultural norms and values based on nature, entrenched poverty, poor Western education and economic opportunities associated with tourism. Park tourism offered intrinsic opportunities and benefits from nature conservation and associated intangible cultural values. More tangible benefits arose through employment. Damage-causing animals and visitation difficulties were negative impacts. Interaction with tourists was limited, with a sense of disconnect evident. Findings indicated the need for multifaceted, carefully considered policy responses if social equity and benefits for local communities are to be achieved. Framing the impacts of protected area tourism through the resilience framework provided a useful way to access local community perceptions whilst retaining awareness of the broader multi-scalar context in which interactions occur. Conservation implications: Perceptions of separation and lack of education to engage in economic opportunities are major issues. Intrinsic appreciation of parks is an important platform for building future opportunities. Accrual of future benefits for local communities from park tourism depends on developing diverse economic opportunities, building community capacity and managing expectations and addressing economic disadvantage.

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Invasive Alien Species Plants in Sukaraja Atas Resort, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park

Jurnal Sylva Lestari ◽

10.23960/jsl18109-120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Agus Sayfulloh ◽

Melya Riniarti ◽

Trio Santoso

Keyword(s):

Alien Species ◽

Native Species ◽

National Park ◽

Invasive Alien Species ◽

Imperata Cylindrica ◽

Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Open Land ◽

Negative Impacts

One of the problems encountered by the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS) is the presence of invasive alien species. Invasive alien species are plants that grow outside their natural distribution and have the ability to cover the area; hence it could suppress the growth of the other plants. The presence of invasive alien species in the national park has been widely reported to cause negative impacts on the ecosystem, local biodiversity, socio-economic, and human health in the vicinity. This study was carried out in the rehabilitation zone of the Sukaraja Atas Resort of TNBBS that had shifted into open land. This study aimed to determine the species and dominance of invasive alien species that exist. The sampling method was used by laying plots consisted of the combination of the line and multiple plot methods with a total plot of 25 plots. Data analysis was performed by selecting invasive alien species observed based related-literature, while the dominance of invasive alien species was calculated by the importance value index (IVI). The results identified 121 species, of which 29 species or 35% of them were classified as invasive alien, which originating from 19 families. Three invasive alien species become the most dominating, namely: Clidemia hirta with an IVI of 22.61, Imperata cylindrica with an IVI of 18.03, and Calliandra calothyrsus with an IVI 17.96. The environmental conditions and species characteristics supported the three invasive alien species domination; hence it inhibited the growth of native species. Keywords: Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, invasive alien species, rehabilitation zone

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