scholarly journals Exploring the impacts of protected area tourism on local communities using a resilience approach

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Strickland-Munro ◽  
Susan Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Negative Impacts

As the protected area mandate expands to include social equity, the impacts of parks and their tourism on neighbouring indigenous and local communities is receiving growing practical and theoretical interest. This article reported on one such study, which explored the impacts of protected area tourism on communities bordering the iconic Kruger National Park in South Africa and Purnululu National Park in Australia. The study drew on interviews with park staff, tourism operators and community members. Guided by a conceptual framework grounded in resilience thinking, interactions amongst the parks, tourism and local communities were revealed as complex, contested and multi-scalar. Underlying drivers included cultural norms and values based on nature, entrenched poverty, poor Western education and economic opportunities associated with tourism. Park tourism offered intrinsic opportunities and benefits from nature conservation and associated intangible cultural values. More tangible benefits arose through employment. Damage-causing animals and visitation difficulties were negative impacts. Interaction with tourists was limited, with a sense of disconnect evident. Findings indicated the need for multifaceted, carefully considered policy responses if social equity and benefits for local communities are to be achieved. Framing the impacts of protected area tourism through the resilience framework provided a useful way to access local community perceptions whilst retaining awareness of the broader multi-scalar context in which interactions occur. Conservation implications: Perceptions of separation and lack of education to engage in economic opportunities are major issues. Intrinsic appreciation of parks is an important platform for building future opportunities. Accrual of future benefits for local communities from park tourism depends on developing diverse economic opportunities, building community capacity and managing expectations and addressing economic disadvantage.

scholarly journals Tourism and conservation in Madagascar: The importance of Andasibe National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Newsome ◽  
Shannon Hassell
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Negative Impacts

Madagascar is renowned for high levels of biodiversity and endemism. As a result of its unique flora and fauna, as well as the high levels of human threat to the environment, such as illegal clearing, hunting and political instability, it is a critical global conservation priority. Andasibe–Mantadia National Park in eastern Madagascar is one of the most popular protected areas visited by tourists. Observations carried out in 2011 showed that even though there were some negative impacts associated with natural-area tourism, the benefits to both the local communities and associated biological conservation outweighed the negatives. Natural-area tourism at Andasibe is well organised, with many local guide associations having partnerships with international organisations and 50% of park fees going directly to local communities. Forest loss is a widespread problem in Madagascar, but at Andasibe the forest is valued for its ecological function and as a generator of profits from natural-area tourism. Exploitation of the park was not observed. Andasibe is an example of how conservation and natural-area tourism can work together in Madagascar for the benefit of local communities and the environment. However, with the current unstable political climate and lack of adequate wider tourism and conservation planning frameworks, awakening to its potential as a leading conservation tourism destination will not be a simple task. Conservation implications: This research demonstrated that ecotourism can be an effective means of achieving conservation objectives, whilst, at the same time, improving the livelihoods of local people. We caution, however, that governments can do a lot more to encourage and support the nexus between tourism and conservation.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT AT AKETAJAWE LOLOBATA NASIONAL PARK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hery Sigit Cahyadi ◽  
Beta Budisetyorini ◽  
Odang Permana
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Know How

ABSTRAKKeterlibatan masyarakat merupakan elemen penting dalam pengembangan pariwisata, terutama di kawasan lindung. Konflik sering terjadi di dalam taman nasional karena perbedaan kepentingan. Masyarakat lokal berasumsi bahwa mereka telah hidup di taman nasional selama beberapa generasi, sementara pihak taman nasional beerasumsi bahwa mereka memiliki kewajiban untuk memiliki sumber daya di dalam taman nasional. Keberadaan taman nasional sebagai objek wisata memungkinkan mereka untuk saling bekerja sama dengan cara yang saling menguntungkan. Jadi sangat penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana keterlibatan masyarakat yang terkandung di dalam taman nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan wawancara dilakukan untuk manajemen taman nasional dan masyarakat lokal di dalam taman nasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana taman nasional yang melibatkan masyarakat asli di dalamnya dan bagaimana mereka berpartisipasi dalam pengembangan pariwisata di dalam taman nasional. Kata kunci: Taman Nasional Aketajawe, Keterlibatan Masyarakat  COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT AT AKETAJAWE LOLOBATA NASIONAL PARK ABSTRACTCommunity involvemet is an important element in tourism development, especially in protected area. Conflicts often occur within national parks because of differences in interests. Local communities assume that they have lived in national parks for generations while national parks assume that they have the duty to have resources within the national park. The existence of a national park as a tourist attraction makes it possible for them to cooperate with each other in a mutually beneficial manner. So it is very important to know how the involvement of the community contained within the national park. This research used a qualitative research method and interview was conducted to both national park management and local community inside the park. The aim of this research are to find out how national park involving the indigenous community inside the national park and how they participated in tourism development inside the park. Keywords: Aketajawe Lolobata National Parks, Community Involvement

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengembangan Wisata dengan Strategi Nafkah dan Taraf Hidup Rumah Tangga Nelayan Desa Karimunjawa

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Luki Setyawan ◽  
Arif Satria
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Balance Of Nature ◽  
Interview Method

The purpose of this study to analyze the correlation of  tourism development with livelihood strategies and living standard of fisherman household of Karimunjawa Village. Type of attraction that developed in Indonesia is ecotourism and tourism. Tourism development are good not only focus on the balance of nature and level of the economy, but also the welfare of local communities. Fisherman are part of the local community in the implementation of coastal tourism and small islands. This study will analyze about tourism and fisher household. This research combined quantitative approach using questioner method and qualitative approach using interview method. The result of this study explained about the development of tourism had affected the livelihood strategy of fisherman household. Implementation of the strategy is not only living as part of efforts to sustain life, but also improve the standard of living of  fishermen household.Keywords: ecotourism, national park, livelihood structure-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRAKPenelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat, yang mencakup dua dusun, yaitu Dusun Sade, Desa Rembitan, Kecamatan Jonggata dan Dusun Ketangge, Desa Sukarara, Kecamatan Pujut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat struktur nafkah dan bentuk strategi nafkah rumahtangga penenun. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis pengaruh pemanfaatan lima modal nafkah terhadap resiliensi rumahtangga penenun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif dilakukan melalui pendekatan survei dan menggunakan kuesioner. Pengumpulan data kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Pendekatan lain yang digunakan adalah melalui observasi lapang di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara modal nafkah terhadap tingkat resiliensi, serta memaparkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat resiliensi rumahtangga penenun di dua dusun. Faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat resiliensi di Dusun Sade yaitu pinjaman, tingkat alokasi tenaga kerja dan penguasaan keterampilan. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat resiliensi rumahtangga penenun di Dusun Ketangge yaitu pinjaman, tingkat lama waktu bersekolah dan tingkat investasi barang.Kata kunci: ekowisata, taman nasional, struktur nafkah

scholarly journals The impact of tourism on local communities and their environment in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan: a local community perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Najum us Saqib ◽  
Asim Yaqub ◽  
Gomal Amin ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Huma Ajab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The northern area of Pakistan, Gilgit Baltistan (GB), has huge tourist potential due to its exotic mountain beauty. According to the GB Tourism Department, a large number of tourists (around 200651) visit GB every year from across the country. Due to a large influx of tourists in the area both positive and negative impacts have been felt especially on the environment and on the local communities. The environmental impacts of tourism were investigated in this research in two districts of GB. Three villages were selected from each of the districts of Hunza and Diamer as the basis of this research. This study was based on the perceptions and attitudes of the respondents. The total number of questionnaires completed was 340 filled from different respondent categories. Results showed that deforestation, loss of biodiversity, generation of solid waste, water, air and noise pollution, damage cultural and heritage sites and are the main environmental issues caused by tourism activities in the villages in these districts. About 42% of respondents said that deforestation and loss of biodiversity were high in the Diamer district while in Hunza 39% of respondents said that solid waste generation was high. Similarly, 21% respondents in Hunza and 14% respondents in Diamer agreed that water pollution is caused by tourism activities. Microbial analysis of water confirmed the presence of Salmonella typhi, E. coli and Enterobacter sp. There were positive impacts of tourism with results revealing that 87% of villagers and 98% of businessmen responded that tourism had provided them with jobs and business during the peak tourism season. Hotels and restaurants are the main source of jobs in GB mainly as porters and guides. According to the data collected dry fruits, medicinal herbs, gemstones and handicrafts provided considerable attractions for tourists. It is recommended that a combined effort be made by the local communities, tourism departments and other Govt. Agencies to ensure the cleanliness of tourist attractions.

The National Park Management Regime in Bhutan: Historical Background and Current Problems

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Seeland
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Biodiversity Preservation ◽  
National Resource

AbstractThis paper gives an account of the recent history and the international and national policy background with respect to the planning and administration of Bhutan's nine national parks, nature reserves and sanctuaries, and sheds light on their current problems. Although more than 25 per cent of Bhutanese territory has been declared protected area over the last three decades, little data is available on the local population's perception of the aims, present status and the benefits of national parks, and their future role in the regional political setting and national resource use policy. Local communities are exposed to the legal limitations of resource use. A national park regime faces the problems of integrating issues of local management with the international community's demands on biodiversity preservation and conservation, and with the objectives of a national resource use concept.

scholarly journals Ecotourism in the Tangkoko DuaSudara Nature Reserve: opening Pandora' box?

Oryx ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret F. Kinnaird ◽  
Timothy G. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Macaca Nigra ◽  
Visitor Numbers

Indonesia, like many other developing countries, is turning to ecotourism in an attempt to integrate the goals of development and nature conservation. Although ecotourism may be a valuable tool for preservation of biodiversity, it can have long-term negative effects on reserves, wildlife and local communities if improperly managed. In this study the authors evaluated ecotourism in the Tangkoko DuaSudara Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, by examining trends in visitor numbers, the tourist experience, the distribution of tourist revenues, and tourist impact on the Sulawesi black macaque Macaca nigra and spectral tarsier Tarsier spectrum. The data collected showed that, although tourism is expanding rapidly, local benefits are not being fully realized, the reserve does not generate enough money to implement management, and primate behaviour is being affected. There is urgent need for a change in legal status of the reserve if ecotourism is to be managed. National park status would accommodate ecotourism planning and development, provide for greater participation by the local community, and allow for increased revenues for management.

scholarly journals Wildlife and Ecotourism Contributions for Sustainable Natural Resource Management In and Around Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefi Mekonen Ertiban ◽  
Belay Maru
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Sustainable Natural Resource Management ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract Wildlife and ecotourism resources were assessed in and around Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) to examine their contribution for sustainable use of natural resources which will improve the livelihood of local communities and conservation of park. Survey questionnaires, interview, field observation and literature reviews were employed to collect primary and secondary data. The analyses of the study revealed that natural and cultural resources such as abundance and diversity of mammals and birds, scenic landscape, cultural and historical attractions and some hotels or lodges at nearby areas are the main ecotourism potential in BMNP. The study also revealed some income generating alternatives or ecotourism potentials which could help to reduce the present degradations of natural resources of the park. About 37.2% of sampled households expressed their interests for diversified livelihood or ecotourism activities. Offering tourist facilities and services and creating job opportunities for members of local communities are the positive impacts of the tourism activities whereas, cutting trees, occurrences of seasonality and leakages are the negative impacts. Reinforcing existing off-agricultural livelihoods, introducing additional alternative options or ecotourism are important strategic directions for sustainable management of natural resources for BMNP and related protected areas.

scholarly journals Enhancing capacity and empowering local communities live inside Thirty Hills National Park, Riau through meliponiculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 917 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
A Pribadi ◽  
D Roza
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Empowerment Program

Abstract Thirty Hills National Park (THNP) located in Riau province has a local community, namely Talang Mamak tribes, who live inside its territory. To increase their livelihood and reduce their dependency on forest resources, THNP conducts an empowerment activity as an alternative for living through meliponiculture. Meliponiculture is a practice of beekeeping using stingless bees. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectivity of meliponiculture as an empowerment activity program. This study was conducted at five communities of Talang Mamak tribes during 2019, namely Tualang, Bangayauan, Nunusan, Air Bomban, and Sadan. Provide to assist and initiate their enthusiasm in this program. Honey production and their capability in maintaining the stingless bees are respond variables that are assessed to determine the effectivity of the program. Results reveal that honey production at five communities are highly increase (avg. 63.12%) in the second semester except in Sadan that is slightly decline (9,89%) even though Sadan have the highest honey production in the first semester as 5 kgs. Furthermore, Air Bomban produces 16.3 kg in the second semester and have the highest honey production in the second semester or increase 91.06% compare to first semester. In addition, there is only in Bengayauan that only have six colonies that have not produced honey yet from total fiveteen colonies. Meanwhile, sixty colonies of stingless bees that are placed at the other four communities are already active in producing honey and show that the communities are able to maintain those colonies. The consistency and marketing are needed to guarantee the effectivity of this empowerment program in the following years.

scholarly journals Local Community Participation in the Development of Ecological Tourism in West Bali National Park

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Sunarta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ecological Tourism

Dependence of local communities on natural resources in the area of ??West Bali National Park (TNBB) showed low conservation awareness of local communities to support the area as ecological tourism resources, and showed lack of participation of the local community because of their powerlessness in decision-making and captures a wide range of benefits or contributions of ecological tourism. This study aims to determine the level of local participation in the development of products and markets of ecological tourism, by using deductive approach.During stage of analysis and synthesis, descriptive method is used to explain the causal link between the study variables. Since 2008, TNBB changed its repressive approach to community development that previously looked into persuasive public relations with BTNBB as " us vs. them " later changed into " we ", especially in the development of ecological tourism product, which is actualized in society called "Manuk Jegeg". Participation of local communities in the development of ecological tourism is not entirely the local community initiatives. So that kind of participation can be classified into functional types of participation. Participation is still a continuation of the existence of an external agent External interests of society. It is seen from the establishment of "Manuk Jegeg" community, where external parties are only facilitating and accommodating the aspirations of the community in decision making.

scholarly journals PENGLIBATAN KOMUNITI TEMPATAN DALAM KEUSAHAWANAN PELANCONGAN: KAJIAN KES PULAU PERHENTIAN, MALAYSIA[ENGAGEMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITY IN TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A CASE STUDY OF PERHENTIAN ISLAND, MALAYSIA]

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Norhafiza Md Sharif ◽  
Ku 'Azam Tuan Lonik
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

This study aims to examine the empowerment of local communities as tourism operators, as well as to analyze their perceptions of the economic impacts on Pulau Perhentian. The study used quantitative method involving 150 respondents comprising local communities working as tour operators. The respondents were recruited using purposive sampling and snowball technique. The findings reveal that the majority of tourism operators are male, aged between 25 to 44, with secondary level of education and married. Most of the operators have been managing their business for 16 to 20 years and have earned an estimated monthly income of RM1001.00 to RM2000.00. The study concludes that the tourism sector has contributed to: a) reducing unemployment rate, b) providing employment opportunities for women and single mothers, c) encouraging the involvement of local communities in the field of tourism entrepreneurial, e) generating income to communities, f) attracting foreign investors to invest, and g) reducing poverty rate. However, local communities are also affected by the negative impacts of the tourism sector such as: a) rising prices for goods and services, b) rising cost of living, and c) increasing the value of real estate and rental rates. This study is hoped to provide useful insights into the tourism entrepreneurship at Pulau Perhentian so that the government can take necessary actions in improving the sector.Keywords: Community empowerment, community involvement, island tourism entrepreneurial, entrepreneurial characteristics, economic impactCite as: Md Sharif, N. & Tuan Lonik, K.A. (2018). Penglibatan komuniti tempatan dalam keusahawanan pelancongan: Kajian kes Pulau Perhentian, Malaysia [Engagement of local community in tourism entrepreneurship: A case study of Perhentian Island, Malaysia]. Journalof Nusantara Studies, 3(1),103-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss1pp103-119  AbstrakKajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pemerkasaan komuniti tempatan sebagai pengusaha pelancongan, serta menganalisa persepsi mereka terhadap impak ekonomi di Pulau Perhentian. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif yang melibatkan 150 orang responden yang terdiri daripada komuniti tempatan yang terlibat sebagai pengusaha pelancongan dengan menggunakan prosedur persampelan jenis bertujuan dan bola salji. Hasil kajian mendapati majoriti pengusaha pelancongan tempatan adalah terdiri daripada lelaki, berumur 25 hingga 44 tahun, menerima pendidikan sehingga sekolah menengah dan berstatus berkahwin. Kebanyakan pengusaha menjalankan perniagaan selama 16 hingga 20 tahun dan memperoleh anggaran pendapatan bulanan RM1001 hingga RM2000. Kajian ini mendapati pembangunan sektor pelancongan di Pulau Perhentian berupaya: a) mengurangkan kadar pengangguran, b) memberi peluang pekerjaan kepada kaum wanita serta ibu tunggal, c) menyumbang kepada penglibatan komuniti tempatan dalam bidang keusahawanan pelancongan, d) menawarkan peluang pekerjaan kepada penduduk, e) menyumbang kepada pendapatan penduduk, f) menarik minat pelabur asing untuk melabur, dan g) mengurangkan kadar kemiskinan. Namun, komuniti turut terkesan oleh impak negatif daripada sektor pelancongan seperti: a) peningkatan harga barangan dan perkhidmatan, b) peningkatan kos sara hidup, dan c) peningkatan nilai hartanah dan kadar sewa tanah. Dalam masa yang sama, pengusaha terlibat mengharapkan kerjasama daripada pihak kerajaan dalam memainkan peranan dalam memajukan industri pelancongan pulau tersebut.Kata kunci: Pemerkasaan komuniti, penglibatan komuniti, keusahawanan pelancongan pulau, ciri keusahawanan, impak ekonomi

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