scholarly journals Lights, bats, and buildings: investigating the factors influencing roosting sites and habitat use by bats in Grand Teton National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Hunter J. Cole ◽  
Cory A. Toth ◽  
Jesse R. Barber
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Mitigation Methods

Free-flying bats are highly affected by artificial night lighting, causing individuals to either 1) gather in unnaturally high densities around the light sources to exploit insects, or 2) travel increased distances to avoid light exposure. Similarly, nocturnal insects are disproportionately attracted to night lighting, trapping them until they die of exhaustion. The advent of new lighting technology which may decrease the impacts of night lighting on bats and insects by primarily producing light at wavelengths these animals are not sensitive to (i.e. in the red portion of the spectrum) is promising, however no studies have shown this at a large scale, and not in North America. Similarly, many studies on the effects of lights on bats, in general, have been on European species, and thus our overall understanding of how North American species are affected is low. Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, provides an excellent natural system to study the effects of lights on bat behavior, as well as to test possible mitigation methods, as the park supports a large community of over a dozen species, as well as sizeable human infrastructure that generates night light. From June through September, 2019, we undertook a large-scale, blocked experiment examining bat activity and space use in Colter Bay Village under both traditional street-lighting, as well as new “bat friendly” street lighting. Using both passive echolocation records and radiotelemetry, we collected data that will allow us to examine the ability of red LED streetlights to mitigate artificial light’s negative impacts on bats and insects.   Featured photo from figure 2 in report.

scholarly journals Methods in Geoscience Field Instruction: University of Nebraska-Lincoln

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
David Harwood ◽  
Kyle Thompson
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Teton Range ◽  
Park Area ◽  
University Of Nebraska Lincoln ◽  
The University

Eight in-service teachers, one pre-service education student, three observers from other universities, and two instructors from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln engaged in an inquiry-based geology field course from June 13 to 28, 2015 through Wyoming, South Dakota, and Nebraska. This commnity of learners spent three days working in the Grand Teton National Park area. Geological features and history present in Grand Teton National Park are an important part of the course curriculum. Large-scale extensional features of the Teton Range and Jackson Hole, and the glacial geomorphology and related climate changes of this area are some of the unique features examined here.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Distribution of Plague and Tularemia in Small Mammals of Grand Teton National Park

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Asaf Dagan ◽  
Colin Gillin ◽  
Kira Marciniak
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
University Of Wyoming ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Zoological Society ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Low Incidence

Sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis) and tularemia (Francisella tularensis) are infectious bacterial diseases that can be transmitted from wild mammals to humans by insects or through direct contact. Although cases of plague and tularemia have been reported in the southwest, a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence, distribution and dynamics of these diseases is lacking. During the months of June and July 2000 we sampled small mammals in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) for antibodies of these zoonotic diseases. This survey was conducted in conjunction with a large scale population dynamics study, lead by Dr. Brian Miller, Denver Zoological society, and Dr. Hank Harlow, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming. A published survey of plague and tularemia has not been conducted in GTNP. In 1996, Dr. Fredrick Jannett looked for plague in the genus Microtus and found low incidence

scholarly journals Lights, bats, and buildings: investigating the factors influencing roosting sites and habitat use by bats in Grand Teton National Park

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Cory A. Toth ◽  
Jesse R. Barber
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Echolocation Call ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Photo Collection ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
The Village

Bats are often useful bioindicators for ecosystem health and are disproportionately affected by sources of night light. Changes in bat behavior may manifest in two different ways: 1) some bats are light-exploiting and therefore attracted to areas with light sources, and 2) some are light-shy, traveling far out of their way to avoid lit areas. Grand Teton National Park provides an excellent natural system to study the effects of lights on bat behavior, as the park supports a large community of over a dozen species, as well as sizeable human infrastructure that generates night light. From June to August 2018 we used passive acoustic monitoring and radiotelemetry to study the activity and space use of bats in Colter Bay Village, specifically in the large parking lot at the center of the village and the adjacent naturally dark areas. We recorded 98,238 echolocation call sequences from 11 species, with the vast majority (~69,000) occurring in lit areas. Further, we recorded 4,665 location fixes from 32 tagged individuals from three species and, similarly, most location fixes (2,970) were in lit areas. All day roosts were found within buildings. We discuss the importance of these results and our work moving forward.   Featured photo by Shawna Wolf, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.

Design of Solar-Powered LED Road Lighting System

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Canan Perdahci ◽  
Hamdi Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Mercury Vapour ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
High Pressure Sodium Lamp

Turkey is rich in terms of renewable energy sources and, therefore, is now encouraging the use of sustainable clean lighting systems in road applications. High pressure sodium lamp is the most widely used type in main roads, but other types of lamps such as mercury vapour lamps or metal halide lamps can be utilized for street lighting. Since it enables energy and money saving, LED light technology has replaced high pressure sodium lamps nowadays. Once solar power system (PV) is integrated with LED lamp for street lighting, the amount of saving and local impact might be enriched. LEDs used as light sources in road lighting luminaires with rising lumen values, decreasing junction temperature, higher colour rendering efficiency, longer lifetime have become more efficient than many light sources with the latest developments. Since the structure of the luminaires in which the LED light sources are used differs from that of the conventional light sources, the optical, thermal and electrical design of the LED luminaires must be considered differently. Thus, this study concentrates upon design considerations and the operating principle of solarpowered LED road lighting luminaire in details. Also, a simple solar panel system was designed and the economical values obtained at the end of 20 years were compared when using the ongrid system and the off-grid system.

Classification of vegetation in Cucphuong National Park with the aim of large-scale mapping, Vietnam

1996 ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguen Nghia Thin ◽  
Nguen Ba Thu ◽  
Tran Van Thuy
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

The tropical seasonal rainy evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation of the Cucphoung National Park has been classified and the distribution of plant communities has been shown on the map using the relations of vegetation to geology, geomorphology and pedology. The method of vegetation mapping includes: 1) the identifying of vegetation types in the remote-sensed materials (aerial photographs and satellite images); 2) field work to compile the interpretation keys and to characterize all the communities of a study area; 3) compilation of the final vegetation map using the combined information. In the classification presented a number of different level vegetation units have been identified: formation classes (3), formation sub-classes (3), formation groups (3), formations (4), subformations (10) and communities (19). Communities have been taken as mapping units. So in the vegetation map of the National Park 19 vegetation categories has been shown altogether, among them 13 are natural primary communities, and 6 are the secondary, anthropogenic ones. The secondary succession goes through 3 main stages: grassland herbaceous xerophytic vegetation, xerophytic scrub, dense forest.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the Green Shield-Moss Buxbaumia viridis (Moug.) Brid. in the Bieszczady Mountains of Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Piotr Brewczyński ◽  
Kamil Grałek ◽  
Piotr Bilański
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences ◽  
Natura 2000 Site ◽  
Forest District

The small-sized gametophytes and sporophytes of the green shield-moss Buxbaumia viridis (Moug.) Brid. make it difficult to study. However, in Europe, there has been increasing interest in this species in the past few years, mostly as a result of the implementation of the Natura 2000 network. In Poland, B. viridis has only been reported in isolated studies that have been limited in terms of area and the number of participating workers. One of the Polish regions where B. viridis was recently recorded is the Bieszczady Mountains, but there have been no large-scale surveys of that region to date. The objective of the current work was to describe the B. viridis population in the Bieszczady Mountains in terms of its spatial distribution and abundance, investigate its selected microhabitat preferences, and evaluate the conservation status of this moss species within the Natura 2000 site Bieszczady PLC180001. The studied region encompassed 93,490.44 ha, including 69,056.23 ha of managed forests and 24,434.21 ha of forests belonging to the Bieszczady National Park. A preliminary survey was conducted in the Cisna Forest District (forest area of 19,555.82 ha) on 15–17 November 2017, while the main survey was performed in selected forest subcompartments of four forest districts—Baligród, Komańcza, Lutowiska, and Stuposiany—as well as the Bieszczady National Park from 5 to 16 November 2018. The field work consisted of searching for B. viridis sporophytes and setae and recording selected population and locality characteristics. The study led to the discovery of 353 new B. viridis localities in 202 study areas, with 9197 diploid individuals (sporophytes or setae only) growing in 545 microhabitats. The number of B. viridis localities discovered in the Bieszczady Mountains during 17 days of survey in 2017 and 2018 was two times higher than the combined number of localities previously found in Poland over more than 150 years (159 localities). Additionally, the number of sporophytes and setae identified was two times greater than their overall number in previous records. In addition, this study provides information about selected microhabitat preferences and the conservation status of this moss in the Bieszczady Natura 2000 site.

scholarly journals Lighting System Modernization as a Source of Green Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Leszek Kotulski ◽  
Artur Basiura ◽  
Igor Wojnicki ◽  
Sebastian Siuchta
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Lighting Retrofit

The use of formal methods and artificial intelligence has made it possible to automatically design outdoor lighting. Quick design for large cities, in a matter of hours instead of weeks, and analysis of various optimization criteria enables to save energy and tune profit stream from lighting retrofit. Since outdoor lighting is of a large scale, having luminaires on every street in urban areas, and since it needs to be retrofitted every 10 to 15 years, choosing proper parameters and light sources leads to significant energy savings. This paper presents the concept and calculations of Levelized Cost of Electricity for outdoor lighting retrofit. It is understood as cost of energy savings, it is in the range from 23.06 to 54.64 EUR/MWh, based on real-world cases. This makes street and road lighting modernization process the best green “energy source” if compared with the 2018 Fraunhofer Institute cost of electricity renewable energy technologies ranking. This indicates that investment in lighting retrofit is more economically and ecologically viable than investment in new renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Marsh rabbit mortalities tie pythons to the precipitous decline of mammals in the Everglades

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1805) ◽  
pp. 20150120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. McCleery ◽  
Adia Sovie ◽  
Robert N. Reed ◽  
Mark W. Cunningham ◽  
Margaret E. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Faunal Communities ◽  
Python Molurus ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Precipitous Decline ◽  
Python Molurus Bivittatus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ecological Functioning

To address the ongoing debate over the impact of invasive species on native terrestrial wildlife, we conducted a large-scale experiment to test the hypothesis that invasive Burmese pythons ( Python molurus bivittatus ) were a cause of the precipitous decline of mammals in Everglades National Park (ENP). Evidence linking pythons to mammal declines has been indirect and there are reasons to question whether pythons, or any predator, could have caused the precipitous declines seen across a range of mammalian functional groups. Experimentally manipulating marsh rabbits, we found that pythons accounted for 77% of rabbit mortalities within 11 months of their translocation to ENP and that python predation appeared to preclude the persistence of rabbit populations in ENP. On control sites, outside of the park, no rabbits were killed by pythons and 71% of attributable marsh rabbit mortalities were classified as mammal predations. Burmese pythons pose a serious threat to the faunal communities and ecological functioning of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, which will probably spread as python populations expand their range.

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