Music lessons enhance executive functions in 6- to 7-year-old children

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 101442
Author(s):  
Ulrike Frischen ◽  
Gudrun Schwarzer ◽  
Franziska Degé
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Degé ◽  
Claudia Kubicek ◽  
Gudrun Schwarzer

the present study investigated whether the association between music lessons and intelligence is mediated by executive functions. Intelligence and five different executive functions (set shifting, selective attention, planning, inhibition, and fluency) were assessed in 9- to 12-year-old children with varying amounts of music lessons. Significant associations emerged between music lessons and all of the measures of executive function. Executive functions mediated the association between music lessons and intelligence, with the measures of selective attention and inhibition being the strongest contributors to the mediation effect. Our results suggest that at least part of the association between music lessons and intelligence is explained by the positive influence music lessons have on executive functions, which in turn improve performance on intelligence tests.


Author(s):  
Manfred Hintermair ◽  
Désirée Korneffel

Fragestellung: Da im Zuge inklusiver Bestrebungen immer mehr hörgeschädigte Kinder eine allgemeine Schule besuchen werden, gilt es, relevante entwicklungspsychologische Voraussetzungen hierfür genauer zu betrachten. In einer Studie wurden deshalb sozial-emotionale Probleme hörgeschädigter Kinder an allgemeinen Schulen im Zusammenhang mit möglichen Problemen in der Entwicklung exekutiver Funktionen und der kommunikativen Kompetenz diskutiert. Methodik: Eine Stichprobe von 69 Schülern wurde mit einer deutschen Version des «Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF)», einer Kurzskala zur Erfassung der kommunikativen Kompetenz sowie dem Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire untersucht. Die Daten wurden mit einer Normierungsstichprobe verglichen, weiter wurden korrelative und regressionsanalytische Zusammenhänge der Variablen berechnet. Ebenso wurden Zusammenhänge der exekutiven Funktionen mit soziodemographischen Variablen analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in fast allen Bereichen exekutiver Funktionen die hörgeschädigten Kinder mehr Probleme aufweisen als die Kinder der hörenden Normierungsstichprobe und die Prävalenzrate durchschnittlich ca. dreimal höher ist. Der Index für verhaltensregulierende exekutive Funktionen erweist sich neben dem Geschlecht am besten zur Vorhersage sozial-emotionaler Probleme. Schlussfolgerungen: Für die pädagogische Praxis ergibt sich, dass hörgeschädigte Schüler an allgemeinen Schulen in Bezug auf ihre psychosoziale Entwicklung von einem pädagogischen Konzept profitieren, das neben der Förderung sprachkommunikativer Kompetenzen auch auf die Stärkung von Selbstkontrolle und Selbstwirksamkeit der Kinder fokussiert.


2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kälin ◽  
Claudia M. Roebers

Abstract. Repeatedly, the notion has been put forward that metacognition (MC) and executive functions (EF) share common grounds, as both describe higher order cognitive processes and involve monitoring. However, only few studies addressed this issue empirically and so far their findings are rather inconsistent. Addressing the question whether measurement differences may in part be responsible for the mixed results, the current study included explicitly reported as well as time-based measures of metacognitive monitoring and related them to EF. A total of 202 children aged 4–6 years were assessed in terms of EF (inhibition, working memory, shifting) and monitoring. While there was no significant link between explicitly reported confidence and EF, latencies of monitoring judgments were significantly related to time- and accuracy-based measures of EF. Our findings support the association between EF and MC and the assumption that better inhibition abilities help children to engage in more thorough monitoring.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rosa ◽  
Ola Eiken ◽  
Mikael Grönkvist ◽  
Roger Kölegård ◽  
Nicklas Dahlström ◽  
...  

Abstract. Fighter pilots may be exposed to extended flight missions. Consequently, there is increasing concern about fatigue. We investigated the effects of fatigue and cognitive performance in a simulated 11-hr mission in the 39 Gripen fighter aircraft. Five cognitive tasks were used to assess cognitive performance. Fatigue was measured with the Samn–Perelli Fatigue Index. Results showed that performance in the non-executive task degraded after approximately 7 hr. Fatigue ratings showed a matching trend to the performance in this task. Performance in tasks taxing executive functions did not decline. We interpreted that fatigue can be overridden by increased attentional effort for executive tasks but not for non-executive components of cognition. Participants underestimated their performance and metacognitive accuracy was not influenced by fatigue.


PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krysta Andrews ◽  
Leslie Atkinson ◽  
Madeleine Harris ◽  
Andrea Gonzalez

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1278-1289
Author(s):  
Alison M. O'Connor ◽  
Victoria W. Dykstra ◽  
Angela D. Evans
Keyword(s):  

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Monette ◽  
Mireille Levesque ◽  
Catherine Langlois Cloutier ◽  
Marc Bigras
Keyword(s):  

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