High-fat diet and caffeine interact to modulate bone microstructure and biomechanics in mice

Obesity increases the risk for pathological conditions such as bone loss. On the other hand, physical exercise reduces body adiposity. To test the hypothesis that physical activity improves bone quality, we evaluated voluntary running of defined distances on trabecular and cortical microstructure in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Sedentary mice were fed the standard AIN93G diet or the HFD. Mice fed the HFD remained sedentary or were assigned to unrestricted running or 75%, 50%, and 25% of unrestricted running with an average running activity at 8.3, 6.3, 4.2, and 2.1 km per day, respectively. The bone structural differences found in sedentary mice were that HFD, compared the AIN93G diet, resulted in a lower bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and a higher structure model index (SMI) in vertebrae. Running had a greater effect on trabecular microstructure in femurs than in vertebrae; the decrease in SMI and an increase in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were in a dose-dependent manner. Running was positively correlated with BV/TV and Tb.Th and inversely correlated with SMI in femurs. The HFD increased plasma concentrations of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, a marker of bone resorption, in sedentary mice; while running decreased it in a dose-dependent manner. The findings show that voluntary running improves bone quality in young adult mice fed an HFD. Novelty bullets • The high-fat diet alters bone microstructure by increasing bone resorption. • Quantitative voluntary running improves bone microstructure through its attenuation of bone resorption in mice fed a high-fat diet.

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Negative Influence of a Long-Term High-Fat Diet on Murine Bone Architecture

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/318924 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hinrich Fehrendt ◽

Thomas Linn ◽

Sonja Hartmann ◽

Gabor Szalay ◽

Christian Heiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Bone Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Bone Microstructure ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Bone Architecture ◽

High Fat ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cell Contacts ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

A correlation between obesity and bone metabolism is strongly assumed because adipocytes and osteoblasts originate from the same precursor cells and their differentiation is conversely regulated by the same factors. It is controversially discussed if obesity protects bone or leads to loss of bone mass. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of diet-induced mild obesity (11% increased body weight compared to control) on bone microstructure in mice. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat) and were analyzed by means of dual X-ray absorptiometry, histological methods, real-time RT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy in comparison to control animals (10% kcal from fat). The cancellous bone mass, collagen 1α1 expression, amount of osteoid, and cohesion of cells via cell-to-cell contacts decreased in HFD mice whereas the bone mineral density and the amount of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were not modified. The amount of apoptotic osteocytes was increased in HFD mice in comparison to controls. We conclude that moderately increased body weight does not protect bone architecture from age-dependent degeneration. By contrast, bone microstructure is negatively affected and reduced maintenance of cell-cell contacts may be one of the underlying mechanisms.

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Effects of swimming exercise on high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density and trabecular bone microstructure in rats

The Journal of Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry ◽

10.20463/jenb.2017.0063 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 48-55

Author(s):

Yun-Seok Kang ◽

Sang-Hyun Kim ◽

Jae-Cheol Kim

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Bone Microstructure ◽

Swimming Exercise ◽

High Fat ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Low Bone Mineral Density ◽

Trabecular Bone Microstructure

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Effects of swimming exercise on high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density and trabecular bone microstructure in rats

The Journal of Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry ◽

10.20463/jenb.2016.0063 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 48-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yun-Seok Kang ◽

Sang-Hyun Kim ◽

Jae-Cheol Kim

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Bone Microstructure ◽

Swimming Exercise ◽

High Fat ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Low Bone Mineral Density ◽

Trabecular Bone Microstructure

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Abstract # P-20: 11b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Regulation in High Fat Diet Induced Insulin Resistant Rats and Rats Treated with Sutherlandia Frutescens

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)43833-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Ngozi F. Nnolum-Orji ◽

Saartjie Roux ◽

Janine Mackenzie ◽

Disang Lekutlane

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽

High Fat ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Sutherlandia Frutescens

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Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (1-2) ◽

pp. 45-54

Author(s):

Akemi Suzuki ◽

André Manoel Correia-Santos ◽

Gabriela Câmara Vicente ◽

Luiz Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽

Gilson Teles Boaventura

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Flaxseed Oil ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Flaxseed Flour ◽

Maternal Consumption

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.

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