The “grammar school pressure”: From tolerance to distance, to rejection of ‘Scouse’ in middle-class Merseyside schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 100996
Author(s):  
Dr Sofia Lampropoulou ◽  
Dr Paul Cooper
1965 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 156-175 ◽  

George Clarke Simpson was born at Derby on 2 September 1878, the second son and third of the seven children, three sons and four daughters, of Arthur and Alice Lambton Simpson. Arthur, born at Derby on 25 May 1851 and educated at Derby Grammar School, was the son of a Derby shopkeeper —of a small retail shop—and, until his marriage, helped in his father’s shop. Alice was the daughter of a well-to-do wharfinger, Thomas William Clarke, of Sutton Bridge, Lincolnshire, whose business was ruined through the silting up of the port. She was born on 25 March 1853 and died on 22 December 1937. On marriage Arthur and Alice started a business of their own and slowly and laboriously built up a wholesale business, hardware, drapery and toys, one of the best in Derby at the end of the century. Arthur was an active church worker, a particularly successful teacher of young men in the Sunday School and, later in life, Councillor, Alderman and Mayor of Derby. He died on 27 June 1917. Arthur’s brother, George, was the father of David Capell Simpson, Oriel Professor of Interpretation of Holy Scripture, Oxford, 1925-1950. In the early years of their marriage Simpson’s parents lived over their warehouse in Bag Lane, later East Street, in the centre of Derby and there Simpson was born. About twelve years later his parents bought a house in a better locality where the family lived the typical life of the Victorian middle class. It was a happy family and, as the business continued to grow, there was never any real shortage of money; but there was no extravagance and certainly no waste.


1976 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 119-135

Hans Arnold Heilbronn was born in Berlin on 8 October 1908. No doubt, his home and upbringing was one typical for the cultured German-Jewish middle class, which had in those days been thoroughly assimilated into German life. In many small ways Heilbronn’s habits, his directness, his correct manner—in the true sense of the word—his strong, genuine sense of propriety, his apparent stiffness, as well as his accent, bore witness to his German background From 1914 to 1926 the boy attended the Realgymnasium Berlin-Schmargenhof, a school comparable to an English grammar school, the prefix ‘Real’ indicating emphasis on the sciences and on modern languages, rather than the classics. In 1926 he entered university, reading mathematics, physics and chemistry, but evidently his interests veered more and more towards mathematics. As customary in Germany, the young student moved around, first attending his home university in Berlin, then going on to Freiburg and ending up in Göttingen, at that time the undisputed centre of German mathematics. One would suppose that he fitted well into the accepted pattern of student life in the Germany of those days. It was only the rebels who abhorred duelling—Heilbronn carried a duelling scar from his Göttingen days throughout his life.


1991 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 399-409

Helen Porter ( née Archbold) was born in 1899 at Place Hale, Farnham in Surrey. She was the younger of two daughters of George Kemp Archbold M. A. and Caroline Emily Broughton ( née Whitehead). Helen maintained a lifelong attachment to her elder sister, Dorothy. The family was essentially educated middle class. George Archbold was the son of the vicar of Thorpe Hamlet, Norwich. He was educated at Norwich Grammar School and went to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, to read classics. He became a schoolteacher and until 1914 coached candidates for universities and also for army commissions for entry into Woolwich and Sandhurst Military Academies. In 1915 he was appointed as second master at Aysgarth Preparatory School, Bedale, Yorkshire. He invested money in the school and became a partner. He was a very popular master and was recalled to the school after initially leaving in 1918 and then remained until final retirement at the age of 72. He died in 1944. Mrs Archbold was educated at home and at a finishing school in Switzerland. She trained as a professional singer at the Conservatoire in Brussels where for a few years her parents resided. She was related to small land owner (county) families. Helen spoke of her mother as an energetic person excelling in the domestic virtues with a deep sense of duty to her family. Her recreation was music.


2003 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Haslam ◽  
David G. Morris

Born at Renfrew on 8 October 1900, Thomas Stevens Stevens (‘TSS’) was the only child of John and Jane Stevens. His father, a draughtsman and engineer, was production director of William Simons and Company Ltd of Renfrew, shipbuilders specializing in dredger construction. Before her marriage in 1898, his mother Jane (née Irving) was a schoolteacher. His upbringing was typically middle-class, and both parents gave every encouragement for their son to study. However, as a delicate asthmatic youngster Tom's early education was given, until the age of eight, at home by his mother—a fact held by many to be responsible for the seeds that brought forth his great love of language and his sensitive and wide-ranging intellect. Thereafter he attended Paisley Grammar School (1909–15) and the Glasgow Academy (1915–17). At Paisley Grammar School his attention was drawn by Joseph Towers, a teacher of English, and at the Glasgow Academy he delighted in the sardonic humour of G.L. Moffatt, who taught mathematics. Physics and chemistry had nevertheless captured his imagination and in the Academy he enjoyed the extensive opportunities that were provided for practical chemistry. It was a love and a boyish enthusiasm that he retained and continued to practise throughout his professional career. In a popular lecture that he gave in the 1950s, ‘The anatomy of the chemist’, Tommy includes the account given by the famous American teacher, Ira Remsen, of the most impressive experiment he had ever performed: ‘nitric acid acts upon copper’. The story ends, ‘… I drew my fingers across my trousers and another fact was discovered. Nitric acid acts on trousers…’. With its smells, fizzes and bangs it is surely a portrait of the young Stevens himself.


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