Net energy levels of reduced crude protein, amino acid-supplemented diets for heavy pigs

Five studies were conducted to determine the effects of reduced crude protein (CP) of commercial boilers fed for further processing. In experiments(EXP) 1, 2, and 3, birds were fed diets with up to 1.5% reduction in CP. The results were consistent for the three experiments. Performance and meat yield were not affected by the decrease in CP, but abdominal pat pad yield increased as CP decreased. In EXP3 and 4, birds were fed diets with up to 2.1% decrease in CP. To EXP4, the lowest CP-diet(CT-2.1%) received supplementation of arginine(Arg), valine(Val), isoleucine(Ile), leucine(Leu), or a mixture of these four amino acids(All). In EXP4, a decrease in breast meat yield was observed when CT-2.1% was fed whereas in EXP5 there was no effect on breast meat yield, which may have been due to the fewer replicates utilized for EXP2. In EXP4, carcass yield decreased and supplementation with Ile/All recovered carcass yield.

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Effects of crystalline amino acid supplementation of reduced crude protein (RCP) diet on net energy basis on Longissimus muscle (LM) quality of growing-finishing swine

Meat Science ◽

10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.09.056 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

D. Cook ◽

J. Apple ◽

C. Maxwell ◽

K. Bassinger ◽

A. Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Net Energy ◽

Longissimus Muscle ◽

Amino Acid Supplementation ◽

Acid Supplementation ◽

Reduced Crude Protein

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Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s40104-021-00550-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Yun Liu ◽

Shemil P. Macelline ◽

Peter V. Chrystal ◽

Peter H. Selle

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Meat Production ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Reduced Crude Protein

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

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Effects of reduced crude protein levels, dietary electrolyte balance, and energy density on the performance of broiler chickens offered maize-based diets with evaluations of starch, protein, and amino acid metabolism

Poultry Science ◽

10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 1421-1431 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peter V. Chrystal ◽

Amy F. Moss ◽

Ali Khoddami ◽

Victor D. Naranjo ◽

Peter H. Selle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Energy Density ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reduced Crude Protein

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CRUDE PROTEIN, AMINO ACID AND ALKALOID CONTENTS OF ANNUAL SWEET LUPIN (LUPINUS SPP. L.) FORAGES AND SEEDS GROWN IN ETHIOPIA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479712000026 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 414-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

LIKAWENT YEHEYIS ◽

C. KIJORA ◽

E. VAN SANTEN ◽

M. WINK ◽

JÜRGEN DANIER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

White Lupin ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Protein Amino Acid ◽

Livestock Feed ◽

Alkaloid Contents

SUMMARYThough bitter white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a traditional crop in Ethiopia, sweet lupins are new to the country. As a result, the nutritional value of low-alkaloid lupins has not been evaluated under Ethiopian conditions. Crude protein, amino acid and alkaloid contents of 16 cultivars of three annual lupin species grown in four lupin growing locations (Merawi, Finoteselam, Kossober-1 and Kossober-2) of Ethiopia were evaluated. Location × cultivar interaction was a significant source of variation for all traits (p < 0.0001). In all locations, blue entries had either similar (p ≥ 0.0584) or higher (p ≤ 0.0235) forage crude protein content than the Local Landrace, white group and yellow entry. Compared with the Local Landrace, white and blue entries, the sole yellow entry had higher (p ≤ 0.0148) seed crude protein content at all locations except at Kossober-2, where it had similar (p = 0.8460) crude protein content as white entries. The Local Landrace had the highest forage and seed alkaloid contents. However, sweet blue Vitabor and Sanabor entries had the lowest forage and seed alkaloid contents, respectively. Low alkaloid and higher crude protein contents of sweet lupins grown in Ethiopia show the possibility to use sweet lupin forage and seeds as cheap home-grown protein source for livestock feed and human food in the country. However, for more reliable information, the laboratory results need to be verified by animal and human evaluations of the crop.

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