Multi-breed investigation of pig social rank and biological rhythm based on feeding behaviors at electronic feeding stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 104419
Author(s):  
Dong Chen ◽  
Wenshui Xin ◽  
Tianxiong Yao ◽  
Lin Rao ◽  
Shiqian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Biological Rhythm ◽  
Feeding Behaviors

Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

Aristocracy about 1760: Theory and Practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
The People ◽  
Important Sense

This chapter considers the prevailing notion in the eighteenth century that nobility was a necessary bulwark of political freedom. Whether in the interest of a more open nobility or of a more closed and impenetrable nobility, the view was the same. Nobility as such, nobility as an institution, was necessary to the maintenance of a free constitution. There was also a general consensus that parliaments or ruling councils were autonomous, self-empowered, or empowered by history, heredity, social utility, or God; that they were in an important sense irresponsible, free to oppose the King (where there was one), and certainly owing no accounting to the “people.” The remainder of the chapter deals with the uses and abuses of social rank and the problems of administration, recruitment, taxation, and class consciousness.

Prestige does not affect the cultural transmission of novel controversial arguments in an online transmission chain experiment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel V. Jiménez ◽  
Alex Mesoudi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
Relevant Domain ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
High Prestige ◽  
The Prestige

Cultural evolutionary theories define prestige as social rank that is freely conferred on individuals possessing superior knowledge or skill, in order to gain opportunities to learn from such individuals. Consequently, information provided by prestigious individuals should be more memorable, and hence more likely to be culturally transmitted, than information from non-prestigious sources, particularly for novel, controversial arguments about which pre-existing opinions are absent or weak. It has also been argued that this effect extends beyond the prestigious individual’s relevant domain of expertise. We tested whether the prestige and relevance of the sources of novel, controversial arguments affected the transmission of those arguments, independently of their content. In a four-generation linear transmission chain experiment, British participants (N=192) recruited online read two conflicting arguments in favour of or against the replacement of textbooks by computer tablets in schools. Each of the two conflicting arguments was associated with one of three sources with different levels of prestige and relevance (high prestige, high relevance; high prestige, low relevance; low prestige, low relevance). Participants recalled the pro-tablets and anti-tablets arguments associated with each source and their recall was then passed to the next participant within their chain. Contrary to our predictions, we did not find a reliable effect of either the prestige or relevance of the sources of information on transmission fidelity. We discuss whether the lack of a reliable effect of prestige on recall might be a consequence of differences between how prestige operates in this experiment and in everyday life.

scholarly journals Associations of Maternal Sociodemographic Characteristics and Eating Behaviors with Infant Feeding Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
Tonja Nansel ◽  
Leah Lipsky ◽  
Carolina Schwedhelm ◽  
Breanne Wright ◽  
Chelsie Temmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
White Race ◽  
Maternal Characteristics

Abstract Objectives This study examines associations of maternal characteristics with infant feeding of discretionary and health-promoting foods. Methods Mothers in PEAS, a prospective cohort study, reported maternal and child dietary intake, demographics, and eating competence (EC). Maternal diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, HEI) was calculated combining 24-hour diet recalls at 6 weeks, 6, and 12 months postpartum (n = 209). Infant food frequency questionnaires were completed at 6, 9, and 12 months, assessing age of introduction and intake frequency of food groups. T-tests examined bivariate associations of demographics with feeding of discretionary sweets, discretionary savory foods, fruit, and vegetables. Linear regressions examined associations of maternal EC and HEI with infant feeding controlling for demographics. Results Fruit, vegetables, discretionary sweet, and discretionary savory foods were introduced at 5.8 ± 1.7, 5.9 ± 1.7, 8.0 ± 2.0, and 8.8 ± 1.8 months, respectively. Earlier introduction of fruit and vegetables was associated with higher maternal education, white race, and nulliparity; earlier introduction of vegetables was also associated with higher income. Age of introduction of discretionary sweet and savory foods was not associated with maternal demographics, HEI, or EC. At age 12 months, greater infant intake frequency of fruit and vegetables was associated with higher education and income, white race, and breastfeeding, while greater intake frequency of discretionary sweet and savory foods was associated with lower maternal education and minority race. Greater intake frequency of sweets was also associated with multiparity and greater intake frequency of discretionary savory foods was associated with lower income. Maternal HEI was positively associated with infant intake frequency of fruit, vegetables, and discretionary sweet and savory foods. Maternal EC was positively associated with infant intake frequency of fruit and vegetables. Conclusions Demographic differences in infant feeding behaviors indicates these behaviors as critical intervention targets to address disparities in child diet quality. Associations of maternal HEI and EC with infant feeding behaviors suggest potential pathways of maternal influence on infant diet. Funding Sources This research was supported by the NICHD Intramural Research Program.

scholarly journals Relationships Among the Feeding Behaviors of a Mirid Bug on Cotton Leaves of Different Ages and Plant Biochemical Substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Song ◽  
Zhaoke Dong ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Zengbin Lu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mirid Bug ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) tends to feed on young plant tissues. To explore the relationship between stylet probing behaviors of adult A. lucorum and conditions of cotton leaves, we conducted an experiment using electropenetrography (EPG). Behaviors were recorded on four cotton varieties, in relation to thickness and biochemical traits of differently-aged leaves. Cotton leaf age had a significant effect on the probing behavior of A. lucorum but cotton variety did not. One-day-old leaves of A. lucorum received the highest mean number of stylet probes (penetrations) per insect, and longest mean durations per insect of combined stylet probing or its components, cell rupture and ingestion behaviors. All of the leaf traits (thickness and biochemical substances) were similar among these four cotton varieties. Leaf thickness had a significantly negative effect on the same four variables above. Gossypol and tannin also had a negative impact on combined probing duration. Redundancy analysis showed that the four EPG variables were closely related to nutrient substances (amino acids, sugar, and water) while they had the opposite relationship with plant defense substances (gossypol and tannin). On cotton in the seedling stages, A. lucorum fed more readily on the youngest, thinnest leaves in our no-choice EPG experiments. Nutrients and chemical resistance substances determined the probing duration of A. lucorum. Our findings can contribute to better understanding of patterns of feeding and host consumption by A. lucorum, ultimately improving cotton resistance to A. lucorum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document